• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hard point data

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Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Products in Japan

  • Masaki Hitoshi
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.29 no.2 s.43
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2003
  • Two categories of cosmetic products, cosmetics and quasi-drugs, have been established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Japanese pharmaceutical law has defined that products categorized as cosmetics do not exhibit any effects on human skin. In fact, cosmetic products are not permitted to claim any efficacy. On the other hand, products in the quasi-drug category can claim several efficacies such as anti-inflammatory effects, whitening/lightning effects, hair growth effects and so on. Unfortunately, the Japanese MHLW has not yet approved the efficacy of anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects as a claim point. However, the population is aging, and the demand for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle products is increasing year by year. Japanese cosmetic companies have proposed to the MHLW that anti-aging/anti-wrinkle agents be approved as a claim concept of a quasi-drug. However, unified evaluation methods for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects have not been established. Currently, each company evaluates the efficacy of products/materials using their own original methods. Thus, to request approval of the MHLW, the establishment of a unified evaluation method is needed. Consequently, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has established a task force to develop guidelines for evaluating anti-wrinkle effects in 1998. In conclusion, the JCIA would like to adopt visual and image analysis scales to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects objectively. Generally, wrinkles are roughly classified into three groups as fine wrinkles, linear deep wrinkles and crow's feet. However, academic societies of dermatology or cosmetics have not yet established a definition of wrinkles in Japan. Thus, in advance of setting up an evaluation method, the definition of wrinkles f3r evaluation must be decided. Wrinkles are defined by the task force of the JCIA as follows; furrows that people can recognize visually and that appear on the forehead, the corners of the eyes and the backs of the neck with aging. In addition, furrows are emphasized by exposure to solar light and by dry conditions. Visual evaluation is the most sensitive method and can be applied to most types of wrinkles. However, visual evaluation is hard to express digitally as results. Besides, in the case of image analysis, comparisons of data obtained from distinct examinations can not be done, because data from image analysis are relative values. Thus, to enhance the reliability of the evaluations, the adoption of an objective scale was required. The principle of the evaluation method is to analyze images taken from silicone replicas of wrinkle areas using several parameters, such as the proportion of the wrinkle $area({\%})$, the mean depth of the wrinkles (mm), the mean depth of the deepest wrinkle (m) and the deepest point on the deepest wrinkle. Lights are shown on the skin replica from an orthogonal direction of the main orientation of the wrinkle, and the resulting shadow images are quantified by the image analysis method. To increase the precision of the data or to allow comparisons of independent examinations, a scale with furrows of several depths, 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1000{\mu}m$, is adapted in the evaluation system. I will explain the guidelines established by the JCIA in the presentation.

Towards Statistical Judgements of Occupational Stressor versus Performance Indication with Impact on Mental and Physical Health of Female College Teachers

  • Anjum Shaheen;Hussain Saleem;Abida Siddiqui;Samina Saleem;Uzma M. Panhwar;Jamshed Butt
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2024
  • The present world is full of challenges and opportunities for the women at work. Every woman works hard for academic growth and professional development. For the same reason they also face challenges every day such as stresses, tensions, problems and competitions. When these factors exceed above the strengths, the capabilities of a woman start drowning under stress. Stress is generally thought negative characteristic, but stress or tension maintained up to some level is necessary and effective towards work done at job. This paper covers the study relationship between job stressor and female teacher's performance. The study was carried out in Government Colleges of District Hyderabad, Pakistan. The teacher student relationship was selected as a stressor for female teachers. The study is descriptive in nature followed by method of correlation. A five point "Likert Scale" was developed to collect the data from the sample size of 158 college teachers drawn randomly and the collected data was assessed quantitatively. The relationship between the "teacher student" (as an indicator of job stress) and "female teachers' performance" was calculated by Pearson Correlation formula. The findings of the study show the significant correlations between the teacher student relationship and job stress in female teachers' performance where it is found that the stressor caused the poor Physical and Mental health of female teachers working in colleges.

Social graph visualization techniques for public data (공공데이터에 적합한 다양한 소셜 그래프 비주얼라이제이션 알고리즘 제안)

  • Lee, Manjai;On, Byung-Won
    • Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.5-17
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    • 2015
  • Nowadays various public data have been serviced to the public. Through the opening of public data, the transparency and effectiveness of public policy developed by governments are increased and users can lead to the growth of industry related to public data. Since end-users of using public data are citizens, it is very important for everyone to figure out the meaning of public data using proper visualization techniques. In this work, to indicate the significance of widespread public data, we consider UN voting record as public data in which many people may be interested. In general, it has high utilization value by diplomatic and educational purposes, and is available in public. If we use proper data mining and visualization algorithms, we can get an insight regarding the voting patterns of UN members. To visualize, it is necessary to measure the voting similarity values among UN members and then a social graph is created by the similarity values. Next, using a graph layout algorithm, the social graph is rendered on the screen. If we use the existing method for visualizing the social graph, it is hard to understand the meaning of the social graph because the graph is usually dense. To improve the weak point of the existing social graph visualization, we propose Friend-Matching, Friend-Rival Matching, and Bubble Heap algorithms in this paper. We also validate that our proposed algorithms can improve the quality of visualizing social graphs displayed by the existing method. Finally, our prototype system has been released in http://datalab.kunsan.ac.kr/politiz/un/. Please, see if it is useful in the aspect of public data utilization.

Disease Characteristics and Behavior Pattern of Treatment for Patient with Fibromyalgia (섬유조직염 환자의 질병 특성과 치료행태)

  • Han, Sang-Sook;Kang, Hyun-Sook
    • Journal of muscle and joint health
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.22-36
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of the study was to identify disease characteristics and behavior pattern of treatment for patients with Fibromyalgia. This study was carried out between May to Aug. in 1998 through direct interview in Rheumatism clinic at H. University Hospital and subject in this study were 125 outpatients diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA using SPSS Window program. The results of this study are as follows. 1. General Characteristics : All of the persons with Fibromyalgia were female who were mostly in their forties(37.5%). A third of them(38.4%) were graduated from high school. The greatest part of them(54.4%) were christians but little part of them(16.8%) were employed 2. Disease Characteristics : They have struggled with Fibromyalgia for 10 years on an average. About half of them(56.9%) suffered from Fibromyalgia only but the others had another diseases which were in greatest part occupied by Osteoarthritis. The number of tender point which is a feature of Fibromyalgia differed according to measuring criteria. Yunus criteria. however, was proved to be the most proper measuring criteria than any other method as it showed high correlations between symptoms and physical activities. The most serious symptoms that complained the patients among subjective symptoms are pain, sleep disorder, and fatigue in sequence, and activities most hard to do among physical activities are washing by hand, scrubbing by hand, and shopping in sequence. 3. Behavior Pattern of Treatment : The largest part of them(42.4%) had received medical treatment after they were determined to have the disease and most of them were taking medicine as prescribed by physician(88.8%) or other medicines(16.8%), Of them, two thirds stated that the medicine they took were effective. Around a third of them took exercises mostly composed of swimming. The medical institution they visited in the past were orthopedic surgical department, Oriental hospital, physical therapy department in sequence and, in a slight percent(11.4%), psychiatric department. 4. Relations between Disease Characteristics and Behavior pattern of Treatment : It shows that number of tender point and level of symptom are significantly different according to duration of disease and medical intervention. As a results, it can be suggest that persons with Fibromyalgia need to take exercises and medicine continually regardless of medical treatment as it is a chronic disease whose symptoms are hardly mitigated.

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Empirical Study About ODA Effects on Job Creation

  • Seung Hee Ha;JaeHong Park
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2022
  • Purpose - This study empirically investigates the effects of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on the economic activities of private actors in recipient countries. As a proxy for the economic activities of private actors, we utilize the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. The foreign subsidiaries provide a foundation for economic development by creating paying jobs. That is, if ODA has been successfully transferred to foreign subsidiaries, then these foreign subsidiaries should help economic growth and help create a boom in the local market by providing jobs. These jobs eventually lead to the achievement of the primary aims of foreign aid, including poverty reduction. Thus, this study empirically examines the relationship between ODA and the number of jobs created by foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. Design/methodology - This is the first study to examine the effects of the ODA on the job creation of foreign subsidiaries because it has been hard to obtain internal information related to the employment status of foreign subsidiaries. Fortunately, we have a unique panel dataset provided by the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) for 2006 to 2013. In terms of the empirical specification, we use the generalized least squares (GLS) method. The panel GLS estimator allows us to have an efficient estimation that overcomes the limitations of the panel data. It employs assumptions about the heteroscedasticity between the panels and makes an autocorrelation of the error term within each panel. Findings - We find that ODA influences job creation in foreign subsidiaries. In particular, we found that ODA creates more jobs in sales than in managerial or production positions. This study also shows that the effect of the ODA on the foreign subsidiaries' job creation activities depend on the purpose of the ODA. By examining ODA effects on the foreign subsidiaries' economic activities (e.g., job creation), this study fills a gap in the current literature. Originality/value - Existing studies that focus on the ODA effect have either a macroeconomic point or a microeconomic point of view. However, both approaches do not explain how well foreign aid has influenced private economic actors of recipient countries. In essence, previous researchers found it difficult to obtain the necessary data for internal employment status from foreign subsidiaries. However, thanks to the Korea Export-Import Bank, this study shows that ODA indeed influences the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries even after controlling for other factors such as FDI, GDP growth rate, employment rate, household expenditure, mother firms' share, etc. By doing so, we can examine how ODA influences the job creation of foreign subsidiaries, which might help economic development and reduce the amount of poverty in recipient countries.

A Prefetching and Memory Management Policy for Personal Solid State Drives (개인용 SSD를 위한 선반입 및 메모리 관리 정책)

  • Baek, Sung-Hoon
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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    • v.19A no.1
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2012
  • Traditional technologies that are used to improve the performance of hard disk drives show many negative cases if they are applied to solid state drives (SSD). Access time and block sequence in hard disk drives that consist of mechanical components are very important performance factors. Meanwhile, SSD provides superior random read performance that is not affected by block address sequence due to the characteristics of flash memory. Practically, it is recommended to disable prefetching if a SSD is installed in a personal computer. However, this paper presents a combinational method of a prefetching scheme and a memory management that consider the internal structure of SSD and the characteristics of NAND flash memory. It is important that SSD must concurrently operate multiple flash memory chips. The I/O unit size of NAND flash memory tends to increase and it exceeded the block size of operating systems. Hence, the proposed prefetching scheme performs in an operating unit of SSD. To complement a weak point of the prefetching scheme, the proposed memory management scheme adaptively evicts uselessly prefetched data to maximize the sum of cache hit rate and prefetch hit rate. We implemented the proposed schemes as a Linux kernel module and evaluated them using a commercial SSD. The schemes improved the I/O performance up to 26% in a given experiment.

Development of a Software Program for the Automatic Calculation of the Pulp/Tooth Volume Ratio on the Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

  • Lee, Hoon-Ki;Lee, Jeong-Yun
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an automated software to extract tooth and pulpal area from sectional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, which can guarantee more reproducible, objective and time-saving way to measure pulp/tooth volume ratio. Methods: The software program was developed using MATLAB (MathWorks). To determine the optimal threshold for the region of interest (ROI) extraction, user interface to adjust the threshold for extraction algorithm was added. Default threshold was determined after several trials to make the outline of extracted ROI fitting to the tooth and pulpal outlines. To test the effect of starting point location selected initially in the pulpal area on the final result, pulp/tooth volume ratio was calculated 5 times with different 5 starting points. Results: Navigation interface is composed of image loading, zoom-in, zoom-out, and move tool. ROI extraction process can be shown by check in the option box. Default threshold is adjusted for the extracted tooth area to cover whole tooth including dentin, cementum, and enamel. Of course, the result can be corrected, if necessary, by the examiner as well as by changing the threshold of density of hard tissue. Extracted tooth and pulp area are reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) and pulp/tooth volume ratio is calculated by voxel counting on reconstructed model. The difference between the pulp/tooth volume ratio results from the 5 different extraction starting points was not significant. Conclusions: In further studies based on a large-scale sample, the most proper threshold to present the most significant relationship between age and pulp/tooth volume ratio and the tooth correlated with age the most will be explored. If the software can be improved to use whole CBCT data set rather than just sectional images and to detect pulp canal in the original 3D images generated by CBCT software itself, it will be more promising in practical uses.

Homeopathic mother tincture of Conium initiates reactive oxygen species mediated DNA damage and makes HeLa cells prone to apoptosis

  • Bishayee, Kausik;Mukherjee, Avinaba;Paul, Avijit;Khuda-Bukhsh, Anisur Rahman
    • CELLMED
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.26.1-26.5
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    • 2012
  • Adverse side-effects and lack of scientific validation of some chemotherapeutic agents prevent the use of many traditional medicines claimed to have anti-cancer effects. Ethanolic extract of Conium maculatum has long been used in traditional and alternative systems of medicine including homeopathy for the treatment of glandular enlargements, cancerous tumours or hard lumps of testicles, prostate, ovaries, breasts and/ or uterus, particularly in the breast. However, if and how it acts still remains scientifically unknown. This study aims to test if Conium extract (CE), used as mother tincture of Conium in homeopathy, has demonstrable anti-cancer potentials without having much cytotoxicity in normal cells. Cytotoxicity of the drug was tested by conducting MTT assay on both normal (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and HeLa cells. We also evaluated DNA fragmentation and DNA damage by DAPI and diphenylamine assay. The LDH activity assay was done to evaluate the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis. ROS accumulation also was evaluated to pin-point the actual events of apoptosis. Administration of drug clearly demonstrated its anti-cancer potentials as evidenced by the DNA damage analysis. The ROS activity also increased in case of the CE treated cells. LDH data revealed that the mode of cell death was mainly apoptotic and not necrotic. CE appears to induce apoptosis of cancer cells through ROS mediated pathway, and has negligible cytotoxicity against normal cells.

Logistics Network Design of Eco-Friendly industrial estate -Focused on GILC in Busan- (친환경 산업단지의 물류네트워크 설계 - 부산 국제산업물류도시를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Woong-Sub;Shin, Jae-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2012.06a
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    • pp.273-274
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    • 2012
  • Companies are facing challenges to have high competitiveness because of continuous oil price rising and CO2 emissions regulations. Thus, companies are trying hard to construct effective logistics and operation system to achieve high customer service quality and saving cost. Also the ec-friendly idustrial complex is needed. Busan is in process to construct GILC(Global Industry Logistics City) in west Busan province to achieve high competitiveness and support lack of industrial complex. To construct this kind of logistics industrial complex, it needs logistics system through proper policy and freight transportation co-operation. Especially, efficient management through logistics hierarchy construction in industrial complex is very important for low cost and eco-friendly point of view. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze logistics system and suggest operation model to present logistics complex construction base data.

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International industrial logistics complex logistics network design (국제산업물류단지 물류네트워크 설계)

  • Shin, Jae Young;Kim, Woong-Sub
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2014.06a
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    • pp.221-222
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    • 2014
  • Companies are facing challenges to have high competitiveness because of continuous oil price rising and CO2 emissions regulations. Thus, companies are trying hard to construct effective logistics and operation system to achieve high customer service quality and saving cost. Also the ec-friendly idustrial complex is needed. Busan is in process to construct GILC(Global Industry Logistics City) in west Busan province to achieve high competitiveness and support lack of industrial complex. To construct this kind of logistics industrial complex, it needs logistics system through proper policy and freight transportation co-operation. Especially, efficient management through logistics hierarchy construction in industrial complex is very important for low cost and eco-friendly point of view. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze logistics system and suggest operation model to present logistics complex construction base data.

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