• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2001

The effects of light exposure and light intensity on surface color of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef and color stability of fresh normal and DFD (dark, firm, dry) muscles during 7 days at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under three display conditions (Dark, Light1000 and Light3000) were investigated. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, $C^*$ values and R630-R580 were significantly (p<0.05) higher in normal beef than in DFD beef. The $a^*$, $b^*$, $c^*$ values and R630-R580 of normal beef increased during the first day of display except Light3000 group, then gradually decreased over time. The surfaces of Hanwoo beef accumulated more metmyoglobin in the light than in the dark. Also, the rate of decrease in redness during refrigerated storage was enhanced by light exposure and increase in light intensity. Discolorations were more rapid in DFD beef than normal beef. Increasing light intensity promoted not only discoloration but also lipid oxidation. Therefore storage in the dark is effective in retarding the formation of a brown color in Hanwoo beef.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1500-1506
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• 2018

Objective: Although Hanwoo has been selected as the superior commercial beef cattle breed in Korea, Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) is still recognized as a valuable breed for beef production. The aim of this study was to compare the meat quality, fatty acid composition and aroma volatiles of beef from Chikso and Hanwoo steers maintained under identical feed management, as information regarding these characteristics is still limited. Methods: A total of 19 carcasses with a quality grade of 1 were selected, and strip loin (longissimus lumborum) cuts were collected from 11 Hanwoo carcasses and 8 Chikso carcasses. Meat quality and aroma analyses were performed at day four postmortem. Results: Though Hanwoo strip loin tended to have higher fat content (15.37%) than Chikso (12.01%), no significant differences were observed. Meat pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force value, instrumental surface color (Commission International De L'eclairage $L^{\star}$, $a^{\star}$, $b^{\star}$, chroma, and hue angle) and fatty acid composition were not significantly different. Roasted Chikso beef released more intense aroma than roasted Hanwoo beef based on the total area units of identified volatiles. Among identified volatiles, the amounts of toluene, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal were higher in roasted Chikso beef than in roasted Hanwoo beef. In addition, the aroma pattern of the roasted beef from these breeds was well-discriminated by electronic nose. Conclusion: No distinct differences were found in terms of meat quality between Hanwoo and Chikso beef in this study. However, the aroma pattern and volatiles of roasted Hanwoo and Chikso beef were different according to instrumental analysis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.918-922
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• 2010

Due to the large amount of beef imported from the USA to Korea, Korean consumers have become increasingly interested in the country of origin since it can affect market prices. Previously, Bos indicus and Bos taurus-specific markers were developed for the purpose of cattle breed identification, specifically discrimination of Australian beef. In this study, six SNP markers derived from Illumina 50K bovine SNP chip data were used for the discrimination between Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and imported beef from USA. PCR-RFLP genotyping methods were also developed, which indicates that these markers can be applied relatively easily compared to other markers. Taking into account a discrimination rate of 55% based on MC1R marker between Hanwoo and imported beef from USA, two additional markers, SNPs 23803 and 34776, were ideal and resulted in probability of identification of 0.942 and probability of misjudgment of 0.03. Therefore, the markers developed in this study can greatly contribute to the correct discrimination between beef from USA and Hanwoo beef.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2014

The identity of 45 Hanwo and 47 imported beef (non-Hanwoo) samples from USA and Australia were verified using the microsatellite (MS) marker and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) methods. Samples were collected from 19 supermarkets located in the city of Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea, from 2009 to 2011. As a result, we obtained a 100% concordance rate between the MS and SNP methods for identifying Hanwoo and non-Hanwoo beef. The MS method presented a 95% higher individual discriminating value for Hanwoo (97.8%) than for non-Hanwoo (61.7%) beef. For further comparison of the MS and SNP methods, blood samples were collected and tested from 54 Hanwoo ${\times}$ Holstein crossbred cattle (first, second, and third generations). By using the SNP and MS methods, we correctly identified all of the first-generation crossbred cattle as non-Hanwoo; in addition, among the second and third generation crossbreds, the ratio identified as Hanwoo was 20% and 10%, respectively. The MS method used in our study provides more information, but requires sophisticated techniques during each experimental process. By contrast, the SNP method is simple and has a lower error rate. Our results suggest that the MS and SNP methods are useful for discriminating Hanwoo from non-Hanwoo breeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1763-1768
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• 2001

The combined effects of low voltage electrical stimulation (ES) and early short-term temperature conditioning on meat quality of Hanwoo beef (Korean native cattle) during storage were investigated. Shear force was influenced by ES and aging. Combination of ES and the $30^{\circ}C$ conditioning resulted in higher myofibril fragmentation index and improved lightness. There was no substantial difference in drip loss among treatments but ES samples showed higher cooking loss than control. Negative effect on shelf-life was not found by early short-term high temperature conditioning. Therefore, the meat quality of Korean native cattle was effectively improved by the combination of ES and the $30^{\circ}C$ conditioning.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2018

한국 육우의 거의 90%를 차지하는 한우의 역사, 산업 특성 및 소고기 생산을 중심으로 한우의 현안과 미래를 논의했다. 한우산업에 많은 변화가 있었지만 여전히 한우는 한국 소비자에게 최고의 쇠고기 공급원으로서 프리미엄의 위치를 가지고 있다. 다른 농업 기반경제와 비교할 때, 한우 농민의 수는 최근 수십 년 동안 급격히 감소했으며 농장의 규모가 커지고 시스템이 보편화되었다. 수입 소고기와의 차별화, 사료비 증가, 송아지 가격의 증가, 토지 비용의 증가 등 한우산업이 직면 한 어려움을 해쳐나가기 위해서는 보다 젊고 똑똑한 농부들이 필요하다. 기존의 축적된 노하우와 새로운 기술을 잘 접목시켜 한우를 잘 기르는 사람들이 많이 생겨나야 하고 소득을 창출하여야 한다. 우리나라의 발전된 ICT기술과 농민들의 근면함이 잘 융합되어 고급데이터 들이 꾸준히 축적된다면 여러 가지 어려운 상황에서도 새로운 고급육 생산 프로그램을 개발할 수 있고 이를 활용한 원천기술 개발로 지속가능한 한우산업을 유지할 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 기존의 방식과 다르게 변화하고 있는 4차 산업혁명시대에 한국형 정밀축산을 개발하여 축산선진국으로 나아갈 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

Wholesale beef price is the critical factor for determining Korean native cattle, Hanwoo, farm's income in short-term. Wholesale beef price has seasonality due to high demand in Korean traditional holidays such as Korean thanksgiving day and lunar new year's day. Therefore, it is important to make reproduction and marketing plans for Korean Hanwoo farmers, in order to increase their farm income. However, there is no study available on changes in the expected farm income depending on reproduction and marketing schedules. This study analyzed the expected farm income per head depending on the monthly-based marketing schedules. The analysis was conducted based on the seasonality of wholesale beef price, reproduction efficiency, operating costs, relationship between carcass grade and slaughter age. The result shows that slaughter Hanwoo at the age of 29 months-old in August and January generating the highest expected farm income per head.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2005

유전자수준의 염기서열에 근거를 둔 유전자 감식기법을 활용하여 개체간의 유전적 차이로 한우육과 젖소육 혹은 수입육의 구별방법을 개발하기 위한 연구가 많이 수행되었다. 그 중 real-time PCR 판별방법은 기존 PCR의 단점인 허위양성을 배제시켜 그 결과의 신뢰성이 높으며, PCR 산물들의 제한효소에 의한 절단 및 겔에서의 확인 등의 과정을 생략시킬 수 있어 짧은 시간 내에 다량의 시료를 분석할 수 있고 민감도가 높아 쇠고기가 포함된 가공식품의 분석도 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구는 시중에서 한우로 유통되는 쇠고기(생육 또는 양념육)의 DNA를 추출하여 real-time PCR을 통해서 모색유전자의 유전자 형(C-type, C/T-type or T-type)으로 한우육과 젖소육 및 수입육을 구분하였다. 한우육만을 판매한다는 시중 음식점 41개소에서 쇠고기(생육 또는 양념육)를 수거하여 분석한 결과, 분석된 41개의 시료 중 29개가 한우 유전자형으로, 12개의 시료가 젖소 또는 수입육 유전자형으로 판별되었다. 따라서 분석된 시료들의 한우육(T-type) 비율은 $70.1\%$, 그리고 젖소육 또는 수입육 비율은 $29.3\%$(C/T-type; $12.2\%$, C-type; $17.1\%$)이었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1064-1075
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• 2021

Recently, a high level of dietary crude protein (CP) has become of interest as a possible practice to improve the carcass quality of beef cattle, and its level has been increasing in the field. However, there is little scientific evidence that supports this. This study was conducted to test whether a high dietary CP level would improve growth performance, body metabolism, and carcass traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. A total of 32 Hanwoo finishing beef cattle (18 multiparous cows, six heifers, and eight steers) participated in a 12-weeks feeding trial. Two kinds of total mixed rations were prepared to contain two different CP; 156 g/kg for the control (CON) and 173 g/kg of CP for the treatment (HCP), while maintaining a similar level of metabolizable energy. The experiment was ended when more than half of the steers reached the target body weight (730 kg). Blood was collected at the end of the experiment. After harvesting, the carcass trait was evaluated at the slaughterhouse according to Korean standards. The carcass yield score and grade were also calculated based on revised criteria. Overall, dry matter intake, average daily gain, blood metabolites concentration, and the carcass traits, except for backfat thickness and the yield score, did not differ between the treatments. The HCP had lower backfat thickness than those of CON. There was no difference in the carcass yield grade, but the yield score was higher in the HCP treatment. According to the newly revised carcass grading criteria, both yield score and grade were higher in HCP than in CON. Increasing CP supply decreased the carcass's backfat thickness without altering growth performance and body metabolism, resulting in improved yield score and grade. Therefore, feeding a high CP diet may be beneficial in the farm income, although it may also increase feed cost and nitrogen excretion to the environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

In order to distinguish Korean cattle (Hanwoo) beef from the imported beef from Australia in Korean markets, DNA markers based on PCR-RFLP from mitochondrial genes and SRY gene were applied. A total of 2,826 beef samples comprising 1,495 Hanwoo and 1,331 foreign cattle breeds were obtained in Korea. An 801 bp fragment of the SRY gene on the bovine Y chromosome, a 343 bp fragment of ND4 gene and a 528 bp fragment of ND5 gene in the bovine mtDNA were amplified by PCR and digested with three restriction enzymes, MseI, HpyCH4III and Tsp509I, respectively. The results showed that Bos taurus (T) type was the majority in Hanwoo by combining three markers (99.5%). However, 78.2% of Bos indicus (I) type was observed in the imported beef samples. These results indicated that three markers used in this study will be used as valuable markers for discriminating imported beef against Hanwoo.