• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2010

Recently, the applied frequency of composite materials was increased from the viewpoint of lightweight, high strength and low cost when a leisure boat and a fishing boatwere built. However, studies on the mechanical properties of composite material with ship are rare. Specially, a leisure boat and fishing boat with FRP had been built by hand lay-up method. However, the vacuum infusion method is rising recently for ship building. The manufactured these FRP plates were combined by using the adhesive. Therefore, in this study Cleavage peel strength, Shear strength and fatigue limit of adhesive bonds by tensileloading were estimated. From test results, the strengths of FRP specimens made by the vacuum infusion method are higher than that of the hand lay-up method.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 CPM (Continuous Passive Motion)을 뇌졸중 환자의 손 기능 및 수부 근력 재활에 사용하고 그 영향을 살펴보는데 있다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 증상을 가진, Brunnstrom 4-6단계에 해당하는 치료후 18개월 이내의 급성기 환자 3명이다 연구방법은 3명의 대상자에 대하여 단일사례 (A-B) 실험설계를 사용하였으며 CPM의 영향을 검사하기 위해 젭슨수지기능, 퍼듀페그보드, 수부근력 세 가지를 측정하였다. CPM 적용기간은 3주였으며, 적용회수는 하루 2회, 매회 20분씩, 총 30회기였다. 연구결과: 수부근력 측정 중 손끝잡기에서 대상자 2명의 값이 변화가 없었다. 그 외의 젭슨수지기능, 퍼듀페그보드, 수부근력 검사에서는 CPM 적용 후의 검사 결과가 향상되었다. 결과의 유효성 검증을 위하여 비모수적 통계방법인 Wilcoxon signed ranks test를 실시한 결과 모든 항목에 대한 P-Value가 0. 05 보다 큰 값이 나와 처치 전 후 값의 차이가 통계적으로는 유의미하지 않다는 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 참여 대상자 수가 적고 프로그램 적용 기간이 짧은 제한점이 있으나, 수부 재활을 위해 실시한 CPM이 연구대상자 전원의 손 기능 및 근력 향상에 영향을 주었다는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 주로 하지 기능과 근력 향상을 위해 사용되는 CPM이 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 수부 치료에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2015

Object : The purpose of this study was to investigate aging-related changes of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles in their strength, cross-sectional area and volume, force control, and multi-digit synergies. It was hypothesized that aging would negatively affect distal muscles (intrinsic muscles) more than proximal muscles (extrinsic muscles). Method : Nine young and eleven older right-handed participants underwent MRI scans of the hand and forearm. Muscle cross-sectional areas and volumes of the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles were determined. Result : Muscle volume of the intrinsic muscles were larger in the younger group than the older group while muscle volume of the extrinsic muscles did not differ. For the cross-sectional area, both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the younger group were larger than the older group. The maximum strength of the intrinsic muscles of the young group was 31% greater than the older group ($399.1{\pm}26.4$ vs $270.2{\pm}22.9Ncm$, p < 0.05) while the extrinsic muscles showed no significant difference. Although the elderly group showed a trend of decreased force control and multi-digit synergies, no statistical differences were found. These findings indicate aging-related decreases in hand muscle size and strength affect intrinsic muscles more than extrinsic muscles, thus supporting the hypothesis that sarcopenia affects the muscle size and strength of distal muscles more than proximal muscles. Conclusion : The aging-related decreases in hand muscle size and function were more apparent in intrinsic hand muscles, located more distally, than extrinsic muscles, located more proximally.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects on fine motor, muscle strength (hand-grip), explosive muscular strength (vertical jump) and muscular endurance (sit-up) after ingesting coffee. Hence this study targeted a sample group of 38 healthy men in their twenties, without cardiac disorders and muscle disorders and none of them were hypersensitive to caffeine with symptoms such as palpitation and dyspnea. Nineteen of them ingested coffee, whereas the other nineteen men ingested decaffeinated coffee at the same amount. The amount of coffee was controlled by weight so as to regulate intake to 6 mg caffeine per kg. Research material was evaluated through O'Conner's finger dexterity test, hand-grip strength test, vertical jump test and sit-up test. The data were analyzed by means of paired t-test and ANCOVA. The material was then, analyzed by means of two-way ANOVA in order to verify the effect of one or two cups of coffee on fine motor and hand-grip strength. All parameters were measured by an independent observer. The results were as follows: There were no significant differences to fine motor, hand-grip strength, vertical jump, sit-up before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee, but there was a difference to those before and after drinking caffeine coffee. There was no significant difference to hand dexterity and hand-grip strength in one or two cups of coffee. Intake of a certain dosage of caffeine effects activation of muscles working in a short period based on the results. As a consequence, intake of certain dosages of caffeine was beneficial to enhance efficiency of activity during exercises, but it is will be difficult to obtain the desired result with only one or two cups of coffee.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

Purpose : This study's purpose is consideration about change of the hand grip strength according to different posture and shoulder flexion angle. The shoulder joint permits the greatest mobility and carries out the important function of stabilization for hand use. Hand grip activity is important to evaluate while assessing loads of shoulder in hand mobilities. Methods : Thirty(15 male, 15 female) college students with unknown shoulder dysfunction participated subject in five different positions of elbow extension with sitting and standing posture, different positions is followed : (1) shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion (2) shoulder $45^{\circ}$ flexion (3) shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion (4) shoulder $135^{\circ}$ flexion (5) shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. Results : On the average, in the hand grip strength, the standing posture is higher than sitting posture. Sitting posture showed a most high level at the man's $0^{\circ}$ and woman's $135^{\circ}$. And standing posture showed a most high level at the man's $135^{\circ}$ and woman's $90^{\circ}$. Conclusion : The paired t-test was used to determine the different in grip strength between sitting and standing posture by shoulder angle change. There was no significant difference between the five position by sitting and standing posture. In man, correlation analysis revealed significant connection for all five position by sitting and standing posture. And in woman, correlation analysis revealed connection for all five position by sitting and standing posture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the effect of grip strength of the grasping reflex skill training of 4 case children with spastic cerebral palsy. Smedley hand dynamometer(JAMAR, USA) was used for measuring grip strength. Methods: Smedley hand dynamometer(JAMAR, USA) was used for measuring grip strength. Cases were chosen mild, moderate and severe spastic cerebral palsy with sitting balance and perception. To achieve that purpose, this training program was carried out 5 times a week for 4 weeks with 4 children. The performance of grasping reflex skill training and grip strength was evaluated each other. Results: Both hands were investigated with grasping reflex skill test and grip strength in two week intervals. In the dominant or nondominant hand, the more improvement of grasping reflex skill test is high, the more that of grip strength is high. Conclusion: The result were as follows that. The grasping reflex skill training was effective in grip strength.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2002

Introduction : Exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in which to help elderly maintain functional performance and to enhanced quality of life. Most of exercise study has been reported on fitness exercise such as walking, swimming, dance etc for health of elderly. There have been few reports about exercise on the promotion of small and fine movement of elderly. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine an effect of 6 weeks hand and finger exercise in home to improve hand muscle strength such as grip strength and finger pinch pressure. Materials and Methods Design: This pilot study was used one group pre and post-test design. Sample: Twelve elderly women above 60 years of age or older living in community were selected by convenient sampling. Procedure: Signed informed consent was obtained prior to participate in this study. The authors met elderly and taught hand and finger exercise, daily a week for 6 weeks, within 30 minutes per session. But exercise frequency and strength were not same. Instruments: Left and right grip strength were measured by Bulb Dynamometer(made in USA) and left and right pinch pressure were measured by Baseline Hydraulic Pinch Gauge(made in USA). Data analysis: Discriptive data analyses were performed on all variables. Wilcoxon matched-pairs Signed-Ranks test were used to find difference of grip strength and pinch pressure between pre and post exercise using SPSS 10.0 for Window. Results: Samples age ranged from 60 to 73, Mean age was 65.3. All were women. Ten elderly were diagnosed osteoarthritis and one had DM. After six weeks hand and finger exercise, Left and right grip strength were higher than those of before exercise(Z=-2.667, P<0.01 ; Z=-3.065, p<0.01). And left pinch pressure after hand and linger exercise were higher than that of before pinch pressure (Z=-2.315, p<0.05). But Right pinch pressure was not shown significant change(Z=-1.099, p>0.05). Conclusions: Although this study was limited by the sample size and design, the findings provide some important implications for community based exercise nursing intervention. Short term (six weeks) exercise of hand and linger is shown to be useful as nursing intervention to maintain routine daily activities such as eating, writing, grip something for elderly.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects on the upper extremity function, muscle strength, and hand function of a task-oriented training approach using a percussion instrument for patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients accompanied with upper extremity hemiplegia were selected for research and were classified randomly into 12 experimental groups and 12 control groups. The experimental group performed a task-oriented approach, and the control group performed upper extremity occupational therapy. Stroke upper extremity test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test, upper extremity muscle strength test, and hand muscle strength test were measured before and after training in the evaluation process. RESULTS: In the upper extremity test and Jebsen-Taylor test, there were no significant differences between the groups. In the upper extremity muscle strength test, there were significant differences in shoulder flexion, internal rotation, and elbow flexion in the experimental group. In the hand muscle strength test, there were significant differences in the grip, tip Pinch, lateral Pinch, and 3-jaw chuck in the experimental group and significant differences in only grip, tip pinch, and lateral pinch in the control group. In addition, there were significant differences in the lateral pinch compared to the amount of change. CONCLUSION: Task-oriented approach using percussion instruments for upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients is effective in the upper extremity function and strength, hand function, and strength.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1201-1216
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• 2017

In this study, we described the development of a methodology to measure tip-pinch strength on the paretic hand rehabilitation device and aimed to investigate reliability of the device. FSR sensors were embedded on the device, and tip pinch strength was estimated with data collected from the sensors using a developed equation while participants were demonstrating tip pinch. Reliability tests included inter-rater, test-retest, and inter-instrument reliability. B&L Engineering pinch gauge was utilized for the comparison. Thirty-seven healthy students participated in the experiment. Both inter-rater and test-retest reliability were excellent as Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were greater than 0.9 (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in tip-pinch strengths. Inter-instrument reliability analysis confirmed good correlation between the two instruments (r = 0.88, p < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the two instruments are not interchangeable. However, the tip-pinch mechanism used in the paretic hand rehabilitation device is reliable that can be used to evaluate tip pinch strength in clinical environment and can provides a parameter that monitors changes in the hand functions.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2013

Objective: Product design process without considering the strength of the user can cause the excessive burden on musculoskeletal system of human body. Since the muscle strength will vary depending on the body posture, the design of product should consider the characteristics of body posture. This study was performed to investigate the effects of forearm postures on the push and pull strength. Background: Overexerted force has been identified to cause musculoskeletal disorders. It is important to know the push and pull strength exerted by human when designing so that exerted force does not exceed the safety limits. Method: Maximum isometric push and pull strength of left, right and both hands were measured according to forearm postures with pronation, neutral and supination. For the study, 66 male and 30 female undergraduate students were participated as subjects. All subjects were normal and healthy with no clinical history. Results: The results showed that the push strength of male and female were 93.3% and 85.4% of pull strength. It showed that the strength of one-hand was 72.1~81.0% of the strength of two-hands, and the strength of left hand was 93.1~95.8% of the strength of right hand. The strength of female was 62% of the one of male. It was found that the strength with pronation $90^{\circ}$ was reduced up to 20% compared to the strength with neutral posture. Conclusion: Push and pull strength of male and female were reduced when forearm was rotated extremely. Application: The results of this study will be used for the prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders and design of industrial equipment.