• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2003

본 연구는 우리나라에서 가축 장내발효에 의한 메탄배출 통계 기반을 구축하기 위해 수행되었다. 메탄 배출량을 추정하기 위해 가축은 소, 돼지, 가금, 면양, 산양으로 대분류하였고, 소는 한우와 젖소로 분류하여 각각 한우 송아지, 한우 비육우, 한우 번식우, 젖소 송아지, 젖소 비육우, 착유우로 세분류하였다. Tier 2 방법에 의한 메탄 배출계수는 각 세분류 집단의 가축의 생산성, 생체중, 도체중, 일당 증체량, 소화율을 근거로 하여 산출되었다. 한우의 배출계수는 39～49kg/head/year 정도로 IPCC에서 제시한 Tier 1의 47kg/head/year과 유사한 수준이었고, 젖소의 배출계수는 107 kg/head/year로 Tier 1 배출계수, 118kg/head/ year 보다 다소 낮게 나타났다. Tier 2 방법으로 추정한 가축 장내발효에 의한 메탄 배출량은 2001년, 총 126.8톤이었고 각 세분류별 메탄 배출량은 한우, 젖소, 돼지, 면양, 산양, 말에서 각각 61.70, 47.76, 13.08, 2.25, 0.17, 0.01 톤으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 온실가스 배출추정 방법으로, Tier 1을 Tier 2로 대체하므로써 우리나라 가축 장내발효에 의한 메탄배출 통계의 정확성과 신뢰성이 개선된 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2005

본 연구는 mt DNA의 D-loop 영역을 probe로 이용한 Southern blot hybridization 분석 기법을 이용하여 한우에서 mt DNA의 RFLP를 분석하고 RFLP marker가 유생산에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 산유량 관련 DNA marker를 개발하고자 수행하였다. Mt DNA의 D-loop 영역내 404번부터 15061까지 1142 bp 크기의 염기 서열 부위를 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 PCR로 증폭하였다. Mt DNA를 HpaII, BamHI, XbaI, HinfI, EcoRI, HindII 및 RsaI 7종류의 제한효소를 이용하여 각각 절단한 후 DIG로 표지된 D-loop probe를 이용하여 검출한 결과 XbaI, RsaI, BamHI 및 HpaII 4종류의 제한효소에서 각각 RFLP 다형성이 검출되었고 EcoRI, HindIII 및 HinfI 3종류 제한효소는 변이가 존재하지 않았다. 다유 계통과 저유 계통 선발 집단간의 각 제한효소별 RFLP type의 출현빈도를 비교한 결과 BamHI 및 RsaI 제한효소에서 두 집단간의 RFLP type의 출현율에 각각 통계적 유의성(P<.05)이 인정되었다. 다유 및 저유성으로 극단의 육종가 값을 갖는 두 계통의 mt DNA D-loop영역의 염기 서열을 비교 분석한 결과 441번째 염기가 G/C, 469번째 염기는 T/C, 503번째 염기는 C/T, 569번째 염기는 G/A, 614번째 염기는 C/A그리고 644번째 염기는 C/T로 각각 염기가 치환되었고 특히, 다유 계통 개체의 677번째의 A염기가 저유 계통 개체에서는 결실되어 있다는 사실이 확인되었다. 한편, 한우 암소의 유생산에 영향을 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 mt DNA RFLP 형과 송아지 이유시 체중, 생시체중 및 비유량을 측정하여 얻어진 육종가의 성적을 근거로 통계 분석한 결과 XbaI 제한효소의 RFLP type이 산유 능력 육종가와 유의적인 관련성이 확인되었다 (P<05). 즉, RFLP A type을 갖는 축군의 평균 육종가 추정치가 6.233으로 B type을 갖는 축군의 평균 육종가 추정치 0.757보다 월등히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 산유량과 관련성이 확인된 mt DNA RFLP type은 한우의 산유량 향상을 위한 DNA marker로 이용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2020

For estimating the prevalence of bovine infectious disease agents, the pathogens were classified as follows: the digestive disease agents, respiratory disease agents, reproductive disease agents, and tick-borne disease agents. This study covered 81 published papers regarding bovine infectious diseases in Korea that determined the presence of diverse pathogens or the antibodies elicited by the infectious agents in cattle from 2010 to 2019. In total, 59,504 cows were involved in the papers reporting the causative agents in their cases. The disease prevalence for the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and tick-borne cases was 9.0%, 13.4%, 10.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Eimeria spp were more significantly prevalent in the cows under one-year age than over one-year age. Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Anaplasma spp. were more significantly prevalent in Hanwoo than dairy cattle. Coxiella burnetii, Neospora caninum, and Theilieria spp. were more significantly prevalent in dairy cattle than Hanwoo. Tick-borne disease agents were more prevalent in cows grazing than the case in housing. Our analytic data obtained from this study emphasize the need for more studies on the occurrence of these pathogens according to the breed, age, and the region, to come up with bovine infectious disease control measures in Korea.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

The present research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of increasing female offspring production ratios using artificial insemination buffer (AIB) before artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, we optimized AIB composition, made an AIB gun and analyze factors affecting AI non-return rate after AIB treatment. The AIB was made with the base of Tris-buffer supplemented with L-arginine and several other chemicals that might reduce the motility of male sperm compared to the female counterpart, therefore, increasing the possibility of fertilization by female sperm. AIB must be deposited into $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ cervix by AIB gun. After 15 min of AIB deposition, frozen semen was deposited into the same place. A total of 348 cattle were inseminated with AIB insemination, and there were no significant differences between AIB and traditional AI non-return rates (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The AI non-return rate in AIB group, however, differed significantly among 7 Hanwoo farms. The parturition numbers ($1^{st}$ to $7^{th}$) of cows did not affect AIB AI rate. The proportion of AIB AI success rates was significantly higher in Hanwoo cows than in dairy cows (61.0% vs. 48.7%), but the average AI success rate did not differ significantly between AIB and conventional AI (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The female offspring production rate in $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ cervix deposition place was significantly higher than that in the uterus body (77.7% vs. 59.6%, p<0.05). The injection volume of AIB in 5 and 10 ml was significantly higher than that in 2 ml (77.7%, 78.7% vs. 51.8%, p<0.05), but there were no differences in AIB injection volume between 5 and 10 ml. The best exposure time of AIB in the cervix was 10 to 15 min rather than 5 min (79.2%, 77.2% vs. 52.6%, p<0.05). AIB therefore needs to have an exposure time of at least over 10 min for a higher production rate of female offspring. In conclusion, AIB could be used in AI industry to increase the female offspring ratio and AIB AI can increase the AI success rate.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

혈통이 등록된 우수한 한우 공란우로부터 회수한 수정란을 간편한 방법으로 성 판별하여 우수한 암송아지를 생산하고자 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 회수한 수정란을 punching 또는 bisection 방법으로 biopsy하여 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification법으로 성 판별하였으며, 암컷으로 예측되는 성 판별 수정란을 6두의 수란우에 이식하여 2두가 임신되었고, 수정란 이식 후 278일과 285일에 정상적인 암컷 송아지를 각각 분만하였다. 분만된 송아지 바란이와 보란이의 생시체중은 각각 18kg 및 25kg이었으며, 90일령 보정체중은 각각 61.1kg 및 88.8kg으로 일당증체량은 0.48kg 및 0.71kg이었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2004

가축에서 생산성을 높이기 위해 사용되는 수정란이식술의 실용성을 알아보기 위하여 한우 및 젖소 36두로부터 과배란 처리를 하여 신선수정란은 25두에, 동결수정란은 17두에, 쌍태 생산을 위한 수정란 두 개 이식은 13두 수란우에 이식되어 그 생산 결과를 조사하였다. 1 과배란을 위한 호르몬 처리후 반응을 나타낸 공란우는 75.0％이었다. 2. 황체수와 비교하여 채란된 수정란 율은 91.8％ 이었다. 3. 비외과적으로 채란된 전체 난자 중 생존성이 있는 배반포는 66.4％이었고, 이식 가능한 배반포는 48.6％이었다. 4. 간이채란법으로 시도된 one-catheter method에 의한 양 자궁 관류성공률은 75.0％이었다. 5. 신선 수정란을 이식후 분만결과에 따른 수태율은 60.0％이었다. 6. 동결수정란을 융해하여 이식후 분만결과에 따른 수태율은 35.3％이었다. 7. 쌍태 생산을 위한 수정란 두 개 이식결과에서 신선수정란 사용시 28.6％, 동결수정란 사용시 16.7％의 쌍태분만을을 나타내었다. 8.수정란 이식 후 생산된 산자에서 수컷의 비율은 56.3％이었다. 9. 수정란 이식 계절에 따른 분만 결과에서 여름에 이식시 가장 낮은 수태율을 나타내었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.397-414
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• 2008

In order to evaluate conception rate of Hanwoo in northwestern region of Gyeongsang-nam-do, we investigated conception rate and reduction of reproductive disorder rate after artificial insemination (AI) in 1,000 heads of breeding cows, This study showed that 80.9% of cows were classified as fertility after 1st and 2nd AI. For a accurate pregnancy diagnosis with practicing ovariectomy and histeotomy, we comparatively investigated each of 80 slaughtered cows, including 30 of non-pregnancy, and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for estimation of plasma progesterone concentration and serum luteal hormone. The mean diameter of non-pregnant corpus luteum is $18.9{\pm}4.2{\times}15.6{\pm}3.6 mm$ and that of pregnant corpus luteum is $22.5{\pm}2.7{\times}18.7{\pm}2.9 mm$. This indicates that corpus luteum is more developed in the ovary of pregnant than non-pregnant cows (P<0.05). The diameter of pregnant corpus luteum according to the stage of pregnancy showed $21.3{\pm}2.4{\pm}18.4{\pm}2.6 mm$ in early stage (1-3 month), $23.4{\pm}2.8{\times}19.1{\pm}2.7 mm$ in middle stage (4-6 month) and $22.8{\pm}3.0{\times}18.8{\pm}2.4mm$, in last stage (7-9 month). This indicates that corpus luteum in middle and last stage is more significantly developed than that of early stage(P<0.05). The mean plasma progesterone concentration of cows showing size of non-pregnant corpus luteum was $4.58{\pm}0.92ng/ml$ and that of pregnant corpus luteum $8.26{\pm}0.98ng/ml$. Thus, it was more significantly increased in pregnant corpus luteum(P<0.02).. However, it was low to $0.58{\pm}0.39ng/ml$. in estrus (corpus albicans). The plasma progesterone concentration according to gestation period was high in proportion to the degree of development in corpus luteum and more significantly increased (P<0.05) and maintained in middle and last state than early state. The concentration was sharply decreased to $0.56{\pm}0.32ng/ml$ at parturition. As a consequence, we can practice the early pregnancy diagnosis by confirming non-pregnancy when the mean plasma progesterone concentration is below 1ng/ml 19 to 22 days after AI and this can be available to diagnose reproductive disorder.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and estimate timing of artificial insemination (AI) in Hanwoo heifer (Korean native cattle) that is the most popular breed of beef cattle in Korea. To determine changes in body weight of heifers around AI, body weight were measured at different stages either before or after AI. We found that daily body weight gain was higher in the pregnant cows after AI. We also investigate correlation between body mass measured by shoulder height and body length, and conception rates, used (body length+ height)2 instead of height2 for body mass index (BMI), and found that relatively more BMI heifers (>55) showed higher conception rates. Finally, we estimated body weight by measuring should height (SH), heart girth (HG), and body length (BL); $BW=3.93372^*HG-2.90985^*SH-0.021^*BL$. In addition, we observed that HG is most closely correlated with BW; $y(BW)=1.77355^*x(HG)$, $R^2=0.98881$. In summary, we can determine the best timing of AI using body measurement and its application including BMI.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.856-865
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties and changes in moisture concentrations of bedding materials under the conditions of rearing Korean Hanwoo cows. Methods: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics (Exp. I) and usefulness as beddings for rearing cattle (Exp. II) by the type of beddings such as sawdust (SD), wood shavings (WS) and sawdust+wood shavings (S+W; 1:1 in volume), and the species of pine trees from different countries of origins (China, Pinus armandii, AR; Vietnam, Pinus kesiya, KE; USA, Pinus rigida, RI). Results: In Exp. I, SD-AR showed the largest proportion (78.3%) of fine particles (250 ㎛+below 250 ㎛) and the highest bulk density (208 kg/㎥) among treatments (p<0.05). The water absorption capacity at 24 h of both S+W-RI (713%) and -KE (701%) was the highest among treatments (p<0.05) and higher than those of SD or WS alone within each species of pine tree (p<0.05). Moisture evaporation rates (%) at 12 h were ranged from 52.3 to 60.8 for SD, 69.9 to 74.4 for WS, and 72.3 to 73.5 for S+W. Total amounts (mg/㎡) of ammonia emissions were the lowest (p<0.05) in KE species among the pine species within each type of bedding material, having higher ability of ammonia absorption. In Exp II, KE species in both side A and B had lower moisture concentrations (%) than other species. Regardless of types of beddings except SD-AR, moisture concentrations of beddings within a pen were higher (p<0.01) at side A than B. Conclusion: The KE species has better physical characteristics than other beddings and more useful for rearing Hanwoo cattle than other beddings, probably caused by the differences in the method and degree of wood processing rather than the species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the thickness of corn flakes produced by pressurized steam chamber (PSC) on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability in Hanwoo and Holstein cows. Corn flakes were treated by PSC, in three groups based on corn flake thickness: < 2.5 mm (T1), 2.5-3.0 mm (T2), and > 3.0 mm (T3). Corn flake thickness significantly influenced pH (p < 0.01) and propionate concentration (p < 0.05) and slightly but not significantly influenced acetate, butyrate, and total-volatile fatty acids (T-VFA) concentrations. The dry matter (DM) degradability increased significantly with a reduction in corn flake thickness (p < 0.01), being significantly greater in T1 and T2 than T3 groups (p < 0.01) and similar between T1 and T2 groups throughout whole incubation time. Also, starch degradability was the lowest in T3 groups than others (p < 0.01). Thus, the present results showed that considering the production efficiency and economic feasibility, the optimal thickness of corn flakes produced in a PSC is recommended to be 2.5-3.0 mm.