• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify behavioral items for Korean infants under 24months by naturalistic observation. These items will be the basis for developmental scale for Korean infants. Method: Data were collected by observing and interviewing fifty one infants and their mothers during the period from November 15 to December 14, 2003. Raw data in descriptive form were obtained by unstructured naturalistic observation, and were reformed to behavioral items through discussion with professors in pediatric nursing and experienced nurses in child care department. Also, behavioral items were classified into five developmental areas. Result: Total number of behavioral items was two hundreds and thirty eight. 52 items for motor development, 66 items for personal-social, 40 items for hearing and speech, 41 items for eye-hand coordination, and 39 items for performance. Conclusion: This is meaningful that fundamental items for Korean developmental scale for infants were identified by observing behaviors of Korean infants. On the basis of these items, average age will be calculated for passing each item by testing Korean infants. We hope to develop Korean infant developmental scale as a final outcome in the future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

In this driving simulation study, the impairing effects of various types of electronic devices usage(i. e., destination search by using in-vehicle navigation system, TV watching and dialing cellular phone) during driving on front-to-rear-end collision avoidance were investigated. Percentage of collisions, driving speeds when the drivers collided, and initial reaction time for collision avoidance were analyzed and compared as the dependent measures. The results indicated that (1) any types of electronic devices usage during driving induced more serious collision-related impairment than control condition where no additional task was required, and (2) in general, destination search task appeared to impair drivers collision avoidance performance more than the other task requirements in terms of percentage of collisions and initial reaction time for collision avoidance, but TV watching induced most serious collision impact. These results suggested that any types of electronic device usage could distract drivers attention from the primary task of driving, and be resulted in serious outcome in potentially risky situation of front-to-rear-end collision. In particular, mandatory use of eye-hand coordination and receiving feedback seemed to one of essential factor leading the drivers visual attentional distraction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2011

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanidine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), enzyme to recycle purines. Case history: born induced vaginal delivery at 40 weeks complicated by premature membrane ruputure, body weight 2.820 gm. He showed failure to thrive showing severe protein aversion like milk products and pink daper. Developmental delay revealing rolling over at 10.5 month, followed by regression. Seizure at 2 months, His poor oral feeding was lifelong problem. Weak crying, spastic, choreoathetoid movement. Self mutilating behavior noted and diagnosed at age 3 years. No family history of consanguinity and neurological disorders. Method: Laboratory test, physical exam, imaging study and molecular. Clinical follow up Treat ment with allopurinol. Result: uric acid 10.5 mg/dL (N 3.5-7.9), APRT 151.1uM/ min/ml pro(25.7-101), HPRT 7.6 (N 233.5-701) and c.151C>T hemizygote (p,Arg51X). Abdominal sonogram showed staghorn calculi in both kidneys, brain MRI brain atrophy. Clinical follow up showed, seizure at 2 mo, developmental delay (head control and, rolling over at at 11mo, pointing body part at 2 yr 7 mo, eye hand coordination at 2 y 11mo,creeping at 3 y 7 mo, speaking words at 6 y 6 mo ),and developmental regression at 3 yr of age. Sleeping problem including insomnia and severe constipation. Self mutilating behavior (lip bite) started at 2.5 yr, neurologic sx including intermittent upward gaze accompanied by swallowing difficulty at 3 y 7 mo grand mal seizure at 4.5 yr and spastic extremity and trunchal hypotonia and choleoathetoid movement and ataxia at 6.5 yr. Scoliosis with severe spasticity at 9 yr 9 mo. Acute life threatening episode with irregular breathing at 9 yr and 9 mo, Emaciation and nephrolithiasis and recurrent pneumonia. Died suddenly at 10 yr 3 mo. Conclusion: life long feeding problem, chronic gut motility dysfunction, sleeping difficulty and progressing neurologic deterioration and nephrolithiasis despite normal serum uric acid maintence by allopurinol treatment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.2 s.38
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• pp.141-147
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• 1992

This study was carried out not only to determine blood alcohol levels by time but also to examine the changes of working ability and reaction speed after ingestion of alcohol. Fifteen healthy students aged from 21 to 27 volunteered as subjects for this study, Liguor (Sojoo) in concentration of 25% ethyl alcohol was administrated with the amount of 1ml of ethyl alcohol per kg of body weight to the subjects. The concentration of alcohol in the blood were determined by the 'Alcohol Sensor 100' at 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the administration of alcohol. Also, the choice reactiontest, the eye-hand coordination test and kraepelin test were examined at the same time after checking of alcohol concentration in the blood. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Mean blood alcohol level changes resulting from administration of 1ml of ethyl alcohol per kg of body weight were $0.16%(160{\pm}57mg/100ml,\;0.10%(100{\pm}42mg/100ml),\;0.08%(80{\pm}36mg/100ml)\;and\;0.03%(30{\pm}24mg/100ml)$ at the 3, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the administration respectively The peak in the concentration of blood alcohol was 5 miniutes after the ingestion according to alcohol examination by the respiration. 2. As for choice reaction test, reaction times became prolonged as blood alcohol levels increased. The reaction time showed a significant changes when the blood alcohol concentration reached 0.08% or more after alcohol ingestion. 3. In eye and hand coordination test, the accuracy of the performance became decreased as blood alcohol levels increased. The difference of accuracy of the test was significantly shown when alcohol levels in the blood reached 0.08% or more after alcohol intake. 4. As for kraepelin test, the abilities of calculation also became lowered as blood alcohol levels increased. The abilities of calculation differed signigicantly from control group when alchool levels of 0.08% and more.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.229-248
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to draw guidelines on how to select traditional games that would efficiently help and develop multiple intelligences in children. Guidelines standard of section inquiries were prepared through a Delphi survey targeting twenty experts in early childhood education and traditional games. As a result, linguistic intelligence questions regarding writing, listening, speaking and vocabulary acquisition were selected. logical-mathematical intelligence questions regarding strategy, counting, patterns, hypothesis, verification, and comparing, contrasting, calculating ability were selected. Spatial intelligence questions regarding drawing, coloring, representation activities, operating and creating were selected, physical performance intelligence questions regarding global muscles, eye-hand coordination, flexibility, accommodation force, balance, agility and muscular strength were selected. Musical intelligence included questions about singing, and playing musical instruments. Interpersonal intelligence included perspective-taking, role-sharing, cooperation and discussion. For intrapersonal intelligence questions regarding personal significance-ties, planning-decision making, emotional expression and problem solving were selected. Finally, in relation to naturalist intelligence, questions regarding living organisms, inanimate objects and seasons were selected. In addition, traditional games were analyzed based on the finalized guidelines, and the results showed that each of the traditional games would not only work with one intelligence at a time but with other different intelligence as well. In the light of that, the study confirmed the validity of the guidelines on how to select traditional games that would develop multiple intelligences in children.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The study has compared normally developed children and children who were diagnosed as autism spectrum in goal management training them to observe the effect. The research was conducted to four normally developed children and four children who were diagnosed as autism spectrum, and all subjects were provided with identical goal management training. The children and the caregivers have selected desired objectives activity, and all three activities were followed by goal management training. Intervention periods were conducted ten times in total, two times a week for five weeks, and eight subjects in the two groups were trained one on one by the researcher. The training time was 40 minutes for every session. The descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used as the statistical method, and the Mann-Whitney test, the nonparametric statistical analysis, was conducted to compare the difference between the two groups. Goal management training for two groups did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of the performance status of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (p>.05). In the summary of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (2nd) which evaluates the motor skill, there was a statistically significant difference between the autism spectrum disorder group and normal group (p<.05). Additionally, the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in eye-hand coordination sub-test among Developmental Test of Visual Perception (2nd) which evaluates the visual perception performance (p<.05). The research has confirmed the applicability of goal management training to children with autism spectrum compared to the normally developed children, and it has confirmed the effectiveness of the training.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 2023

Objective : This study aims to analyze the effects of visual perception intervention by systematically reviewing the studies that applied visual perception intervention to children with cerebral palsy. Methods : The databases used were PubMed, EMbase, Science Direct, ProQuest, Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and the National Assembly Library. The keywords used were cerebral palsy, CP, and visual perception. According to the PRISMA flowchart, 10 studies were selected from among studies published from January 1, 2012 to March 30, 2022. The quality level of the selected studies, the demographic characteristics of study participants, the effectiveness of interventions, area and strategies of intervention, assessment tools to measure the effectiveness of interventions, and risk of bias were analyzed. Results : All selected studies confirmed that visual perception intervention was effective in improving visual perception function. In addition, positive results were shown in upper extremity function, activities of daily living, posture control, goal achievement, and psychosocial areas as well as visual perception function. The eye-hand coordination area was intervened in all studies. Conclusion : In visual perception intervention, It is necessary to evaluate the visual perception function by area, and apply systematically graded customized interventions for each individual.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the static stereoacuity by Distance Randot Stereotest (STEREO OPTICAL. Co., Inc. USA) and the dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test (iNT, Korea). Criterion and correlation of stereoacuity between both tests and usefulness of two stereotest methods were also evaluated. Methods: For normal adults of 109 (male 61, female 48), mean age of 20.88 (19-32 years) years old, static stereoacuity by using Distance Randot Stereotest at 3 m distance, dynamic stereoacuity by using three-rods test at 2.5 m distance were measured. Results: The mean of distance static stereoacuity was $155.77{\pm}133.11sec$ of arc and the mean of error distance dynamic stereoacuity $11.13{\pm}9.69mm$. With equivalent-conversion stereoacuity of $23.44{\pm}20.96sec$ of arc, there was statistically significant differences (p=0.00) between two dynamic stereoacuity, but correlation was relatively low (${\rho}=0.226$). In the case of dynamic stereoacuity, separated to normal range by criterion of the error distance 20 mm, it showed the error distance of less than 20 mm in 97 subjects(89%) whose average of error distance and conversion mean dynamic stereoacuity were $8.43{\pm}5.10mm$ and $17.68{\pm}10.67sec$ of arc. repectively. The error distance of was equivalent-conversion dynamic stereoacuity 40.99 sec of arc (PD 62 mm basis) was 20 mm. Conclusions: The results of lower correlation between static and dynamic stereoacuity suggest that seterotest should be applied separately to different functions. The results of this study also suggest that Distance Randot Stereotest can be applied to static stereoacuity excluding monocular cues. Three-rods test can be applied to dynamic stereoacuity containing the response of the eye-hand coordination in the daily life of natural vision condition, including the monocular cues. These different approaches canprovide a criterion of the two stereoacuity and parallel use of the two tests would be useful. For dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test, error distance 20 mm in a normal range of adults can be used as a criteria to get statistical meaning of the results.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1992

For the purpose of better understanding of RAD children, comparisons were performed about the developmental and psychopathological characteristics between RAD and PDD children. Study subjects were the children between the ages 2 and 6. who visitied SNUCH Child and Adolescent Psychiatry OPD or treated in Day Treatment Center during May, 1989 and Sep., 1991, diagnosed by the child psychiatrist as RAD or PDD according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. A total of 40 children were included in the study. 20 were RAD(18 boys, 2 girls). 20 were PDD(20 boys). PEP was performed to all study subjects, by the raters blind to psychiatric diagnosis of each. And analysis was done about the level of developmental functioning score and psychopathological scores between RAD and PDD children. The results are as follows 'There were retardation on the general developmental functioning in RAD children, and the severity of retardation were lined up as perceptual ability>imitation>gross motor>cogitive language>eye-hand coordination>fine motor. Characteristics of psychopathology in RAD children were lined up by severity as language>play>relationship>affection >sensory. Group differences of the two shows on PDD group rejection score was significantly higher on the perception item. while RAD was superior on the perception emerging response. Differences of the psychopathology between two groups were on such areas as ; Affection, which was significantly higher on 'Absent' in RAD, while significantly higher on 'severe' in PDD children. On the interest for the play and materials. sensory and language areas, RAD children were significantly higher ratings on 'Absent' than PDD children.