• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.701-714
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• 2008

본 연구는 미국 지역을 사례로 겨울철 및 여름철에 장기간 지속되는 이상고온기 발생에 유리한 종관 규모의 매커니즘을 밝힌다. 여름철 이상고온기는 주로 미국의 남중부 지역에서 발생하는 반면, 겨울철 이상고온기는 미서부 지역에서 발생한다. 지상 및 상층 기압장 자료 분석 결과, 이러한 이상고온기는 태평양과 대서양의 아열대 고기압들의 활동과 밀접하게 관련되어있다. 장기간 지속되는 여름철 이상고온기는 중층 및 상층 블러킹 고기압의 활동에 의해 형성되는 매우 안정된 대기 조건하에서 주로 발생한다. 또한 이 시기에는 지표강제력으로 상대적으로 높은 보웬비(Bowen ratio)가 나타나지만, 따뜻한 공기의 이류의 영향은 크지 않다. 반면, 장기간 지속되는 겨울철 이상고온기는 블러킹 고기압에 의한 단열 기온 상승뿐만 아니라 따뜻한 공기의 이류의 복합적인 작용에 의해 나타난다. 그러나 이 시기의 지표 강제력의 영향은 약하다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify work-related risk factors associated with upper extremity symptoms among construction workers using the fourth Korean Working Condition Survey(KWCS). Methods: Subjects were 2,724 construction workers selected from 50,007 respondents in the 2014 KWCS. The presence or absence of upper extremity symptoms and work-related risk factors, including individual, physical, and psychosocial factors, were used as variables. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relationship of the upper extremity symptoms with work-related risk factors. Results: Upper extremity symptoms were significantly associated with: employment type(OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18~2.09); job satisfaction(OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.33~3.18); verbal abuse(OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.33~3.18); tiring or painful posture(OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.73~3.15); carrying or moving heavy loads(OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.23~2.24); repetitive hand or arm movement(OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06~1.91) Conclusions: In order to prevent the upper extremity musculoskeletal disease in the construction industry, it is necessary to stabilize employment, enhance job satisfaction, and eliminate violence in the workplace and improve physical work environment.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.150-162
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• 2004

이동체는 시간에 따라 위치를 변경하는 특성과 이동체의 경로는 궤적으로 표현되는 특성을 가진다. 이동체 궤적 데이타에 대한 저장 및 검색을 처리하는 이동체 데이타베이스 시스템에서는 효율적인 데이타 접근 방법이 필요하다. 특히 궤적 검색을 위한 대표적인 질의 유형인 복합 질의는 영역내의 궤적 검색과 궤적의 일부분을 추출하는 과정을 포함한다. 그러나, 영역 질의에 우수한 색인 방법은 부분 궤적을 추출하기 위한 비용이 높은 단점을 가진다. 반면, 궤적 질의를 위한 색인 방법의 경우 노드간의 중첩이 매우 높아 영역내의 궤적 검색 비용이 높은 단점이 있다. 이 논문에서는 이동체 데이타베이스에서 복합 질의를 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 TR-tree를 제시한다. TR-tree는 궤적 질의를 위해 궤적 보존 및 단말 노드의 용량을 증가시키고, 영역 질의 처리를 위해 사장영역과 MBB(Minimum Bounding Box)의 중첩을 감소시키는 논리적 궤적 분할을 지원하는 특징을 가진다. 실험 평가에서 TR-tree는 STR-tree, TB-tree의 복합 질의 성능 비교에서 평균 25%의 노드 접근 회수를 감소시킨다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

There are increasing usage of Nickel-Titanium rotary files in modern clinical endodontic treatment because it is effective and faster than hand filing due to reduced step. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of canal preparations using 3 different rotary Nickel-Titanium files that has different cross sectional shape and taper on the maintenance of canal curvature. Simulated resin block were instrumented with Profile(Dentsply, USA), GT rotary files(Dentsply, USA), Hero 642(Micro-Mega France), and Pro-Taper(Dentsply, USA). The image of Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation were acquired using digital camera and overspreaded in the computer. Then the total differences of canal diameter, deviation at the outer portion of curvature, deviation at the inner portion of curvature, movement of center of the canal and the centering ratio at the pre-determined level from the apex were measured. Results were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA, followed by Scheffe test at a significance level of 0.05. The results were as follows； 1. Deviation at the outer portion of curvature, deviation at the inner portion of curvature were showed largest in Pro-Taper so also did in the total differences of canal diameter(p＜0.05). 2. All the groups showed movements of center Profile combined with GT rotary files and Hero 642 has no difference but Pro-Taper showed the most deviation(p＜0.05). 3. At the 1, 2, 3mm level from the apex movements of center directed toward the outer portion of curvature, but in 4, 5 mm level directed toward the inner portion of curvature(p＜0.05). As a results of this study, it could be concluded that combined use of other Nickel-Titanium rotary files is strongly recommended when use Pro-Taper file because it could be remove too much canal structure and also made more deviation of canal curvature than others.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 건강한 남성 13명을 대상으로 최대자발 근수축의44%, 55%, 66%에 해당하는 40, 50, 60kg의 부하를 주었으며 초당 48$^{\circ}$의 속도로 요추신전 운동을 반복함으로써 근피로를 유발 시켰으며, 피검자의 왼쪽 척추기립근에 표면전극을 부착하여 근전도 신호를 측정하였다. 웨이브렛을 이용하여 '시-주파수'영역에서 근전도 신호를 주파수대역별로 분리하여 근피로도를 측정하고 중앙주파수를 이용하여 얻은 결과를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 중앙주파수가 시간에 따라 더 맞은 주파수 영역으로 천이되며 단지 대표 주파수의 경향만 나타냄을 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 웨이브렛을 이용한 근피로도 분석 방법은 중앙주파수와는 달리 근육의 피로함에 따라 고주파수 대역의 신호(375～438Hz)는 일정하거나 감소하고 저주파영역의 신호(0∼125Ha)는 증가하는 경향이 확인되어 웨이브렛 분석을 통해서 근피로를 정량화할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 동 적운동 시 웨이브렛을 이용한 분석방법이 중앙주파수 보다 근피로도를 분석하는데 있어 더욱 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다.확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

Importance of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) has been increasing in the hospital industry such as health care industry and financial industry. This study investigated in order to identify the factors like general, occupational and ergonomically characteristics of the subjects related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of physical therapists (PTs). Ergonomic tools of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used for evaluation workload of the tasks. Prevalence of MSDs were 13 PTs (26.0%) for neck, 31 PTs (62.0%) for shoulder, 9 PTs (18.0%) for arm/elbow, 27 PTs (54.0%) for hand/wrist, 28 PTs (56.0%) for back, 14 PTs (28.0%) for leg/foot. The analysis of the rate of the pain intensity showed that 53.5% subjects experience moderate pain and 14.0% subjects experience severe pain. Factors which were general characteristics, for example, height, ergonomically characteristics such as 'Posture Score A' were related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in logistic analysis (p<.05). Among physical therapists, action level of RULA were action level 2 (6.0%), action level 3 (52.0%), action level 4 (42.0%). Physical therapists were estimated one of the highest risk factor in this study. This study suggested that the need of preventive education and program for PTs (physical therapists). Comprehensive and systematic management plans should be established to include both ergonomic and sociopsychological aspects.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

Background: Patients after rotator cuff (RC) surgery experienced pain, weakness and limited of motion of the shoulder. Physical therapists have used heat therapy, electrotherapy, range of motion (ROM) exercise and other methods to treat patients after RC surgery. In addition, functional taping is also used to support joint movement and to increase shoulder joint stability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the initial effects of functional taping using non-elastic tape on pain, strength and ROM of the shoulder following RC surgery. Methods: Forty-eight patients with who underwent RC surgery volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, $n_1=25$) and a control group (CG, $n_2=23$). First, non-allergic tape was applied to the shoulder to prevent skin irritation. The EG applied functional taping using non-elastic tape and the CG applied sham taping using elastic tape. Assessment tools included the shoulder pain and disability index for functional activity score, visual analog scale for level of pain, shoulder muscle strength, hand grip strength and ROM testing. Results: Pain score in the both group significantly decreased (p<.05), and change in pain score of in the EG increased significantly than in the CG (p<.05). Shoulder strength and ROM in the both group significantly increased (p<.05). Especially external rotation and extension of the shoulder ROM in the EG increased significantly more than in the CG (p<.05), but the rate of change in the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that functional taping using non-elastic tape was initially effective in decreasing pain score level in patients with RC surgery.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2018

The up-to-date business environment for Korean manufacturers is very complex and rapidly changing. Especially, the companies have faced with various changes derived from small quantity batch production, diversification of customer demands, and short life cycles of products. Consequently, the Korean manufacturing companies are in need of more efficient production planning and scheduling techniques. In this paper, the research trend of scheduling techniques is investigated to provide relevant information to researchers in this field. Furthermore, some implications for future researches are presented regarding literatures published in Korea over the last 10 years. This paper presents an entire investigation into Korean research works on scheduling (2,569 papers) that are published from 2007 to 2016. Especially, detailed analysis was carried out in the following three industry : 1) semiconductor, 2) shipbuilding and 3) automobile. In this paper, approaches to scheduling presented in the literature are categorized into the following three categories : 1) application, 2) algorithm, and 3) simulation modeling. First, in the semiconductor industry, scheduling techniques related to semiconductor cleaning processes, photolithography processes, chemical processes, transport and transport equipment have been found to be dominant. Second, the shipbuilding industry is focused on assembly processes, transporter, crane and various existing production management system. On the other hand, the scheduling research of the automobile industry is mainly focused on the vehicle movement routing and procurement supply-chain planning algorithm in terms of logistics. The conclusion of this study are expected to provide many implications for various types of academic and practical follow-up studies related to scheduling in consideration of main characteristics of semiconductor, shipbuilding and automobile industries.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of moisture transfer depend on the thickness of the spruce(Picea sitchensis Carr.). Therefore, as the basic research of moisture transmission, the amount of moisture transmission and the moisture distribution in specimens and temperature of it's surfaces in vapor transmission process were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a steady state. and the moisture distribution was measured by knife cutting and weighing the specimens. The following conclusions were obtained ; 1. It can be found that distribution of moisture in the specimen can be approximated by two different straight lines intersecting at nine or ten percent moisture content. The amount of moisture movement defends on the gradient of moisture in the wood. 2. It is investigated that the wood surface moisture contents(MCs) are less for thinner specimens than for thick ones on the absorption side. On the other hand, the wood surface MCs are greater for thinner specimens than for thick ones on the desorption side. The main factor that affects the EMC of wood would be temperature when the relative humidity of atmosphere is constant. The specimen generate heat with the absorption and desorption process. In addition, the velocities of moisture transmission varied with the thicknesses of specimens. If the temperature of wood becomes greater, its MC decreases. Then the difference between surface MC and EMC of adsorption and desorption side becomes greater for thinner specimens. Therefore it is considered that the coefficients of moisture transfer decreases with the increases of the specimens' thicknesses.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2008

Nature/Landscape is surrounding space in which we make living. It is considerably comprehensive tenn. but on the other hand, the site can be existence, experience, and certain circumstance with boundaries. Based on these places, through contemporary art criticism, this study is to contemplate how art since 1960s, especially, site-specific art in three-dimensional space intervene in the environment. Artists of today put more value on the process and act of art making founded on the external, and they tend to create the characteristic of site or to indicate linguistic documentation. Moreover, a large-scale tendency of contemporary sculpture and 'occupation of specific site' seems to accede spatial conception from architecture. The core that recognizes these artworks is with body, that is to say, the space in which Self becomes the subject by changing the structure of the work while moving around it. In particular, 'Site-specific Art (in situ)' sometimes determines the form inward or outward It also relates directly on viewer's five senses by looking, hearing, and feeling, touching, and interacting. For example, in Richard Serra's , the viewer who moves around the work has the role to manipulate the movement of the work by perception. Works of In situ and works that planned for specific site suggest 'occupation of site' as of the function of the work These sites are ideal and special as well as being independent. Ultimately, it seems that the creative process of contemporary artists is to carry those intended form on the structure of perception. Furthermore, law of nature such as entropy, and acceptance of contingency helped organic structure of artwork become more abundant. For Robert Smithson, entropy suggests of reaching to a state of equilibriumin which everything is the same. This means that any core is justifiable and any rank is possible. Because the world without a core is a labyrinth of boundless exploration.