• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hanwoo steers

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A study on the changes of carcass muscle distribution in the high quality meat production of Hanwoo steers in Kyungnam (경남지역 거세한우의 고급육 생산을 위한 도체 근육부위별 분포도 차이에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Cheol-Ho;Kim, Taeg-Seog;Kim, Chung-Hui
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2020
  • A grading system is implemented to evaluate the meat quality of Hanwoo. In the grading system, grade 1++A is the highest grade. Livestock farms breed Hanwoo with good quality feed in order to obtain the highest grade. In this process, the content ratios of muscles in individual regions can be changed. To find out the muscle distribution ratios of Hanwoo steers, grade 1A, 1+A, and 1++A Hanwoo steers were compared with grade 1+A Hanwoo female. Grade 1A Hanwoo steers had higher ratios of shank (SK), brisket and flank (BF), neck chain (NC), and inside skirt (IS) meats and a lower ratio of striploin (SL) meat compared to grade 1+A Hanwoo feamle. Grade 1++A Hanwoo steers had higher ratios of neck (NK) and loin (LN) meats and lower ratios of inside skirt (IS), tenderloin (TL), top round (TR), eye round (ER), bottom round (BR), bottom sirloin triangle (BST), and knuckle (K) meats compared to grade 1+A Hanwoo steers. In comparison between grade 1A and 1++A Hanwoo steers, the ratio of shank (SK) was significantly lower in higher quality meats. If the changes are continuously studied to improve the process so that the ratios of partial meats of the regions highly preferred by consumers can increase, it will contribute to increases in the incomes of livestock farms and enable Hanwoo to grow into a global brand.

Sensory Quality and Histochemical Characteristics of Longissimus Thoracis Muscles between Hanwoo and Holstein Steers from Different Quality Grades

  • Kim, Jae Yeong;Lee, Boin;Kim, Dong Hwan;Lee, Kichoon;Kim, Eun Joong;Choi, Young Min
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.779-787
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    • 2021
  • This study compared the meat quality characteristics, palatability, and histochemical characteristics of low-marbled Hanwoo and Holstein steers of different beef quality grades (1, 2, and 3). No differences were observed in muscle pH24 h and cooking loss between the groups (p>0.05); however, quality grade 1 of Hanwoo steers (HA1) showed a darker muscle surface compared to grade 1 of Holstein steers (HO1) (30.9 vs. 33.9, p<0.05). The HA2 group exhibited a lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force compared to the HO1 and HO3 groups (60.8 vs. 69.2 and 87.8 N, p<0.001). For sensory quality attributes, steaks from the HA1 group showed higher scores of softness, initial tenderness, and amount of perceptible residue than steaks from the HO1 group (p<0.001). Within the quality grade 2, Hanwoo steers had a higher score of softness compared to Holstein steers (p<0.001). There were no differences in juiciness and flavor intensity between Hanwoo and Holstein steers at the same quality grade (p>0.05). This difference in tenderness attributes between the breeds within the quality grade was associated with morphological traits of muscle bundle, and Hanwoo steers had smaller bundle area (0.37 vs. 0.50 mm2, p<0.05) and higher fiber number per bundle (88.2 vs. 121, p<0.05) compared to Holstein steers. Therefore, bundle characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle can be crucial for explaining factor for the explanation of tenderness variations between different breeds at the same beef quality grade or marbling.

Effects of Feeding Level of Concentrate and Age on the FAS Activities of Adipose Tissues in Hanwoo Steers

  • Choi, S.H.;Song, M.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.1696-1700
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    • 2001
  • An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different feeding levels of concentrate (85, 100 and 115%) and age (15, 18 and 24 month) on fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities in the 4 locations of adipose tissues (intermuscular, ITER; intramuscular, ITRA; kidney, KIDN and subcutaneous, SUBC) of 36 Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) steers. Steers of 100% feeding group were fed the amount of concentrate to meet the daily nutrient requirements, and the steers of second and third groups were fed concentrates at the levels of 85% and 115% of that of control group, respectively, up to 18 month of age. Thereafter, the steers were fed ad libitum up to 24 month of age. Feeding level of concentrates tended to affect the FAS activity of various adipose tissues in Hanwoo steers of each age. The FAS activity of ITER adipose tissue had the decreasing trend as the age of steers advanced while those of ITRA and SUBC adipose tissues had the slightly increasing tendency with age. The FAS activity based on the pooled data increased with the feeding level of concentrates (115%) in which the activities from all 4 adipose depots were higher than those with the lowest (85%) feeding level. Similar trend was observed from the pooled data of feeding level of concentrates by age of steers in which the FAS activities for all 3 ages were increased with feeding levels of concentrates. But the response in the FAS activity to the feeding level varied with age.

Nutrient requirement for maintenance and nutritional changes of the Hanwoo steers in early-fattening stage under heat stress

  • Choi, Chang Weon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.74-83
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    • 2018
  • Four early-fattening Hanwoo steers weighing $247{\pm}13.5kg$ were used within a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to establish a nutrient requirement for maintenance and to investigate nutritional changes in the steers under heat stress condition. The steers were fed four different energy level diets: 100% (control) and 100%, 115% and 130% of total digestible nutrients (TDN) requirement of the early-fattening Hanwoo steers for maintenance based on the Korean Feeding Standard for Hanwoo. The steers in the control were housed with no stress (temperature $24^{\circ}C$ and humidity 60%), whereas the steers in the other groups were under heat stress (temperature $30^{\circ}C$ and humidity 70%). True digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and other nutrients were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by heat stress (i.e., control vs T100). This may be the result of a lower DM intake than that of the Korean feeding standard due to the establishment of the nutrients requirement under heat stress. Heat stress and different energy intake levels did not affect the blood metabolite concentrations. Average daily gain (ADG) for T100 (-69.6 g) was lower than that of the control (-44.6 g, numerically), T115 (44.6 g, p < 0.05) and T130 (83.3 g, p < 0.05), respectively. Based on the ADG and TDN intake, the equation (Y = 0.1814X + 111.5) for the TDN requirement of the early fattening Hanwoo steers for maintenance was calculated, indicating that 11.5% of TDN requirement for maintenance under heat stress may be additionally supplied.

Effects of weaning and castration ages on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers

  • Lim, Hwan;Ahn, Jun Sang;Kim, Min Ji;Son, Gi Hwal;Park, Joong Kook;Shim, Jae Yoon;Kim, Il Young;Kim, Ji Hyung;Cho, Sung Myoun;Kwon, Eung Gi;Shin, Jong Suh;Park, Byung Ki
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.60 no.12
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    • pp.30.1-30.11
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    • 2018
  • Background: Recently, as production costs have been increasing owing to rising feed prices worldwide, shortening the age of slaughter has been recognized as a way to increase farm income. In Korea, the raising period for Hanwoo steers is over 31 months with the delay of weaning and castration stated as one of the reasons for the increase in the raising period. Thus far, studies on age of weaning and castration have been conducted individually, and there have been no studies on the combined effects of weaning and castration ages on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Weaning ages were calculated at 80 or 130 days of age, and castration ages were calculated at 90 days and 180 days of age. Calves were allocated to one of the four treatment groups: W80C90 (weaning at 80 days of age and castration at 90 days of age), W80C180, W130C90, and W130C180. Results: For the entire experimental period, weaning and castration ages did not significantly affect growth performance of Hanwoo steers. In addition, weaning and castration ages did not affect the overall yield and quality traits of carcass in Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Weaning and castration ages had small effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Therefore, the early weaning and castration ages are recommended to reduce the slaughter age without any negative effects on meat quality grade.

Effects of Dietary Addition of Bentonite on Manure Gas Emission, Health, Production, and Meat Characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Steers

  • Lee, Sang-Moo;Kim, Young-Il;Kwak, Wan-Sup
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.23 no.12
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    • pp.1594-1600
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    • 2010
  • A study was conducted to determine the dietary effects of a clay mineral (sodium bentonite, NaB) on manure gas emission, health, production, and meat characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Two diets fed to steers included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw) and a treatment diet (control diet+1.0% clay mineral/concentrate mix). Dietary NaB addition considerably reduced concentrations of gases ($H_2S$, $SO_2$ and $NH_3$) in the manure of Hanwoo steers. Growing steers fed NaB had similar blood profiles with the exception of lower (p<0.05) concentrations of blood alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Dietary NaB addition tended to increase (p = 0.10) live weight by 30 kg at slaughtering and did not affect carcass yield and quality traits. Dietary NaB addition increased concentrations of P (p<0.01), Mg (p<0.01), Na (p<0.01), Zn (p<0.005), K (p = 0.08), Fe (p = 0.08) and Cu (p = 0.07) in the longissimus muscle compared to the control but did not affect (p>0.05) fatty acid composition. The study demonstrated that the dietary addition of a clay mineral could be effective in improving mineral bioavailability to Hanwoo steers, which could be one of the reasons for their improved performance.

Effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers

  • Park, Byung Ki;Lee, Dong Kyo;Ahn, Jun Sang;Park, Joong Kook;Kim, Min Ji;Son, Gi Hwal;Shin, Jong Suh
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.8
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    • pp.1128-1136
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    • 2019
  • Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Twenty-eight steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T0 (0% tapioca residue), T6.7 (6.7% tapioca residue), T9 (9% tapioca residue), and T12 (12% tapioca residue). Results: Supplementation with tapioca residue had no effect on overall growth performance. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Dietary levels of tapioca residue did not affect carcass yield or the quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the longissimus muscle of Hanwoo steers were higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were lower in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with tapioca residue does not exert any negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the intake of concentrate intake decreased, and tapioca supplementation greater than 6.7% did not substantially improved the marbling score.

Sera Taken from Aged Korean Native Steers Increase Adipocyte Differentiation

  • Choi, Chang-Weon
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2011
  • The current study was conducted to investigate effects of sera taken from Hanwoo at different age on adipocyte differentiation. Sera were taken from Korean native (Hanwoo) steers at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age, respectively and supplemented to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after the cells reached confluence and maintained 10 days thereafter. For the first 2 days (48 h), cells were induced to differentiate by addition of differentiation factors, methylisobutylxanthine, daxamethasone, and insulin. After the differentiation, the cells were incubated without differentiation factors except insulin. The cells lost their fibroblastic shape and showed round-up appearances after 10 days incubation with FBS and the sera of Hanwoo steers. Big lipid droplets appeared in the cells cultured with FBS and the sera taken from Hanwoo at 18 and 24 months of age. After 18 months of age, GPDH activity was statistically higher than 6 and/or 12 months of age (P < 0.05). Based on morphology and Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, Hanwoo steers expressed aged-dependent adipogenic activities, indicating that aged sera may result in high adipocyte differentiation. It is concluded that the 18 months of age may be 'threshold' to express major adipogenic activities. This may strongly support previous field studies reporting considerable increase in fat contents of Hanwoo carcass at over 18 months of age.

Change of performance, serum metabolite, and carcass characteristics on high energy diet of Hanwoo steers

  • Jang, Sun Sik;Yang, Seung Hak;Lee, Eun Mi;Kang, Dong Hun;Park, Bo Hye;Kim, Hye Jae;Kwon, Eung Gi;Chung, Ki Yong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.810-817
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of a high-energy diet on the level of serum metabolites and on carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. High energy diets have been used for enhancing intramuscular adipose tissue in high quality beef cattle. However, there is not much information about the physiological reactions to this diet. We hypothesized that a high energy diet would increase blood metabolites and the meat quality of Hanwoo steers during the early and final fattening periods. A $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement (High, Control, and Early, Final) in a completely randomized design was used to feed 24 Hanwoo steers. Two steers were kept in the same pen and 12 pens were used for the experiment. Blood was drawn from each steer on the first week of every other month from 11 to 28 months. Overall Average Daily Gain (ADG) and feed efficiency were not different between high energy and control diets (p > 0.05). However, Dry Matter Intake (DMI greater with the control diet than DMI with the high energy diet during the final fattening period (p < 0.05). Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were greater in the control diet group than in the high energy diet group during the final fattening period (p < 0.05). However, serum albumin, glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and phosphorus were greater in the high energy group than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Carcass traits or physico-chemical characteristics were not different between high energy diet treatment and the control. These data indicated that a high energy diet (+ 3% TDN) increased serum triglyceride during early fattening periods and decreased non-esterified fatty acids during final fattening periods in Hanwoo steers.

Investigation of blood biomarkers related to meat quality and quantity in Hanwoo steers

  • Moon, Yea Hwang;Cho, Woong Ki;Lee, Sung Sill
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1923-1929
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between blood components and carcass traits, and to find the biomarkers related to meat quality and quantity in Hanwoo steers. Methods: One hundred twenty-six Hanwoo steers (8 to 9 months of age, body weight of $185.6{\pm}24.38kg$) were used to find the correlation between blood compositions and carcass traits. The steers were fed concentrate and rice straw (30 steers) or total mixed rations (96 steers) during the whole experimental period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at the growing (8 to 12 months), fattening (13 to 23 months) and finishing phases (24 to 30 months). Steers were slaughtered at 30 to 31 months of age (body weight of $701.6{\pm}60.45kg$) and the carcass traits were evaluated. Blood metabolites and hormones were analyzed and the correlation coefficients and regression equations with carcass traits were determined. Results: Average concentrations of retinol, leptin and insulin were 1.10 IU, 30.34 ng, and 35.35 ng per mL of blood plasma, respectively. Retinol has negative correlations (p<0.01) with insulin and leptin. Blood insulin and total protein decreased with the age of steers, but retinol, aspartic acid transaminase (AST), glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride increased. In the finishing phase, significant (p<0.01) negative correlations occurred between blood retinol content and marbling score, and between blood AST content and longissimus muscle area of 13th rib, and the following regression equations were obtained: Marbling score $(1-9)=-0.009{\times}retinol(IU/100mL)+9.125$ ($R^2=0.643$), Longissimus muscle area $(cm^2)=-0.250{\times}AST(U/L)+112.498$ ($R^2=0.450$). Conclusion: It is possible to make highly marbled beef by controlling the blood retinol content during the fattening and finishing phases of Hanwoo steers. Accordingly, blood retinol and AST could be biomarkers for determining beef quality and quantity, respectively, prior to slaughter.