• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify target lexical bundles (e.g., on the other hand, at the same time) for argumentative essay writing and rank them in order of teaching priority for Japanese learners. Despite significant functional roles of lexical bundles in academic writing, the inclusion of lexical bundles in argumentative writing had been underexplored. Since argumentative writing skills help undergraduate students prepare for their academic careers (e.g., writing papers), the lexical bundles under this genre deserve more attention. This study first extracted 78 target bundles from L1 argumentative essay corpora (International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English: ICNALE and Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays: LOCNESS). The study then classified the bundles according to their discourse functions and semantic transparency to estimate the learnability for Japanese learners in L2 compatible corpora with the ICNALE. The results showed that learners had difficulty using the bundles with referential functions (e.g., in the form of) and semantic opaqueness (e.g., when it comes to), suggesting that the bundles in these two categories should be prioritized among the 78 bundles.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 2003

In this paper, we describe how to represent lower case hand-written English alphabets by a sequence of two to seven fuzzy sets. Each fuzzy set represents an arc segment of the character and each arc segment is assumed to be a part of an ellipse. The part of an ellipse is defined by five quantities; its short and long radii, its orientation angle, whether it is a part of the lower half or the upper half, and whether it is the full half or a part of a half. Hence, we use the Cartesian product of five fuzzy sets to represent each arc segment. We show that this representation is a translation, rotation, and scaling invariant and that it can be used to generate the hand-written English alphabets. The representation we describe is different from the one proposed earlier by the author and when compared with the previous representation, the one described in this paper simulates more closely the behavior of how one writes English characters.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.3
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• pp.185-201
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• 1997

This study explores perspectives on responding to EFL students' compositions at the semantic level. In the last three decades, there has been a shift from product-oriented approach to process-oriented one to teaching writing. The shift has led to the criticism of the traditional view on teacher response. The traditional view has been under attack for its overemphasis upon form and ineffectiveness on improving student writing skill. It is also noted that research into students' reactions to the traditional teacher response has been inconclusive. The process-oriented approach, on the other hand, draws its attention to meaning and the logical development of thought as well as linguistic matters. In this context, the present study discusses what EFL teachers need to take into account in providing the semantic-level feedback on students' compositions. Firstly, teacher response to student writing is on-going; teacher feedback involves teacher intervention in the drafting process, the revision process, and the presentation of product. Secondly, in the writing conferences, the teacher provides students an opportunity to talk about writing, assistance and advice on the content/meaning of the written text, helping them expand and clarify thinking about audience(reader) and purpose.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2018

This paper proposes a technique for recognizing online handwritten cursive data obtained by tracing a motion trajectory while a user is in the 3D space based on a convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm. There is a difficulty in recognizing the virtual character input by the user in the 3D space because it includes both the character stroke and the movement stroke. In this paper, we divide syllable into consonant and vowel units by using labeling technique in addition to the result of localizing letter stroke and movement stroke in the previous study. The coordinate information of the separated consonants and vowels are converted into image data, and Korean handwriting recognition was performed using a convolutional neural network. After learning the neural network using 1,680 syllables written by five hand writers, the accuracy is calculated by using the new hand writers who did not participate in the writing of training data. The accuracy of phoneme-based recognition is 98.9% based on convolutional neural network. The proposed method has the advantage of drastically reducing learning data compared to syllable-based learning.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.117-119
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• 1995

Writer's cramp is a gradual onset and the disorder shows itself at first only when the patient is fatigued or stressed, or when a difficulty in controlling the pen leads to inaccurate writing. The prognosis is poor and treatment is often difficult and unsatisfactory. Case 1: A-30-year old male, who had a difficulty in writing with palpitation for 10 years in front of the other men. After 5 times of stellate ganglion block, palpitation during writing did not appear and after 15 times, he could write with a slight spasm of hand muscles. Case 2: A-40-year old male, who had a difficulty in writing in a stressful situation. After 28 times of stellate ganglion block, he could write in normal work except in the strong stressful situation. From our experience, we recommend the stellate ganglion block may be an effective treatment for a writer's cramp.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.32-35
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• 2003

In this paper, we describe how to represent lower case hand-written English alphabets by a sequence of two to seven fuzzy sets. Each fuzzy set represents an arc segment of the character and each arc segment is assumed to be a part of an ellipse. The part of an ellipse is defined by five quantities: its short and long radii, its orientation angle, whether it is a part of the lower half or the upper half and whether it is the full half or a part of a half. Hence, we use the Cartesian product of five fuzzy sets to represent each arc segment. We show that this representation is a translation, rotation, and scaling invariant and that it can be used to generate the hand-written English alphabets. The representation we describe is different from the one proposed earlier by the author and when compared with the previous representation, the one described in this paper simulates more closely the behavior of how one writes English characters.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.369-395
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• 2011

Some academic libraries have paper writing education as part of information literacy education. Paper writing education includes the following contents; choice of subject, information type and information location, information retrieval. citation and bibliography writing, plagiarism type and(a front) cover table of contents writing. This study investigated paper writing education of the academic libraries that have it. Upon investigation, the academic libraries put a high importance on information type, location and retrieval. On the other hand, they lacked of the education on citation and bibliography writing, especially plagiarism. And some of the academic libraries had not the education on a choice of subject and(a front) cover a table of contents writing. Improvement of teaching method was required. This study finding will give effective material to the academic libraries having education and will have education.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-37
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• 2015

As the value and importance of mathematical communication was recognized, mathematical communication in mathematics education has been strengthened more and more. Written communication as well as verbal communication is emphasized. On the other hand, storytelling is introduced for elementary students to learn mathematical concept more naturally and easily in the 2009 revised curriculum. So, we noticed that they are familiar with story. In this study, we analyze the story writing activity levels with a focus on story writing, and how to think about it. And we offer some suggestions about mathematical story writing activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.76-80
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• 2003

A resource management system of for the paper-bag product company was made. The objective of the system is computering the hand writing management process to improve the performance of working process of the small company. For this, some programming and design strategies were made such as the simplification, ease to use, similarity with old system and object oriented concept. It is expected to reduce burdens and errors of hand writing and improve the efficiencies of small company.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate beginner-level learners' use of translators in L2 writing, and shed light on its validity in writing performance through their responses on the necessity, reliability and limitation of machine translation. 117 university students from beginner-level L2 writing classes participated in the survey. Additionally, 11 of them were interviewed about their answers. The survey and interview data revealed varying viewpoints such as reliability and effects as well as reasons for choosing translator-assisted writing. The vast majority(76.1%) used web-based machine translators for their writing activities, and employed various strategies to help their insufficient L2 skills and to increase their motivation and confidence. On the other hand, they exhibited its detrimental effects including it could lead to plagiarism, and interfere with the learning process unless they post-edited the given translation. However, translators were viewed as a new, efficient, and valid educational tool for effective and successful L2 writing.