• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2002

Vitamin E와 selenium의 급여가 거세한우육의 진열저장중 (5$^{\circ}C$, 1,200 lux) 육색안정성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험처리구는 대조구(Vit E 27 IU/head/day, Se 0.09 mg/head/day), Vitamin E 급여구(2,500 IU/head/day), Selenium 급여구(20 mg/head/day), Vitamin E와 Selenium 복합 급여구 (Vit E 2,500 IU/head/day, Se 20 mg/head/day)로 나누어 실험하였다. CIE a*값, chroma값, oxymyoglobin함량(%) 및 R630-R580간은 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며(p<0.05), 특히 대조구가 저장기간이 길어질수록 현저한 감소현상을 보였다. Metmyoglobin(%)의 함량은 저장 전(0일)에는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나(p>0.05) 저장기간이 경과 함으로써 대조구의 metmyoglobin 형성율이 현저하게 증가하여 다른 처리구에 비해 변색이 가속화됨을 알 수 있었다. 지질의 산패 정도를 나타내는 TBARS는 Se구와 Vit E+Se구가 대조구와 Vit E구보다 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 환원력은 저장 전에는 대조구가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 3일 저장시 대조구가 다른 처리구에 비해 현저히 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 selenium 급여구들(Se구, Vit E+Se 구)의 경우 대조구와 vitamin E급여구에 비해 지질산화에 대해 안정성을 가졌으며, 육색이나 육색소에 있어서는 Vit E구, Se구, Vit E+Se구가 대조구보다 저장안정성을 보였으나 이 3가지 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2023

The current study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from beef and pork production and distribution chains in the South Korean meat industry. Data from industrial example farms and slaughterhouses were assessed on the basis of both the guidelines from the United Kingdom's Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050:2011 and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute carbon footprint calculation. The main factors for our estimations were animal feeds, manure waste, transportation, energy and water, refrigerants, and package data. Our analyses show that 16.55 kg CO₂ equivalent (eq) was emitted during the production of 1 kg of live cattle. When retail yields and packing processes were considered, the CO₂-eq of 1 kg of packaged Hanwoo beef was 27.86 kg. As for pigs, emissions from 1 kg of live pigs and packaged pork meat were 2.62 and 12.75 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. While we gathered data from only two farms and slaughterhouses and our findings can therefore not be extrapolated to all meats produced in the South Korean meat industry, they indicate that manure waste is the greatest factor affecting ultimate CO₂ emissions of packaged meats.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.975-985
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• 2021

The sufficient amount of protein supply is crucial for improving the growth performance of growing beef cattle. In addition, due to the improvement in the genetic potential of the carcass weight of Hanwoo steers, dietary protein requirements may be increased during the rapid growth period. Accordingly, the dietary crude protein (CP) level in growing Hanwoo steers has been increasing in the field. However, little scientific evidence is available in relation to this. Therefore, this study was conducted to test whether a higher dietary CP level than convention would improve the growth performance and body metabolism in growing Hanwoo steers. Fifty growing Hanwoo steers were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a commercial diet (CON) or a higher CP (HCP) concentrate mix, provided with a similar level of dietary energy. Tall fescue hay was provided ad libitum. The dietary CP level did not affect growth performance and blood metabolite. Nitrogen intake, predicted nitrogen excretion, and retained nitrogen were higher in the HCP group than in the CON group (p < 0.01). Although there was no difference in the nitrogen utilization efficiency, the growth efficiency per retained nitrogen decreased in the HCP group (p = 0.02). A higher dietary CP level may increase nitrogen retention in growing Hanwoo steers without improving growth performance, which leads to reduced growth efficiency per retained nitrogen. Furthermore, considering the high price of feed protein and increased nitrogen excretion to the environment, a further increase in the protein level may not be sustainable.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.551-569
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• 2024

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the changes in the biochemical characteristics and biological activity of peptide extracts derived from Chickso, Hanwoo, and Wagyu beef during digestion. The results of the in vitro digestion analysis revealed that the digestion rate, total free amino acid content, and antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of Chickso loin and shank myofibrillar proteins were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of Hanwoo and Wagyu loin and shank myofibrillar proteins. Particularly, the peptide extracts of Chickso loin and shank had a high angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. In mice in vivo digestion experiment, the blood serum of mice fed with Chickso loin peptide extract (<10 kDa) showed the highest antioxidant enzyme activity. Thus, Chickso peptide extracts were deemed to be similar or more bioactive than Hanwoo and Wagyu peptide extracts, and can be used as bioactive materials.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.23-23
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• 2017

Recent favor on high quality food and concern on food safety have demonstrated the superiority of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle). In general, the price of cow is higher than those of steer and bull, causing cheating issues in the market. Hence, this study is to discriminate genders of Hanwoo with identification of factors which highly influence gender discrimination based on the big-size deboning data. Totally, there were 31 variables in the deboning data, and we divided into them two categories: data obtained before and after deboning. Discriminant function analysis was then applied into the data to determined the accuracy of gender discrimination in Hanwoo. The result showed that Hanwoo could be classified by gender with 99.2% of accuracy when using all 31 variables. In detail, it was possible to identify 93 of 94 bulls (98.9%), 96 of 96 cows (100%) and 74 of 75 steers (98.7%). The most significant variables was chuck, sirloin, armbone shin, plates, retail and cuts percentage, sequentially. With variables obtainable before deboning, accuracies of classification were 91.5% for bulls, 92.7% for cows, and 89.3% for steers. The most significant variables was water, cold carcass weight and back-fat thickness. The discrimination accuracy was higher with data obtainable after deboning: bulls (98.9%), cows (99.0%) and steers (98.7%). In this case, chuck, sirloin and armbone shin were the factors determined the classification ability. This study showed that Hanwoo can be classified based on deboning data with appropriate statistics, further suggesting weight of cut of beef might be the standard for gender classification.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

Twenty six male Hanwoo (Korean cattle) carcasses were measured for pH, temperature and instrumental color changes of loins during 24 h post-mortem carcass chilling at $4^{\circ}C$ in the cooler. The average internal temperature of loins was about $5^{\circ}C$ after 24 h of chilling, and with the exclusion of those with an ultimate pH>6.0 (dark-cutters), the average pH value was 5.5. When all carcasses were considered for the partial correlation coefficient between color and pH, with the temperature effect excluded, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ seemed to be affected significantly by pH during chilling process (p<0.001). However, when carcasses with dark-cutting condition were excluded, the correlation coefficients were much lower. In contrast, when the partial correlation coefficients between color and temperature, excluding the effect of pH on them, were analyzed, the relationship between color and temperature did not change much after values of DFD (dark, firm, dry) beef were excluded. The results suggested that the known interrelationship of color and pH in chilled beef loins be mainly due to the influence of temperature on pH and color.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate kenaf as a roughage source in vitro and its effects on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native) cattle. Methods: Three roughage materials, rice straw silage, ryegrass silage, and kenaf silage, were tested in a batch culture and feeding trial. Rumen fermentation parameters, including gas, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia were analyzed. In the feeding trial, Hanwoo steers ($373.5{\pm}5.1kg$, n = 36, 11 month of age) were divided into three feeding groups (n = 12 each). Animals were fed with each silage and concentrate until the fattening stage. Results: Crude protein, ether extract, and non-structural carbohydrates were greater in kenaf silage. Total gas production was higher in ryegrass silage, followed by kenaf silage and rice straw silage (p<0.05). Total VFA and individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and n-butyrate) were greater in kenaf silage than rice straw silage (p<0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility showed a similar trend to that of total gas and VFA production; it was higher in ryegrass silage and lower in rice straw (p<0.05). Throughout the feeding trial, the rice straw silage group showed significantly greater average daily gain than did the others (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in the group fed kenaf silage was significantly greater than that of others (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in yield or quality traits, including carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat thickness, and scores for marbling, meat color, and fat color (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that no negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics occurred across treatments. Therefore, kenaf could be substituted for rice straw, which is most widely used as a roughage source in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.920-935
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• 2024

Embryo transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the breeding value of livestock; it has been applied in Hanwoo cattle, which is a popular breed for beef production in Korea. Both in vivo-derived (IVD) and in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos are used for this purpose; however, IVP embryos have been preferred recently owing to advancements in ovum pick-up (OPU) technology and genomic selection. Despite technological advancements, comprehensive data on large-scale OPU/IVEP/embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows are lacking. In this study, 16 elite Hanwoo donor cows were selected on the basis of specific criteria. Oocytes were retrieved from 241 cows using OPU. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized, and cultured in vitro to produce transferable embryos. Embryos were classified according to their developmental stage and then transferred to 675 recipient cows. A total of 3,317 COCs were collected, with an average of 13.76 COCs per cow. The number of transferable embryos produced per cow was 3.7. Hanwoo OPU-derived IVP embryos exhibited a higher production yield than the global average, indicating a stable IVEP environment. Both fresh and frozen IVP embryos yielded similar conception rates; hence, the use of vitrified-thawed embryos in transfer plans feasible. However, frozen-thawed embryos at Stage 7 had a lower conception rate than those at earlier stages. There was no significant difference between the conception rates of sexually mature heifers and postpartum cows used as recipients. The male-to-female offspring ratio increased as the developmental stage progressed. Seasonal effects on conception rates were not observed; however, higher abortion rates and a higher proportion of male offspring were observed during winter. This study provides valuable data for the Korean embryo transfer industry, enabling more strategic growth of the domestic Hanwoo embryo industry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

각각 다른 성장기의 한우 등심에서 추출한 단백질을 이차원 전기영동법으로 분리하여 젤 상의 단백질 전개 양상을 비교하였다. 성장 0, 6, 12, 24 개월령의 한우 등심 단백질들을 길이 16 cm 튜브젤에서 등전점에 따라 분리하고, 이차원적으로 $18{\times}20$ cm, 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동 하여 단백질을 분리하였다. 등전점 3.0에서 9.0 그리고 분자량 15,000에서 100,000 Da 사이의 단백질들이 분리되어 Silver 염색법으로 명확히 구분할 수 있었다. 흥미롭게, 성장과정에서 단백질 발현이 증가했거나 감소한 단백질들은 저분자 단백질들 이었다. 성장 과정 중 증가된 단백질들을 분리하기 위해 수용성 단백질들을 조직으로부터 1% Triton X-100 으로 추출하였다. 그리고 이를 30%와 50% 황산암모니아로 분획하였다. 이와 같이하여 각 단백질들의 분리조건을 결정하였다. 이들 조건을 이용하여 발현이 증가된 단백질들을 분리하고 PVDF membrane에 옮겨서 아미노산 서열을 결정하여 단백질을 규명하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.380-393
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the blood lipid profiles, fatty acid composition, and lipogenic enzyme activities in rat adipose tissues as affected by the Angus beef fat (ABF) and Hanwoo beef fat (HBF) containing high oleic acid (OA) content. We assigned 60 Sprague Dawley rats with a mean bodyweight of 249 ± 3.04 g to three groups (n = 20 each) to receive diets containing 7% coconut oil (CON), 7% ABF, or 7% HBF. The OA content was highest in the HBF (45.23%) followed by ABF (39.51%) and CON (6.10%). The final body weight of the HBF-fed group was significantly increased, probably due to increased feed intake, indicating the palatability of the diet. The HBF and ABF significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), decreased triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and also tended to attenuate glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in the bloodstream of the rats compared to CON. As compared to CON, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids were significantly lower, and those of OA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly higher in the adipose tissues of HBF and ABF-fed groups. The HBF and ABF also reduced lipogenesis as induced by depleted fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in rat adipose tissues. Nevertheless, between the two fats, HBF showed high feed intake due to its high palatability but reduced lipogenic enzyme activity, specifically that of FAS, and increased HDL-C, decreased TC and TG levels in the bloodstream, reduced saturated fatty acids (SFA), and increased oleic and ALA contents in rat adipose tissues indicating that HBF consumption does not pose significant risks of cardiovascular disease.