• 제목/요약/키워드: Hardcore users

검색결과 2건 처리시간 0.016초

Extending Application of the 'Hardcore' Definition to Smokeless Tobacco Use: Estimates from a Nationally Representative Population in India and its Implications

  • Jena, Pratap Kumar;Bandyopadhyay, Chandan;Mathur, Manu Raj;Das, Sagarika
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.5959-5963
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    • 2012
  • Background: The term 'hardcore' has been applied to use of smoking tobacco and generally referred to as the inability or unwillingness of regular smokers to quit. The component constructs of hardcore except nicotine dependence are product neutral. With the use of 'time to first chew' as a measure of nicotine dependence, hardcore definition can be extended to characterize smokeless tobacco users. Hardcore users respond less to tobacco cessation interventions, and are prone to tobacco induced diseases including cancer. Thus identifying hardcore users would help in estimate the burden of high risk population for tobacco induced diseases. Smokeless tobacco use is predominant and accounts for more than 50% of oral cancer in India. Hence, hardcore chewing information could be used for planning of tobacco and cancer control interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-India 2010 data were analyzed to quantify hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India with following five criteria: (1) current daily smokeless tobacco use; (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration; (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting; (4) time to first use of smokeless tobacco product within 30 minutes of waking up; and (5) knowledge of smokeless tobacco hazards. Results: The number of hardcore smokeless tobacco users among adult Indians is estimated to be 5% (39.5 million). This group comprises 23.2% of daily smokeless tobacco users. The population prevalence varied from 1.4-9.1% across different national regions of India. Logistic regression modeling indicated age, education and employment status to be the major predictors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Conclusions: The presence of a huge number (39.5 million) of hardcore smokeless tobacco users is a challenge to tobacco control and cancer prevention in India. There is an unmet need for a universal tobacco cessation programme and intensification of anti-tobacco education in communities.

숙련된 게임유저에게 발생되는 VR 게임 조작 지연에 관한 연구 (A Study on Delay of VR Game Operation for Experienced Game Users)

  • 정원조;이창조
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 하드코어 게임유저는 기(旣)경험된 게임 조작처리 훈련으로 사용자 조작에 차이를 가지는 VR게임 플레이 시 조작 딜레이 검증하였다. HCI 기반 실험적 연구접근으로 사용자 조작 주기 가설이 적용된 2D 3D VR 형식 프로토타입 게임을 제작하였다. 이를 바탕으로 총 121명을 대상 2D 3D VR 형식 인터페이스 사용자 조작 실험 실시하였다. 실험으로 추출된 평균 사용자 조작 주기는 비교 검증하기 위하여 독립표본 T검정을 실시하였다. 검정 결과 2D VR 형식에 따른 사용자조작 주기 평균시간의 차이는 검증되었다. 3D VR 형식에 따른 사용자 조작주기 평균시간의 차이는 유의미의 귀무가설이 채택되어 차이가 없다 판명 되었다.