• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.581-585
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• 2016

최근 고령화 사회에 진입과 소득수준이 향상됨에 따라 의료 수요가 빠르게 증가되고 있다. 이중 신약 개발은 의료분야의 핵심 분야 중 하나로 전 세계적으로 많은 투자가 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 신약 개발의 중요한 과제 중 하나는 다양한 후보를 빠르고 정확하게 발굴하는 자동화 시스템을 개발하는 것이다. 고속으로 후보물질을 발굴하는 기술 중 대표적 기술이 세포 기반 고집적 스크리닝 시스템(High Contents Screening, 이하 HCS) 기술이다. 이 HCS 시스템에서 다양한 물질을 한꺼번에 스크리닝하기 위해서는 다기능 고정밀 디스팬서 제작이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 HCS 디스팬서 시스템이 가지고 있는 단점을 보완하기 위해 에어건과 압력 구동식 펌프를 이용한 새로운 컨셉의 비접촉식 디스팬서를 개발하고 그 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.408-412
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• 1998

In order to illustrate the role of conidia of Mycosphaerella nawae as a secondary inoculum in nature, pseudothecial development on persimmon leaves was investigated microscopically. The fungal ascospores have been believed as the primary or only inoculum source in nature, however, pseudothecia were readily formed on persimmon leaves infected naturally and artificially by conidia. The pseudothecia of M. nawae were found to form in the tissues of infected leaves while the leaves were still hanging on the trees. The size of pseudothecia were approximately 51.0~122.4$\times$51.0~112.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (82.8 $\times$72.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$in average), the shapes were spherical, ovoid or occidental pear type. The sizes of asci were approximately 30.6~61.2$\times$8.2~10.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(46.6$\times$9.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in average) and the shapes were cylinder or banana. The ascospores were mostly spindle type, and the sizes were 10.2~12.2$\times$3.1~4.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (11.4$\times$3.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in average)-like. The pseudothecial formation was initiated before defoliation and morphological characteristics of the pseudothecia, ascus and ascospores on the infected leaves were fully illustrated in this study. Results indicated that conidia of M. nawae induce circular leaf spot of persimmon as much as ascospores, and might play an important role of the disease epidemics in nature.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.114-118
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• 1999

Backgrouds: Cervical epidural blocks were used as part of a comprehensive multimodal treatment program for patients with chronic pain in the head, neck and upper extremities. The depth of the epidural space beneth the skin surface varies at different levels of the spinal column in the same patient. It also varies from patient to patient at the same vertebral level. We studied the distance the skin to the cervical epidural space in adults patients at different intervertebral spaces. Methods: Date were gathered from 628 patients having cervical epidural block for relief of cervical and upper extrimity pain. All blocks were performed using hanging drop method after loss of resistance with saline at C5-6, C6-7, C7-T1 intervertebral space. Results: Mean distances for skin to cervical epidural space (DSES) were 5.42 cm, 5.06 cm, 4.68 cm in male, 5.00 cm, 4.61 cm, 4.10 cm in female at C7-T1, C6-7, C5-6 intervertebral space. DSES correlated with body weight, neck circumference and body mass index significantly. Conclusion: In the cervical spine, DSES varies from space to space. The longest DSES were noted at C7-T1 level in male, and the shortest DSES were at C5-6 in female. DSES has significant relationships with weight, neck circumference and body mass index.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate effects of the length of the buoy and sand bag line on the loss of webfoot octopus pot. A numerical modeling and simulation was carried out to analyze the process that the pot gear affected by wave using the mass spring model. Through the simulation, tensions of sand bag line under various condition were investigated by length of buoy and sand bag line. The drag force and coefficient k of an artificial shell used in the webfoot octopus pot was obtained from an experiment in a circular water channel, and the coefficient k was applied to the simulation. To verify the accuracy of the simulation model, a simple test was conducted into measuring a rope tension of a hanging shell under flow. Then, the test result was compared with the simulation. The lengths of the buoy line in the simulation were 1.12, 1.41, 1.80, 2.23, 2.69, and 3.17 times of water depth. The lengths of sand bag line were 10, 20, 30, and 40 meters, and conditions of water depth were 8, 15, 22 meters. 4 meter height and 8 second period of wave were applied to all simulations. As a results, the tension of the sand bag line was decreased as the buoy and sand bag line were increased. The minimum tension of the sand bag line was appeared in conditions that the length of the buoy line is twice of water depth and the sand bag line length is over 40 meters (except in case of depth 8 meters.).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1363-1386
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• 2015

The October 23 2011 Van Earthquake is studied from an earthquake engineering point of view. Strong ground motion processing was performed to investigate features of the earthquake source, forward directivity effects during the rupture process as well as local site effects. Strong motion characteristics were investigated in terms of peak ground motion and spectral acceleration values. Directiviy effects were discussed in detail via elastic response spectra and wide band spectograms to see the high frequency energy distributions. Source parameters and slip distribution results of the earthquake which had been proposed by different researchers were summarized. Influence of the source parameters on structural response were shown by comparing elastic response spectra of Muradiye synthetic records which were performed by broadband strong motion simulations of the earthquake. It has been emphasized that characteristics of the earthquake rupture dynamics and their effects on structural design might be investigated from a multidisciplinary point of view. Seismotectonic calculations (e.g., slip pattern, rupture velocity) may be extended relating different engineering parameters (e.g., interstorey drifts, spectral accelerations) across different disciplines while using code based seismic design approaches. Current state of the art building codes still far from fully reflecting earthquake source related parameters into design rules. Some of those deficiencies and recent efforts to overcome these problems were also mentioned. Next generation ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) may be incorporated with certain site categories for site effects. Likewise in the 2011 Van Earthquake, Reverse/Oblique earthquakes indicate that GMPEs need to be feasible to a wider range of magnitudes and distances in engineering practice. Due to the reverse faulting with large slip and dip angles, vertical displacements along with directivity and fault normal effects might significantly affect the engineering structures. Main reason of excessive damage in the town of Erciş can be attributed to these factors. Such effects should be considered in advance through the establishment of vertical design spectra and effects might be incorporated in the available GMPEs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 1994

1.000%(w/v)텅스텐 메트릭스 중에 미량불순물로 존재하는 아연, 카드뮴, 납 및 구리의 동시정량을 펄스차이 벗김전압전류법으로 검토하였다. 지지전해질로는 타르타르산(pH=5.00)을 사용하였다. 사전 농축은 -1.2 volt(vs. Ag/AgCl)에서 3분간이면 충분하였다. 1.000%(w/v)텅스텐 매트릭스 중에서 아연, 카드뮴, 납 및 구리 각 원소의 동시 정량이 가능한 직선 범위는 10 ~ 50 ppb였으며, 3${\sigma}$검출한계는 각각 1.25, 1.02, 1.69, 1.02ppb 로 나타났다. 이 결과는 텅스텐 매트릭스하에서 ICP-AES의 검출한계인 8.0, 5.0, 120, 5 ppb 결과와 비교하여 볼때, 본 방법이 보다 우수한 미량분석방법임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1978

The growing behavior of Candida albicans in various concentration of glucose and corticosteroid media was studied with the method of modified hanging slide culture. The strains of Candida albicans used in this study were obtained from vaginal swab from outpatients and were isolated from cultured colonies on Sabouraud's glucose agar media. To detect the budding rate of blastospore, the diluted suspension of Candida albicans in normal saline were inoculated into various concentration of glucose (Gl, G2, G3, G4), corticosteroid (S1, S2, S3, S4) and corticosteroid with 10% pepton broth (D1, D2, D3, D4) respectively and cultured at room temperature $(22{\sim}25^{\circ}C)$. The number of budding of blastospore were counted under the high power field of light microscope (400X) at specific time interval, e.g, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 hours after inoculation. The results are as following: 1. The most effective budding rate was seen in G4 media (1.25% glucose) in 18 hours aft inoculation (89%). 2. The budding rate in Sabouraud's glucose broth with various concentration of dexamethasone added, was not significantly different from that of simple Sabouraud's glucose broth within 18 hours after inoculation, but there was statistically. significant difference in two budding rate at 24 hours observation. 3. The budding rate in 10% pepton broth media with various concentration of dexamethasone was almost same budding rate in control group, which is normal saline and 10% pepton broth, except on 2 and 24 hours results.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.627-643
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• 2015

Negative stiffness, previously emulated by active or semi-active control for cable vibration mitigation, is realized passively using a self-contained highly compressed spring, the negative stiffness device (NSD).The NSD installed in parallel with a viscous damper (VD) in the vicinity of cable anchorage, enables increment of damper deformation during cable vibrations and hence increases the attainable cable damping. Considering the small cable displacement at the damper location, even with the weakening device, the force provided by the NSD-VD assembly is approximately linear. Complex frequency analysis has thus been conducted to evaluate the damping effect of the assembly on the cable; the displacement-dependent negative stiffness is further accounted by numerical analysis, validating the accuracy of the linear approximation for practical ranges of cable and NSD configurations. The NSD is confirmed to be a practical and cost-effective solution to improve the modal damping of a cable provided by an external damper, especially for super-long cables where the damper location is particularly limited. Moreover, mathematically, a linear negative stiffness and viscous damping assembly has proven capability to represent active or semi-active control for simplified cable vibration analysis as reported in the literature, while in these studies only the assembly located near cable anchorage has been addressed. It is of considerable interest to understand the general characteristics of a cable with the assembly relieving the location restriction, since it is quite practical to have an active controller installed at arbitrary location along the cable span such as by hanging an active tuned mass damper. In this paper the cable frequency variations and damping evolutions with respect to the arbitrary assembly location are then evaluated and compared to those of a taut cable with a viscous damper at arbitrary location, and novel frequency shifts are observed. The characterized complex frequencies presented in this paper can be used for preliminary damping effect evaluation of an adaptive passive or semi-active or active device for cable vibration control.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.2126-2134
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• 2020

Background: Therapeutic climbing training, which originated in Germany, is a wall-hanging rock climbing-based therapy to increase the body's coordination through movement of the upper and lower limbs against gravity. However, there are no studies examining the effectiveness of therapeutic climbing training to treat balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Objectives: To investigate therapeutic climbing training program on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: Pretest-posttest control group design. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke participated. Participants were randomized into the therapeutic climbing training group (TCTG, n=7) and the standard rehabilitation program group (SRPG, n=7) group. All subjects participated in the same standard rehabilitation program consisting of 60 minutes 5 times a week for 6 weeks. TCTG participated additionally in the therapeutic climbing program consisting of 30 minutes sessions 3 times a week for the same 6 weeks. Berg balance scale (BBS), Gaitview Measure, Timed up and go test (TUG) were measured. Results: In the TCTG, revealed a statistical difference in BBS between the groups; in the difference of plantar pressure ratio in the static standing position revealed a statistical difference between the groups after training; the balance ability in the one-leg standing tests increased significantly; the time in TUG decreased significantly after training in both groups; The changes in the difference of dynamic plantar pressure ratio were reduced significantly in the TCTG. Conclusion: Therapeutic climbing training contribute to improve balance and walking function in patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Objective: This study tried to examine the muscle activity of the neck and trunk according to head posture changes during use of laptops. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included nineteen young men and women. All subjects maintained each posture while practice typing on laptops for ten minutes with a 5-minute break between each posture. For the neutral head posture, the subjects practiced typing while pulling their chins down towards the Adam's apple and were able to look at their knees while having their external auditory meatus, acromion, and greater trochanter vertical to the ground. For the natural head posture, they practiced typing while balancing their posture between extension and flexion of the cervical vertebrae by themselves without any guidelines. While a forward head posture was created by having their heads face the front horizontal to the rope hanging from the ceiling, they practiced typing with their external auditory meatus located in the place which was 5 cm in front of the vertical plane. The subjects used general word process but practiced typing with accuracy and high speed. Muscle activities were randomly measured using surface electromyography according to each postures. Results: The research result had found that muscle activity with the natural head posture was more significantly reduced than that of the forward head posture in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscles (p<0.05) and that the neutral head posture was more significantly reduced than that of forward head posture in the upper trapezius, cervical vertebral spinae, and thoracic vertebrae spinae muscle activity (p<0.05) with significant increases in lumbar spinae muscle activity (p<0.05). Also, muscle activity with the neutral head posture significantly increased more in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lumbar spinae than that of the natural posture (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that in order to prevent musculoskeletal pain, the neutral head posture with use of laptops is effective in reducing load to the shoulders and vitalizing the postural muscles.