• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.504-516
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• 2011

In this paper, we will present a method to detect human hand and recognize hand gesture. For detecting the hand region, we use the feature of human skin color and hand feature (with boundary complexity) to detect the hand region from the input image; and use algorithm of optical flow to track the hand movement. Hand gesture recognition is composed of two parts: 1. Posture recognition and 2. Motion recognition, for describing the hand posture feature, we employ the Fourier descriptor method because it's rotation invariant. And we employ PCA method to extract the feature among gesture frames sequences. The HMM method will finally be used to recognize these feature to make a final decision of a hand gesture. Through the experiment, we can see that our proposed method can achieve 99% recognition rate at environment with simple background and no face region together, and reduce to 89.5% at the environment with complex background and with face region. These results can illustrate that the proposed algorithm can be applied as a production.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the hand functions of elderly persons according to their cognitive status and age. Methods: A total of 65 persons voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups: impairment cognitive group, normal cognitive group, adult group (persons in their twenties). Assessment of cognitive status was performed using a mini-mental state examination for Koreans (MMSE-K). Hand function was assessed using the Purdue pegboard test. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Pearsonn Acorrelation. Results: There were significant differences in hand functions in the three groups. Post-hoc test results showed significant differences between each group. There were statistically significant differences in the correlation among hand functions, cognitive status, and age. The findings of this study suggest that hand functions have a positive correlation with cognitive status. However, a negative correlation was found between hand function and age. Conclusion: According to the study's results, hand functions are correlated with age and cognitive functions in elderly persons. This study suggests that hand rehabilitation with cognitive intervention increases hand functions in elderly persons.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

본 논문은 복잡한 배경에서 표식없는 손을 추적하여 한글 수화를 인식하는 시스템에 관한 것이다. 제안한 방법은 먼저 인접한 프레임간의 차 영상에 대하여 엔트로피를 측정한다. 큰 값을 갖는 영역에 대해 피부색에 가까운 분포를 갖는 색상 정보를 추출하여 배경 영상으로부터 손 영역만을 추출한다. 추출된 손 영역에 대해 윤곽선을 검출하고 개선된 무게중심 프로필(centroidal profile) 방법을 적용하여 수화를 인식한다. 6가지 모양의 수화를 사용한 실험결과 기존의 방법들과 달리 표식을 사용하지 않고도 복잡한 배경과 조명의 변화에서 안정적으로 수화를 인식할 수 있다. 또한 초당 15프레임 정도의 처리속도로 각 사람별로 95%이상, 각 수화별로 $90\sim100%$의 인식률을 얻을 수 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.833-839
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel 1 DOF hand rehabilitation robot is proposed in consideration of ADL training for stroke patients. To perform several ADL trainings, the proposed robot can move the thumb part and the part of 4 fingers simultaneously and realize the full ROM (Range of Motion) in grasp. Based on these characteristics, the proposed robot realizes several types of grasp such as cylindrical grasp, lateral grasp, and pinch grasp by using a passive revolute joint that can change the thumb movement direction. The movement of the thumb is driven by a cable mechanism and the part of 4 fingers is moved by a four-bar linkage mechanism.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a pre-processing method that converts to Spider Chart image data for classification of gripping movement using EMG (electromyography) sensors and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) deep learning. First, raw data for six hand gestures are extracted from five test subjects using an 8-channel armband and converted into Spider Chart data of octagonal shapes, which are divided into several sliding windows and are learned. In classifying six hand gestures, the classification performance is compared with the proposed pre-processing method and the existing methods. Deep learning was performed on the dataset by dividing 70% of the total into training, 15% as testing, and 15% as validation. For system performance evaluation, five cross-validations were applied by dividing 80% of the entire dataset by training and 20% by testing. The proposed method generates 97% and 94.54% in cross-validation and general tests, respectively, using the Spider Chart preprocessing, which was better results than the conventional methods.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2012

Human body motion is a non-verbal part for interaction or movement that can be used to involves real world and virtual world. In this paper, we explain a study on natural user interface (NUI) in human hand motion recognition using RGB color information and depth information by Kinect camera from Microsoft Corporation. To achieve the goal, hand tracking and gesture recognition have no major dependencies of the work environment, lighting or users' skin color, libraries of particular use for natural interaction and Kinect device, which serves to provide RGB images of the environment and the depth map of the scene were used. An improved Camshift tracking algorithm is used to tracking hand motion, the experimental results show out it has better performance than Camshift algorithm, and it has higher stability and accuracy as well.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2021

Background: The CKCUES test evaluates the functional performance of the shoulder joint. The CKCUES test scores CKC exercises of the upper limbs to examine shoulder stability. Although the CKCUES test provides quantitative data on functional ability and performance, no study has determined the relationship between CKCUES scores and SA and TB muscle strength. Objects: The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the CKCUES test scores and the strength of the SA and TB muscles in the CKCUES and unilateral CKCUES tests. Methods: Sixty-six healthy male volunteers participated in the study. A Smart KEMA strength sensor measured SA and TB muscle strength. Two parallel lines on the floor indicated the initial hand placement to start CKCUES tests. For 15 seconds, the subject raises one hand and reaches over to touch the supporting hand, then returns to the starting position. Results: The correlation between the CKCUES test scores and the strength of the SA was strong (r = 0.650, p < 0.001), and the TB was moderate (r = 0.438, p < 0.001). The correlation between the unilateral CKCUES test and the strength of the SA of the supporting side was strong (r = 0.605, p < 0.001), and swing side was strong (r = 0.681, p < 0.001). The correlation between the unilateral CKCUES test and the strength of the TB of the supporting side was moderate (r = 0.409, p < 0.001), and swing side was moderate (r = 0.482, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that the CKCUES test had a strong association with isometric strength of SA and moderate association with that of TB. These findings suggest that the CKCUES test can evaluate the function of the SA. Moreover, the unilateral CKCUES test can evaluate unilateral shoulder function.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2015

초음파 로봇 검사시스템은 발전설비 등 상시감시가 요구되는 구조물의 감시를 위해 연구와 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 설비의 구조물은 형상과 구조가 매우 다양하고 복잡하여 단순한 패턴으로 이동과 검사가 가능한 로봇으로는 상시감시에 한계를 가지게 된다. 복잡한 구조물의 정밀검사는 정교한 행동이 가능한 로봇 시스템이 필요하다. 로봇의 제어를 초음파검사 작업자의 손의 형상에 따라 직관적으로 움직이도록 한다면 보다 정밀한 검사 로봇의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 폴리머 굽힘센서는 대변형의 측정이 가능하고 곡면에 적용성이 높아 최근 인체 형상 측정 및 재활보조 등 다양한 활용을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구조물의 상시감시를 위한 초음파검사 로봇이 작업자의 손동작에 따라 동작이 가능한 직관적 제어를 위해 폴리머 굽힘센서를 이용하여 사람 손의 형상 감시 연구를 수행하였다. 다수의 센서를 적용하여 손의 다양한 움직임을 추정하고 실험적 검증을 통해 사람 손의 형상에 따른 직관적 로봇의 제어가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 립모션 디바이스를 이용하여 사용자의 손 움직임을 계산하고, 이로부터 저글링 동작뿐만 아니라 이것을 활용하여 팔 근육을 연습 및 분석할 수 있는 새로운 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 실시간으로 사용자의 손동작에 맞춰 가상환경에서 공의 움직임을 매핑 할 수 있고, 근육의 이완과 수축을 시각화하여 운동량을 분석할 수 있다. 제안하는 프레임워크는 크게 세 부분으로 구성된다 : 1) 립모션 디바이스를 이용하여 사용자의 손 위치를 추적한다. 2) 저글링을 하듯이, 사용자가 공을 던지는 행동 패턴을 이벤트로 정의한다. 3) 사용자의 손 위치를 기준으로 저글링 형태의 움직임을 공에 매핑하기 위한 포물선 기반 입자 기법을 제안한다. 결과적으로 본 논문의 프레임워크를 이용하면 실시간 저글링 게임을 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the control process to satisfy spatial and temporal constraints imposed upon the anticipation timing response by analyzing the effect of spatio-temporal accuracy demands on eye movements, response accuracy, and the coupling of eye and hand movements. Research design, data, and methodology: 12 right-handed male subjects participated in the experiment and performed anticipation timing responses toward a stimulus moving at three velocities (0.53m/s, 0.66m/s, 0.88m/s) in two task constraint conditions (temporal constraint, spatial constraint). During the response, response accuracy and eye movement patterns were measured from which timing and radial errors, the latency of saccade, fixation duration of the point of gaze (POG), distance between the POG and stimulus, and spatio-temporal coupling of the POG and hand were calculated. Results: The timing and radial errors increased with increasing stimulus velocity, and the spatio-temporal constraints led to larger timing errors than the temporal constraints. The latency of saccade and the temporal coupling of eye and hand decreased with increasing stimulus velocity and were shorter and longer respectively in the spatio-temporal constraint condition than in the temporal constraint condition. The fixation duration of the POG also decreased with increasing stimulus velocity, but no difference was shown between task constraint conditions. The distance between the POG and stimulus increased with increasing stimulus velocity and was longer in the temporal constraint condition compared to the spatio-temporal constraint condition. The spatial coupling of eye and hand was larger with the velocity 0.88m/s than those in other velocity conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that differences in eye movement patterns and spatio-temporal couplings of stimulus, eye and hand by task constraints are closely related with the accuracy of anticipation timing responses, and the spatial constraints imposed may decrease the temporal accuracy of response by increasing the complexity of perception-action coupling.