• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.945-950
• /
• 2001

Vacuum interrupters that is used in various switchgear components such as circuit breakers, distribution switches, contactors, etc. spreads the arc uniformly over the surface of the contacts. The electrode of vacuum interrupters is used sintered Cu-Cr material satisfied with good electrical and mechanical characteristics. Because the closing velocity is 1-3m/s, the deformation of the material of electrodes depends on the strain rate and the dynamic behavior of the sintered Cu-Cr material is a key to investigate the impact characteristics of the electrodes. The dynamic response of the material at the high strain-rate is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test using cylinder type specimens. Experimental results from both quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests with the split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus are interpolated to construct the Johnson-Cook equation as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulation of the dynamic behavior of electrodes. To evaluate impact characteristic of a vacuum interrupter, simulation is carried out with five parameters such as initial velocity, added mass of a movable electrode, wipe spring constant, initial offset of a wipe spring and virtual fixed spring constant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2018

In this study, low cyclic fatigue test was carried out at room temperature condition for rolled STS304 steel. The results of this study show that rolled STS304 steel has excellent static tensile strength and fatigue characteristics. The relationship between plastic strain range and fatigue life was examined using the triangular wave in order to predict the low cycle fatigue life of rolled STS304 steel by Coffin-Manson equation. Cyclic behavior of rolled STS304 steel was characterized by cyclic hardening with increasing number of cycle through the Hysteresis loop analysis and cyclic response of maximum stress versus number of cycles. It is found that the plastic deformation energy consumed per cycle is reduced by calculating the area of the hysteresis loop.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2002

In the frontal collision of cars, front parts of cars such as engine rail and side members that are composed of hatted section tubes should absorb most of the collision energy far the passenger compartment not to be deformed. For these reasons the study on the collapse characteristics, maximum crushing load and energy absorption capacity of hatted section tubes are needed. In this study, top hatted section tubes and double hatted section tubes are investigated. The maximum crushing load of hatted section tubes is induced from plastic buckling stress of plates by considering that the hatted section tubes are composed of plates with each different boundary conditions and that its material has a strain hardening effect. On this concept maximum crushing load equations of hatted section tubes are derived and verified by experiments. from the results of experiment, the differences of collapse characteristics between top hatted section tube and double hatted section tube are analysed. And mean crushing loads of hatted section tubes from experiments are compared with other theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to produce a side impact beam with high tensile steel using a roll forming process. The door side impact beam plays an important roll in a car because it protects passengers from external crash. The roll forming process is a continuous bending process wherein a long metal sheet is bended as it continuously passes several rolls. The characteristic of this study is that an impact beam is produced by a continuous process using a ultra high strength steel without a hardening heat treatment. A model was determined by analysing plasticity of a cross section shape considering high strength. Design parameters of the impact beam was determined by crash-analysing the model. Workpiece products were manufactured by designing dies for roll forming and setting them up in a following process line. Results of a bending test and a FEM analysis was considered and reviewed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
• /
• 2000.09a
• /
• pp.251-265
• /
• 2000

S $m_{2}$F $e_{17}$ $N_{x}$ film magnets using a S $m_{2}$F $e_{17}$ target were prepared at $N_{2}$ gas atmosphere using a Nd-YAG laser ablation technique. The effect of nitrogen pressure, deposition temperature, pulsation time and film thickness on the structure and magnetic properties of S $m_{2}$F $e_{17}$ $N_{x}$ film were studied. Increasing the nitrogen pressure up to 5 atm. was confirmed to lead the formation of complete S $m_{2}$F $e_{17}$ $N_{x}$ compound. Optimized magnetic properties with the nitrogenation temperature ranging over 500-53$0^{\circ}C$ could be obtained by extending the nitrogenation time up to 4 hours. Relatively low coercivities of 400~600 Oe were exhibited from the S $m_{2}$F $e_{17}$ $N_{x}$ films having the thickness of 50~100 nm while 4$\pi$ $M_{s}$ of 10~12 kG could be achieved. In-plane anisotropic characteristic, which was the basic goal in this study, was achieved by controlling the nitrogenation parameters.ameters.ers.ameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.275-278
• /
• 2005

INCONEL 718, nickel based superalloy, has good formability, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at high temperature. Owing to theses attractive properties, it finds use in applications such as combustion system, turbine engines and nuclear reactors. In such applications, components are typically required to be tolerant of high stress impact loading. This may cause material degradation and lead to catastrophic failure during service operation. In order to design optimal structural parts made of INCONEL 718, accurate understanding of material's mechanical properties, dynamic behavior and fracture characteristic as a function of strain rates are required. This paper concerned with the dynamic material properties of the INCONEL 718 for the various strain rates. The dynamic response of the INCONEL 718 at intermediate strain rate is obtained from the high speed tensile test machine test and at the high strain rate is from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test. Based on the experimental results, the effects of strain rate on dynamic flow stress, work hardening characteristics, strain rate sensitivity and elongation to the failure are evaluated. Experimental results from both quasi-static and high strain rate up to the 5000/sec are interpolated in order to construct the Johnson-Cook model as the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulate and design the structural parts made of INCONEL 718.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2018

The heating process such as line heating, triangular heating and so on is widely used in plate forming of shell plates found in bow and stern area of outer shell in a ship. Local shrinkage during heating process is main physical phenomenon used in plate forming process. As it is well appreciated, the heated plate undergoes the change in material and mechanical properties around heated area due to the harsh thermal process. It is, therefore, important to investigate the changes of physical and mechanical properties due to heating process in order to use them plate the design stage of shell plates. This study is concerned with the development of formula of plastic hardening constitutive equation for steel plate on which line heating is applied. In this study the stress correction formula for the heated plate has been developed based on the numerical simulation of tension test with varying plate thickness and heating speed through the regression analysis of multiple variable case. It has been seen the developed formula shows very good agreement with results of numerical simulation. This paper ends with usefulness of the present formula in examining the structural characteristic of ship's hull.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.81 no.5
• /
• pp.539-550
• /
• 2022

A detailed experimental program was conducted to investigate the flexural behavior of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams reinforced with high strength steel (HSS) rebars with a specified yield strength of 600 MPa via direct tensile test and monotonic four-point bending test. First, two sets of direct tensile test specimens, with the same reinforcement ratio but different yield strength of reinforcement, were fabricated and tested. Subsequently, six simply supported beams, including two plain UHPC beams and four reinforced UHPC beams, were prepared and tested under four-point bending load. The results showed that the balanced-reinforced UHPC beams reinforced with HSS rebars could improve the ultimate load-bearing capacity, deformation capacity, ductility properties, etc. more effectively owing to interaction between high strength of HSS rebar and strain-hardening characteristic of UHPC. In addition, the UHPC with steel rebars kept strain compatibility prior to the yielding of the steel rebar, further satisfied the plane-section assumption. Most importantly, the crack pattern of the UHPC beam reinforced with HSS rebars was prone to transform from single main crack failure corresponding to the normal-strength steel, to multiple main cracks failure under the condition of balanced-reinforced failure, which validated by the conclusion of direct tensile tests cooperated with acoustic emission (AE) source locating technique as well.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.459-470
• /
• 2014

Now-a-days, the trend in constructing tunnels is to build more deeper, more longer tunnels of greater cross-sections. That's why, the demand of "Early-high-strength shotcrete" is very high because of their advantage of attaining higher strength immediately after excavation, which controls the ground subsidence. So, this study reveals the supporting phenomena of early-high-strength shotcrete, using three-dimensional numerical analysis. The crux of this study can be applied practically in construction sites also. Support Performance of two different qualities of shotcrete was checked out, by keeping the general shotcrete's thickness constant and comparing it with early-high-strength shotcrete's thickness decreasing it gradually in five steps, and analysing/comparing the support performance in all cases. Effect of using early-high-strength shotcrete was analysed to save the cost of steel sets, which are widely used for supporting the ground before the hardening of general shotcrete. The results of numerical analysis on the performance of early-high-strength shotcrete show that, it behaves more effectively under worse ground conditions and it can support the ground more conveniently than steel sets, before the shotcrete is hardened.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2022

Calcium silicate based cement (CSC) is a low-carbon cement that emits less CO₂ by up to 70% compared to ordinary Portland cement during its manufacture. Most developed countries have commercialized CSC, whereas Korea is still investigating the manufacturing characteristics and basic properties of CSC. This paper provides a review of methods for manufacturing CSC using domestic raw materials and discusses the possibility of CSC localization based on an evaluation of the basic physical properties of manufactured CSC. The experimental results of this study indicate that the primary mineral components of CSC were CS, C₃S₂ C₂S, and unreacted SiO₂. This suggests the possibility of manufacturing CSC using domestic raw materials that exhibit mineral compositions similar to that of theoretical CSC. The compressive strength of CSC mortar is less than 1MPa at the age of 7 d under wet curing. This implies that hydration does not affect the property development of CSC mortar. Meanwhile, during carbonation curing, the compressive strength is 56 MPa or higher after 7 d, which indicates excellent early strength development. Furthermore, results of Thermogravimetric Analysis Differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) show that a significant amount of CaCO₃ is formed, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. This implies that carbonation is associated significantly with the properties of CSC.