• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to exploring the procedure of developing hands-on activity and provide the generalized development procedure adjusted for the technology subject. The research method for this study is mainly based on document and experience. exploration of hands-on activity and development procedure of hands-on activity given by preceded researchers and the common factor was derived from them. For the result of the study. first. the concept of experience and hands-on activity was examined and the procedure of developing hands-on activity in technology education was reviewed. Second. suggested 3 steps for the procedure of developing hands-on activity in technology education ; preparation. development. improvement and the detailed steps. Third. presented contents included for hands-on activity task materials. For the teachers. those are ; hands-on activity subject. readings before the class. object for the course class. main activity in class courses. material. tools and facility. design brief. reference data. score sheet. detailed class process. For the students. those are; subject for class. matters to be attended to. portfolio and etc.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.175-195
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• 2015

This study is aimed at exploring the educational meaning of cooperative hands-on activity in the technology subject from the perspective of a student who is an education consumer. For this purpose, this study selected 12 first year student of a middle school located at G City of Gyeonggi-do Province as research participants through purposeful sampling, and conducted an in-depth interview and group discussion based on stimulated recall questionary techniques. This study utilized area analysis, classification analysis and component analysis as a data analysis method, and secured the verity of the research through the examination between research participants and triangulation. As a result of this research work, it was found that the cooperative hands-on class in the technology subject had the meaning of 'Space between a burden and excitement about the technical making', 'Clue and ignition point of technological problem solving', and 'Self-discovery through Technical capability'. To be more concrete, 'Space between a burden and excitement about the technical making' means that students, whose usual school record is excellent, felt great psychological burdens of performance assessment, but their pre-experience and interest in 'Making' induced them to feel exhilaration of hands-on activity. 'Clue and ignition point of technological problem solving' means that students get to make much of the understanding & formation of the relationship with teammates in the process of resolving an unfamiliar hands-on activity task and to have the continuous problem-solving ability. 'Self-discovery through Technical capability' means that students get to realize the importance of learning experience of one's own making through hands-on activity learning, which could be the opportunity to meet the operant demands of the inner side. This study hopes that such results could be utilized as the basic data needed for designing the hands-on activity education in the technology subject more meaningfully and systematically for the time to come.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare one-hand and two-hands lowering activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lowering heights from knuckle height to 10cm above floor level. Background: Even though two-hands lifting/lowering activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting/lowering are also very common at the industrial site and forestry and farming. Method: Eight male subjects were asked to perform lowering tasks using both a one-handed as well as a two-handed lowering technique. Trunk muscle electromyographic activity was recorded while the subjects performed the lowering tasks. This information was used as input to an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model that predicted spinal loading in three dimensions. Results: It was shown that for the left-hand lowering tasks, the values of moment, lateral shear force, A-P shear force, and compressive force were increased by the average 6%, as the workload was increased twice from 7.5kg to 15kg. For the right-hand lowering task, these were increased by the average 17%. For the two-hands lowering tasks, these were increased by the average 14%. Conclusion: Even though the effect of workload on the biomechanical stress for both one-hand and two-hands lowering tasks is not so significant for the workload less than 15kg, it can be claimed that the biomechanical stress for one-hand lowering is greater than for two-hands lowering tasks. Therefore, it can be concluded that asymmetrical lowering posture would give greater influence on the biomechanical stress than the workload effect for one-hand lowering activity. Application: The result of this study may be used to provide guidelines of recommended safe weights for tasks involved in one-hand lowering activity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.597-603
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare one-hand and two-hands lifting activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lifting heights from 10cm above floor level to knuckle height. Background: Even though two-hands lifting activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting are also very common at the industrial site and forestry and farming. Method: Eight male subjects were asked to perform lifting tasks using both a one-handed as well as a two-handed lifting technique. Trunk muscle electromyographic activity was recorded while the subjects performed the lifting tasks. This information was used as input to an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model that predicted spinal loading in three dimensions. Results: It was shown that for the left-hand lifting tasks, the values of moment, lateral shear force, A-P shear force, and compressive force were increased by the average 43%, as the workload was increased twice from 7.5kg to 15.0kg. For the right-hand lifting task, these were increased by the average 34%. For the two-hands lifting tasks, these were increased by the average 25%. The lateral shear forces at L5/S1 of one-hand lifting tasks, notwithstanding the half of the workload of two-hands lifting tasks, were very high in the 300~317% of the one of two-hands lifting tasks. The moments at L5/S1 of one-hand lifting tasks were 126~166% of the one of two-hands lifting tasks. Conclusion: It is concluded that the effect of workload for one-hand lifting is greater than two-hands lifting. It can also be concluded that asymmetrical effect of one-hand lifting is much greater than workload effect. Application: The results of this study can be used to provide guidelines of recommended safe weights for tasks involved in one-hand lifting activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Even though two-hands lifting/lowering activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting/lowering are also very common at the industrial site, forestry, farming, and daily life. The objective of this study was to compare one-hand lowering activity to lifting activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lowering heights from knuckle height to 10cm above floor level with two workload 7.5kg and 15.0kg. Eight male subjects with LMM were asked to perform lifting/lowering tasks using both a one-handed (left-hand and right-hand) as well as a two-handed technique. Spinal loading was estimated through an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model. The biomechanical stress of one-hand lowering activity was shown to be 43% lower than that of one-hand lifting activity. It was claimed that the biomechanical stress for one-hand lifting/lowering activity is almost twice (194%) of the one for two-hands lifting/lowering activity. It was also found that biomechanical stress by one-hand lowering/lifting activity with the half workload of two-hands lowering/lifting activity was greater than that of the two-hands lowering/lifting activity. Therefore, it might be a risk to consider the RWL of one-hand lowering/lifting activity to simply be a half of the RWL of two-hands lowering/lifting activity recommended by NIOSH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study investigated the neurophysiological and behavioral adaptation during one or both hands movement in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: The study included sixteen hemiplegic stroke patients. Neurophysiological data (brain activation and muscle activation) were examined by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), and behavioral adaptation was examined by wrist extension angle during wrist extension with one hand or both hands. Outcome variables of one hand or both hands were; mu rhythm of the EEG, EMG amplitude of wrist extensor and flexor muscles, and wrist angle of Myomotion 3D motion analysis. RESULTS: Our results revealed that wrist extension angle was significant increased during both hands movement compared to one hand movement (p<.05). Furthermore, in affected sensorimotor area, there was significant increase in the brain activation during both hands movement compared to one hand movement (p<.05). However, there was no significant different between one hand and both hands movement in muscle activation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this experiment, bilateral arm movement improved brain activity on affected sensorimotor area and wrist extension angle. Therefore, we suggest that bilateral arm movement would positive effect on stroke rehabilitation in terms of increase in brain activation on affected motor area and wrist extension during bilateral arm movement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study is an interval palmar width according to change of muscle activation under push-up movement. Methods：Three, this study participation normal young adult (male 3, mean age ; 24yaers). The subject performed maximum contraction under push-up movement. EMG activaty patterns is measured with three different width. The EMG activity of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi were measured using surface electromyography. Results：EMG activation of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi following of push-up was shown significant difference(p<.05). Also, experiment value was agree with calculation value and width of shoulder position was minimum of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle activity. Conslusion：RMS values in case of fretum and wide width of the hands on Latissimus Dorsi are shown muscle activity $132{\mu}V$ and $173.5{\mu}V$, respectively. Especialy, RMS value in terms of wide width of the hands on muscles is shown very enhanced muscle activity. It is suggest that interval palmar width of the hands on pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi in push-up movement was effective to intensify of the muscle activity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2009

The total of 181 students in Seoul were made up questions to analysis hand washing awareness from 2007 to 2008. And their hands were sampled to isolate Staphylococcus aureus for testing antibiotic resistance. The average of hand washing frequency was $2.8{\pm}2.6$ per day in their schools. The rates of the students washing hands before eating food, after outdoor activity and after using bathroom were 22.2%, 24.4% and 49.4%, respectively. The rate of students washing hand less than 20 seconds was 64.4%. The students of 43.3% answered that they thought they were washing hands well. The middle school students were worse than elementary and high school students were aware of the frequency, duration and activity of hand washing. The isolation rate of S. aureus on the hands was 29.4%. The isolates were resitant to ampicillin (28.6%), chloramphenicol (6.1%), erythromycin (31.0%), gentamycin (2.0%), penicillin (79.6%) and tetracycline (6.1%) of 17 antibiotics tested. They were all sensitive to oxacillin and vancomycin.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.66-84
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop STEAM hand-on activity task for middle school manufacturing & automation unit. This study was conducted following three stages. First of all, I carried out documents research and requirements analysis. And the goals for STEAM hand-on activity were set at this stage. Second, topics for STEAM hand-on activity were selected, and the organized for designing hand-on activity related STEAM in the development step. Finally, pilot and field test were conducted in order to amend and/or complement in improvement step. The theme and/or title of the hand-on activities were 'Making the print using wood', 'Making the close up photography & telephoto lens for smart phone'. The STEAM hand-on activities were designed for ten hours for each subject respectively. Each hand-on activity consists of problem situation, objectives statement, materials and tools, an evaluating criteria, related knowledge, portfolio and so on.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the connection between handwashing and toothbrushing, focusing on eating habits, and to verify whether eating habits can be used as an action cue for forming health habits. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2019 community health survey. The participants included 229,099 adults aged 19 years or older, representative of the South Korean people. We employed two dependent variables: one was washing hands, and the other was brushing teeth. Eating habits was a major independent variable. Socioeconomic variables, such as age, gender, income, occupation, economic activity, education, and residence were adjusted as confounders. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Most of the participants had good health behaviors: those who wash their hands and brush their teeth were each approximately 80%. Our finding indicated that brushing teeth and washing hands can be connected with eating habits. After adjusting for confounders, it was found that people who wash their hands before meals (compared to those who did not wash their hands before meals) had a higher toothbrushing rate after meals (i.e., socioeconomic status) (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.0, Confidence Intervals: 1.9 to 2.1). Conclusion: Those who practice either washing hands before meals or brushing teeth after meals were found to have a connection between washing hands and brushing teeth based on the results of practicing other health behaviors. This implies that eating habits can be connected as a behavior cue to promote health habits, such as washing hands before meals and brushing teeth after meals.