• 제목/요약/키워드: Hand temperature

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Statistical analysis of the influences of admixtures and elevated temperatures on mortar properties

  • Topcu, Ilker Bekir;Unverdi, Aytac;Yildirim, Vural
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.169-186
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    • 2022
  • Mortar is produced with different degrees of temperature and ratios of admixture materials. In order to produce strength mortar, the degree of temperature and the ratio of admixture materials must be optimized. This paper examines experimental effects by applying certain degrees of temperature and ratios of admixture materials to statistically understand the changes in the strength of mortar. The Taguchi method is used for the above-mentioned optimization problem. Firstly, factorial ANOVA is used to investigate the difference of means between the experiments. Due to the significant differences in obtained means, the regression analysis is applied. On the other hand, the effects of the varying degrees of temperature and admixture ratios are presented via 3D plots. Finally, the statistical results of ANOVA and Taguchi indicate that degree of temperature and the different ratios of admixture materials can affect the behaviour of mortar under the tests.

추운 환경에서 보온용 장갑 착용이 고령 여성의 인체 생리 반응 및 주관적 감각에 미치는 효과 (Wearing Effects of Winter Gloves in Cold Environment on Physiological Responses and Subjective Perception in Elderly Females)

  • 박준희;이주영
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.866-876
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    • 2019
  • This study examined the physiological and psychological effects of wearing gloves at rest in a cold environment. Seven elderly females participated in two separate trials: wearing gloves (WG) and bare hands (BH). The experiment was conducted for 60 min in a climatic chamber (air temperature 7.8±0.3℃ with 44±2%RH) with a sedentary posture. Microclimate temperature on the left palm was 4.16℃ higher in WG compared to that in BH (p<.1). Microclimate temperature on the chest during the last 5 min increased compared to the initial 5 min only in WG (p<.05). During the last 5 min, skin temperatures at the arm and hand in WG were higher than those in BH (p<.05). There was no statistical difference in the change of rectal temperature between WG and BH. Heart rate in BH was significantly higher compared to the WG (p<.05). Subjects also felt less cold on the whole body and hand in WG than those in BH (p<.05). The findings indicate that wearing gloves for elderly females affected the distribution of skin temperature and cardiovascular response in cold environments. Elderly females should be informed about the importance of wearing gloves through the clothing guideline in winter.

신체 부위별 냉각허용한계온도에 관한 연구 (Permissible Safety Limits in Local Cooling Focused on the Parts of Human Body)

  • 황경숙;최정화;김경란
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2007
  • The objects of this study were to investigate responses and peculiarity during local cooling by parts of the human body and to show permissible safety limits without injurious to his health because of excessive cooling when he works hot environments. It were measured rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, total body weight loss, local sweat in back and thigh, clothing microclimate and subjective sensation on 8 subjects and cooling parts were head, neck, chest, abdomen, back, waist, hip, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, calf and foot. According to above-mentioned the first experiment, we chose permissible safety limits by parts of the human body for one hour. In the second experiment, it was showed permissible safety limits by parts which examined their safety about health through 4 hours cooling test on 3 subjects. The results are as follows: 1. As a result of the first experiment, we chose permissible safety limits by parts, as follows, head $25^{\circ}C$, neck $20^{\circ}C$, chest $27^{\circ}C$, abdomen $25^{\circ}C$, back $20^{\circ}C$, waist $20^{\circ}C$, upper arm $20^{\circ}C$, forearm $20^{\circ}C$, hand $23^{\circ}C$, thigh $20^{\circ}C$, calf $20^{\circ}C$ and foot $23^{\circ}C$ in $37^{\circ}C$, 50%R.H. environment for 1 hour. 2. As a result of the second experiment, cooling on these safety limits temperatures except chest didn't have a bad effect on health. So it was proved that right permissible safety limits of chest was $28^{\circ}C$. From these results, it has been suggested that skin temperature didn't fall below permissible safety limits when human body was to be cool by parts.

연신비와 열고정 온도에 따른 Partially Oriented Polyester Yarn(POY)의 구조변화와 물성 (The Change of Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of Partially Oriented Polyester Yarn(POY) on the Draw Ratio and Heat Setting Temperature)

  • 박명수;윤종호
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2000
  • To examine the physical properties of POY through the microstructure control, the crystal structure such as the crystallinity, the crystallite size, the orientation, the shrinkage, the tensile properties, and the thermal stress of POY(80/48, SD) were examined at different draw ratios and annealing temperatures. From the examination following conclusions were obtained : 1. The crystallinity was more effected by the heat setting temperature than by the draw ratio. The increasing rate was greatest at the heat setting temperature range of $170~190^\circ{C}$. 2. The crystallite size perpendicular to the fiber axis was more effected by the annealing temperature at lower draw ratios. On the other hand, the crystal and amorphous orientations were more effected by the heat setting at higher draw ratios. 3. The boiling shrinkage did not change significantly, but the total shrinkage showed 13% at the draw ratio 1.9 and the heat setting temperature $170^\circ{C}$. 4. The maximum thermal stress increased with increasing the draw ratio and decreasing the heat setting temperature in the temperature range of $170~210^\circ{C}$. At the draw ratio 1.9 and the heat setting temperature $170^\circ{C}$, the maximum thermal stress found was 1.1gf/d. 5. In the heat setting temperature above $170^\circ{C}$ after the drawing, the crystallinity, the crystallite size, the orientation, and the strength increased with increasing temperature, but the shrinkage and the maximum thermal stress decreased with increasing temperature.

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미분 석유코크스연소기에서 스월강도변화가 연소과정에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Various Swirl Flows on Pulverized Petroleum Coke Combustion)

  • 차천륜;이호연;황상순
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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    • pp.297-299
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    • 2014
  • Petroleum coke has high heating value and low price. Due to the steadily increasing demand for heavy oil processing, the production volume of petroleum coke tends to be expanded. The high availability and low price of petroleum coke have been strongly considered as candidate fuel for power generation facilities. However the high carbon content, high sulfur content and nitrogen content of petroleum fuel are known to produce relatively large quantity of CO2, high NOx and SO2 emission. In this work, a series of numerical simulations have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of swirl flow intensity on combustion furnace, which is most important operating condition. Results show that the temperature distribution was spatially uniform at about 1600K but high temperature region are located quite differently depending on swirl number. In addition, numerical temperature data was compared with experimental temperature data and its temperature difference shows less than 10%. On the other hand, discrepancy between numerical and experimental emission data were slightly large with necessities of improved emission model.

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Al-Ni-Y 비정질 합금의 열적특성 및 고온변형특성에 관한 연구 (Thermal Pro0perties and High Temperature Deformation Behaviors of Al-Ni-Y Amprphous Alloy)

  • 고병철;김종현;유연철
    • 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소성가공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.72-75
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    • 1998
  • High temperature deformation behavior of Al85Ni10Y5 alloy extrudates fabricated with amorphous ribbons was investigated at temperature range form 300 to 550$^{\circ}C$ by torsion tests. Thermal properties of amorphous ribbons as a function of aging temperature was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC). The Al phase crystallite firstly formed in the amorphous ribbons and its crystallization temperature(Tx) was ∼210$^{\circ}C$. During the processings of consolidation and extrusion, nano-grained structure was formed in the Al85Ni10Y5 alloy extrudates. The as-extrudated Al85Ni10Y5 alloy and the Al85Ni10Y5 alloy annealed at 250$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour showed the flow curve of DRV(dynamic recovery) during hot deformation at 400-550$^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the Al85Ni10Y5 alloy annealed at 400$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour showed the flow curve of DRX(dynamic recrystallization) during hot deformation at 450-500$^{\circ}C$.

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Reaction Conditions for Laccase Catalyzed Degradation of Bisphenol A

  • Kim, Young-Jin
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.79-83
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    • 2004
  • The oxidative degradation of BPA with laccase from Trametes versiclor was conducted in a closed, temperature controlled system containing acetate buffer for pH control. The effects of medium pH, buffer concentration, temperature and mediator on degradation of BPA were investigated. The inactivation of the enzyme by temperature and reaction product was also studied. The optimal pH for BPA degradation showed about 5. Buffer concentration did not affect BPA degradation. On the other hand, the enzyme stability was higher at low concentration buffer(25 mM). Temperature rise increased the degradation rate of BPA up to 45$^{\circ}C$. The valuable mediator of laccase for BPA was ABTS. Elevated temperature and reaction product irreversibly inactivated the enzyme.

Zn-Pr-Co-Cr-La 산화물계 비선형 저항체의 전기적, 유전적 성질에 소결온도가 미치는 영향 (Influence of Sintering Temperature on Electrical and Dielectric Characteristics of Zn-Pr-Co-Cr-La Oxide-Based Nonlinear Resistors)

  • 남춘우
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제43권9호
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    • pp.558-563
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    • 2006
  • The electrical and dielectric properties of $ZnO-Pr_6O_{11}CoO-Cr_2O_3La_2O_3-based$ nonlinear resistors were investigated at different sintering temperatures in the range of $1230{\sim}1300^{|circ}C$. As the sintering temperature increased, the breakdown voltage decreased from 777.9 to 108.0V/mm, the nonlinear coefficient greatly decreased from 77.0 to 7.1, and the leakage current increased from $0.4{\mu}A\;to\;50.6{\mu}A$. On the other hand, the donor density from $0.90{\times}10^{18}\;to\;2.59{\times}10^{18}/cm^3$ and the barrier height decreased from 1.89 to 0.69 eV with increasing temperature. The dielectric dissipation factor increased from 0.0879 to 0.2839 for the increase of sintering temperature.

절연유의 유동대전에 미치는 고체재질의 영향에 관한 연구 (A study on the effect of solid materials on the streaming electrification of insulating oil)

  • 김용운;임헌찬;김영일;김영봉;이덕출
    • E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.236-242
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    • 1994
  • In this paper, the streaming electrification characteristics of insulating oil were examined when the oil is contacted with solid materials in a circulating system. The streaming current($I_s$) increases with increasing oil velocity and temperature, and electrification properties depend on species of metal materials. $I_s$ in the gauze-contained electrification apparatus increases with increasing oil temperature below the temperature of 43[>$^{\circ}C$], but decreases above 43[>$^{\circ}C$]. On the other hand, $I_s$ is positive electrificated for the pipe of Fe, Cu, while it is negative electrificated for Sus. When insulating oil flows through a car fuel filter, $I_s$ increases linearly with increasing oil temperature.

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온도변화에 따른 $SF_6$ 가스의 절연특성 (Characteristics of Dielectries in $SF_6$ Accoding to a change in Temperature)

  • 이복희;김회구;박건훈;이규선;김동성
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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    • pp.1436-1437
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents the experimental results of the dielectric characteristics with temperature changes under highly non-uniform electric field in $SF_6$ gas. The impulse preliminary breakdown developments were investigated by the measurement of predischarge current and breakdown voltage. As a result, the first stremer corona is initiated at the tip of needle electrode, and bridges the test gap. Also the first stremer corona onset and breakdown voltages the negative polarity was much higher than that in the positive polarity in same temperature. In addition, the varition of temperature have a little effect on the positive polarity. On the other hand, in some cases negative polarity corona onset and breakdown voltages increased with increasing a high temperature.

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