• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

Background : Constipation is one of the most common disorders in Korea and Western countries. It may be related with life style, diet, physical activity, age, stress and gender, and particularly premenopausal women experience constipation more often than men due to the significant prolongation of the mean colonic transit in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a probiotic on constipation in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Materials and Methods : The rats were divided into 3 groups. Constipation was induced by administration of loperamide for 5 days, and the excreted amount as well as the number of feces was observed. Lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic were administered orally every day for 5 days. Results : The results showed that loperamide administration induced severe experimental constipation in rats. The amount of feces was decreased and the number of pellets was increased by loperamide. The water content in the feces as a parameter of constipation was also decreased by loperamide. On the other hand, the dry weights of feces were not significantly different among the groups. It represents that the amount of food consumption might have been similar among the groups, and constipation was caused by delayed intestinal movement. Conclusion : Probiotic administration for 5 days in rats partly alleviated or prevented the constipation induced by loperamide.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.171-192
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• 2018

With the spread of the maker movement and matching of the standards for the 21st century learners and the maker competencies, there is a social and temporal need for makerspaces building and maker education in school libraries, Prior to the establishment of the school library makerspaces, we intended to investigate the awareness of the school librarian on the creation and operation of the school library makerspaces. For this purpose, a questionnaire was constructed based on the theoretical review and the response data of 171 school librarians were collected through a web survey. Technical statistics, cross-analysis, and ANOVA were conducted using SPSS window 19.0 and content analysis was conducted on open-ended questions. The Questionnaires consisted of questions about whether the school library makerspace was installed or not and necessity, reason, and difficulty in creating and operating the makerspace. As a result of the study, it was found that the establishment of the school library makerspace was very low at 2.3%, and the recognition of the makerspace of the school librarian was below the normal level. On the other hand, the perception of necessity appeared to be more than normal, and the school library was generally considered to be a suitable place for the makerspace installation. However, negative opinions about the school library makerspaces were also raised in various aspects.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wearing clothes, Level B, and Level C PPE on normal CPR using mannequins. The paramedics who participated in this experiment were 20 paramedics with more than 5 years of experience in firefighting area C. It was found that chest compressions in the process that hand off time was 11.9 seconds in the uniform wearing group, 11.4 seconds in the level C PPE wearing group, and 13.1 seconds in the SCBA wearing group. In other words, wearing personal protective equipment prevents the movement of paramedics and uses compensatory movements, which may increase the difficulty of efficient first aid. If this situation persists, it may cause fatigue and damage to the body of paramedics. Rescue and paramedics should wear level personal protective equipment in case of emergencies and conduct rescue and CPR training.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic coordination and control of lower segments in skill process. For the investigation, we examined the difference of resultant linear velocity of segments and angle vs angle graph. Novice subjects were 9 male middle school students who has never been experienced a taekwondo and expert subjects were 7 university taekwondo players. We analyzed kinematic variables of Dollyochagi motion through videographical analysis and the conclusion were as follows. 1. Examining the graph of novice subjects' maximal resultant linear velocity of the thigh, shank, and foot segment, as it gets closer to the end of the training, the maximal resultant linear velocity in each segment increased. Statistical analysis showed the following results; thigh segment caused the increase of speed, using the trunk segment's momentum in the latter term of learning, while the shank segment utilized the momentum of the adjacent proximal segment at the beginning of learning, and the foot segment in the middle of learning. 2. Until the point where the knee joint angle is minimum, as the novice group learn the skill, the flexion of knee and hip joints has changed into the form of coordination pattern in phase. On the other hand, the expert group showed continual coordination pattern in phase that the movement sequences were smooth. From the knee joint maximal flexion to impact timing, all novice and expert groups showed coordination pattern out of phase. 3. From the knee joint maximal flexion to impact timing, the ankle joint was fixed and the knee joint was extended to all the novice stages and expert subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to assess the green environment on urban space and to suggest the sustainable green space planning. The study area is Dalseo-gu which has the biggest spatial imbalance of green space among 7 districts of Daegu. Three functions such as nature-ecological, environment-control, and usage function were established for assessing the green environment. For the assessment step of nature-ecological function, 'green connectivity' and 'animal movement' were used. Also,'thermal environment' and 'temperature decrease' were utilized in terms of environment-control function and 'green space's service supply' were utilized in terms of usage function. According to the results of integrated assessment, the green rich zone(Grade I) was 44.8% of total area in Dalseo and this zone was distributed along the southern forest of Mt. Ap and Mt. Biseul and the northern forest of Mt. Gung and Mt. Waryong. On the other hand, the green broken zone(Grade IV) was located in the residential areas of Gamsam and Jukjeon and the residential and industrial areas of Wolseong 1 and Jincheon and this zone was 5.5% of total area. The findings from this study can be used as the plan criteria for construction and distribution of green space in urban master plan.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.798-809
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• 2014

Video stabilization is performed to remove unexpected shaky and irregular motion from a video. It is often used as preprocessing for robust feature tracking and matching in video. Typical video stabilization algorithms are developed to compensate motion from surveillance video or outdoor recordings that are captured by a hand-help camera. However, since the vehicle video contains rapid change of motion and local features, typical video stabilization algorithms are hard to be applied as it is. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to compensate shaky and irregular motion in vehicle video using linear regression model and vertical projection histogram matching. Towards this goal, we perform vertical projection histogram matching at each sub region of an input frame, and then we generate linear regression model to extract vertical translation and rotation parameters with estimated regional vertical movement vector. Multiple binarization with sub-region analysis for generating the linear regression model is effective to typical recording environments where occur rapid change of motion and local features. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach on blackbox videos and showed that employing the linear regression model achieved robust estimation of motion parameters and generated stabilized video in full automatic manner.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2018

A fire shutter is installed to prevent the movement of fire or smoke when a fire occurs inside a building. Fire shutters have access doors for passengers. On the other hand, the present fire shutter door display regulation is only required to be displayed in a different color from the surroundings. Hence, the risk of people not being able to recognize the door of the fire shutter is quite high, and the danger increases further in a smoke situation. Therefore, this study attempted to find a way to mark a fire shutter door that can be recognized even when smoke is spreading. First, a preliminary questionnaire was used to draw three factors to mark the fire shutter door (sign, door background, and edge). The experiment type was set by combining 5 colors for the three derived factors. The experiment was conducted on a total of 122 male and female participants. The results showed that a yellow background, red sign, and red edge have the highest awareness in a normal visual field without smoke. This was also the same in the field of view in the case of a fire with smoke, but the red background, yellow sign, and yellow edge were most noticeable in the case of dark smoke.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 2008

It is important to know pedestrian volume to carry out pedestrian safety analysis and pedestrian friendly design. However, it is too difficult to come across research work related to pedestrian volume analysis in the field of transport, due to lack of interests on pedestrian movement. Most transport research has been focused on vehicles and highways rather than pedestrian. On the other hand, in the field of urban studies, there comes an effective tool to estimate pedestrian volumes using Space Syntax theory. This theory twins out to be effective and economic because it only requires network information, which is easy to acquire from maps and field survey. However, this method is different in the way representing networks from the way that is common in the field of transport. To make up for this point, this paper develops a novel measure for estimating pedestrian volume using Dial's algorithm, and applies the model in the two test networks; Insadong and Soongryemoon networks. The application results reveals that developed measure is an effective tool to explain pedestrian volume; a correlation coefficient between the measure and pedestrian volume is 0.713 in Insadong and 0.492 in Soongryemoon, and the goodness of fit($R^2$) of regression models are 0.893 in Insadong and 0.671 in Soongryemoon. This estimation method is significantly less complicated to estimate the effect of a pedestrian network change than Space Syntax theory, which requires special softwares not readily available.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ecological function of small-scale pond and movement characteristics of mudfish (Misgurnus mizolepis) during midsummer drainage period. METHODS AND RESULTS: In situ experiments were performed in the paddy field with mudfish under the condition of midsummer drainage from 13 July to 29 July 2010. The mudfish used in this experiment is approximately 1,000 individuals with a cut tail. Mudfishs were released in the rice field before midsummer drainage and caught again in the small-scale pond and the paddy field after midsummer drainage. Results showed that the abundance of mudfish was higher in drainage canal than small-scale pond at the early stage of midsummer drainage, because flow was formed toward the drainage canal. In that time, 3% of the total marked mudfish were captured at outlet of drainage canal. As the paddy was drying, 5% of total marked mudfish moved to the small-scale pond during midsummer drainage period. Contrary to the general hypothesis, the marked mudfish was not found in holes in paddy field.of total caught in the small-scale pond ingested mainly animal prey, and it's frequency of empcy stomach was 10%.oOn the other hand, all m total collected in the paddy field showed empcy stomach. It was apparent from the experiment that m total are eeldng normally in the small-scale pond, while m total are not eat properly in paddy field. CONCLUSION(s): As the paddy was drying, mudfish moved to the small-scale pond during midsummer drainage period but mudfish was not found in holes in paddy field. It can be concluded that small-scale provides a shelter and prey to mudfish in the midsummer drainage period.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.41-47
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• 1992

In general, the behavior of moisture transmission is estimated by vapor permeability or vapor transmission resistance, but its values obtained by experiments do not have great adaptability for practical situations because of changes in the experimental conditions. This fact is why only theoretical discussions have advanced. Thus, the fundamental study of the moisture transmission phenomenon has been treated lightly. Here, as the first step toward the basic research of moisture transmission, the amount of moisture transmission and the moisture distribution in specimens were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a steady state, and the moisture distribution was measured by slicing and weighing the specimens. From the examination of the vapor transmission resistance, the phenomenon of moisture transmission was dealt with devide the moisture transfer on the wood surface and moisture diffusion in wood. The following results were obtained. 1) The phenomenon of moisture transmission should be approached by its division into moisture transfer on the wood surface and moisture diffusion in the wood because the positive values of vapor transmission resistance exist in the extrapolation of thickness 0mm. 2) The distribution of moisture in wood can be illustrated by two straight lines intersecting at the point of nine percent moisture content : namely, diffusion coefficients have two constant values at moisture contents below and above nine percent. The shape of the distribution curve of moisture content is similar irrespective of the wood thickness. On the other hand, when the moisture contents on both sides was more than nine percent, the distribution of the moisture content could be illustrated by one straight lines. 3) The amount of moisture movement is determined by the moisture gradient in wood. 4) Coefficients of the moisture transfer depend on the thickness of the specimens.