• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hand Stability

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Comparative Studies on the Enzymatic Properties of Trypsins from Cat-shark and Mackerel -2. Enzymatic Properties of the Trypsins- (복상어와 고등어의 Trypsin에 관한 비교효소학적 연구 -2. 정제 Trypsin의 효소적 성질-)

  • PYEUN Jae-Hyeung;CHO Deuk-Moon;HEU Min-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.383-391
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    • 1992
  • A comparative study of enzymatic properties between the trypsin from the cat-shark Cephaloscyllium umbratile ( C-T) and the two trypsins from the mackerel Scomber japonicus $(M-T_A\;and\;M-T_B)$ was carried out following after the previous paper(Pyeun et al., 1991). Trypsin from cat-shark(C-T) showed the higher heat stability compared to the others $(M-T_A\;and\;M-T_B)$ and its denaturation constant$(K_D)$ was $10.68\times10^{-4}\;sec^{-1}\;at\;55^{\circ}C$ with BA-p-NA substrate. The activation energies(Ea) of the trypsins measured at a temperature range from $30^{\circ}C\;to\;50^{\circ}C$ were estimated to be 4.07 kcal/mole for C-T, 11.61 kcal/mole for $M-T_A$, and 8.43kcal/mole for $M-T_B$, respectively. The Km values were $24.9\times10^{-5}\;M\;for\;C-T,\;5.37\times10^{-5}\;M\;for\;M-T_A,\;and\;9.65\times10^{-5}\;M\;for\;M-T_B$. On the other hand, the Ki values for TLCK and DFP determined by Dixon plot were $1.50\times10^{-6}\;M\;and\;9.28\times10^{-6}\;M\;for\;C-T\;2.86\times10^{-6}\;M\;and\;2.11\times10^{-4}\;M\;for\;M-T_A\;and\;3.90\times10^{-6}\;M\;and\;1.60\times10^{-4}\;M\;for\;M-T_B$ Similar amino acid profiles were showed between three trypsins each other, with few exceptions of $M-T_B$ containing higher amount of arginine, and the smaller amount of tryptophan in C-T than the others.

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A Study on the Reaction of Al-1% Si with Ti-silicide (Al-1% Si층과 Ti-silicide층의 반응에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Yoo-Sang;Paek, Su-Hyon;Song, Young-Sik;Cho, Hyun-Choon;Choi, Jin-Seog;Jung, Jae-Kyoung;Kim, Young-Nam;Sim, Tae-Un;Lee, Jong-Gil;Lee, Sang-In
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.2 no.6
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    • pp.408-416
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    • 1992
  • Stable TiS$i_2$was formed by RTA on single-Si and on poly-Si. Subsequently, an Al-1% Si layer with 600-nm thick was deposited on top of the TiS$i_2$, Finally, the specimens were annealed for 30min at 400-60$0^{\circ}C$in $N_2$ambient. The thermal stability of Al-1% Si/TiS$i_2$bilayer and interfacial reaction were investigated by measuring sheet resistance, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and phase of precipitates formed by the reaction of Al-1% Si with Ti-silicide were studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the case of single-Si substrate the reaction of Al-1% Si layer with TiS$i_2$layer resulted in precipitates, consuming all TiS$i_2$layer at 55$0^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the disappearance of TiS$i_2$on poly-Si occurred at 50$0^{\circ}C$ and more precipitates were formed by the reaction of Al-1% Si/TiS$i_2$on potty-Si substrate than those of the reaction on single-Si substrate. This phenomenon resulted from the fact that Ti-silicide formed on poly-Si was more unstable than on single-Si by the effect of grain boundary. By EDS analysis the precipitates were found tobe composed of Ti, Al, and Si. X-ray diffraction showed the phase of precipitates to be theT$i_7$A$l_5$S$i_12$ternary compound.

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The Prediction of DEA based Efficiency Rating for Venture Business Using Multi-class SVM (다분류 SVM을 이용한 DEA기반 벤처기업 효율성등급 예측모형)

  • Park, Ji-Young;Hong, Tae-Ho
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.139-155
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    • 2009
  • For the last few decades, many studies have tried to explore and unveil venture companies' success factors and unique features in order to identify the sources of such companies' competitive advantages over their rivals. Such venture companies have shown tendency to give high returns for investors generally making the best use of information technology. For this reason, many venture companies are keen on attracting avid investors' attention. Investors generally make their investment decisions by carefully examining the evaluation criteria of the alternatives. To them, credit rating information provided by international rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch is crucial source as to such pivotal concerns as companies stability, growth, and risk status. But these types of information are generated only for the companies issuing corporate bonds, not venture companies. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating venture businesses by presenting our recent empirical results using financial data of Korean venture companies listed on KOSDAQ in Korea exchange. In addition, this paper used multi-class SVM for the prediction of DEA-based efficiency rating for venture businesses, which was derived from our proposed method. Our approach sheds light on ways to locate efficient companies generating high level of profits. Above all, in determining effective ways to evaluate a venture firm's efficiency, it is important to understand the major contributing factors of such efficiency. Therefore, this paper is constructed on the basis of following two ideas to classify which companies are more efficient venture companies: i) making DEA based multi-class rating for sample companies and ii) developing multi-class SVM-based efficiency prediction model for classifying all companies. First, the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a non-parametric multiple input-output efficiency technique that measures the relative efficiency of decision making units(DMUs) using a linear programming based model. It is non-parametric because it requires no assumption on the shape or parameters of the underlying production function. DEA has been already widely applied for evaluating the relative efficiency of DMUs. Recently, a number of DEA based studies have evaluated the efficiency of various types of companies, such as internet companies and venture companies. It has been also applied to corporate credit ratings. In this study we utilized DEA for sorting venture companies by efficiency based ratings. The Support Vector Machine(SVM), on the other hand, is a popular technique for solving data classification problems. In this paper, we employed SVM to classify the efficiency ratings in IT venture companies according to the results of DEA. The SVM method was first developed by Vapnik (1995). As one of many machine learning techniques, SVM is based on a statistical theory. Thus far, the method has shown good performances especially in generalizing capacity in classification tasks, resulting in numerous applications in many areas of business, SVM is basically the algorithm that finds the maximum margin hyperplane, which is the maximum separation between classes. According to this method, support vectors are the closest to the maximum margin hyperplane. If it is impossible to classify, we can use the kernel function. In the case of nonlinear class boundaries, we can transform the inputs into a high-dimensional feature space, This is the original input space and is mapped into a high-dimensional dot-product space. Many studies applied SVM to the prediction of bankruptcy, the forecast a financial time series, and the problem of estimating credit rating, In this study we employed SVM for developing data mining-based efficiency prediction model. We used the Gaussian radial function as a kernel function of SVM. In multi-class SVM, we adopted one-against-one approach between binary classification method and two all-together methods, proposed by Weston and Watkins(1999) and Crammer and Singer(2000), respectively. In this research, we used corporate information of 154 companies listed on KOSDAQ market in Korea exchange. We obtained companies' financial information of 2005 from the KIS(Korea Information Service, Inc.). Using this data, we made multi-class rating with DEA efficiency and built multi-class prediction model based data mining. Among three manners of multi-classification, the hit ratio of the Weston and Watkins method is the best in the test data set. In multi classification problems as efficiency ratings of venture business, it is very useful for investors to know the class with errors, one class difference, when it is difficult to find out the accurate class in the actual market. So we presented accuracy results within 1-class errors, and the Weston and Watkins method showed 85.7% accuracy in our test samples. We conclude that the DEA based multi-class approach in venture business generates more information than the binary classification problem, notwithstanding its efficiency level. We believe this model can help investors in decision making as it provides a reliably tool to evaluate venture companies in the financial domain. For the future research, we perceive the need to enhance such areas as the variable selection process, the parameter selection of kernel function, the generalization, and the sample size of multi-class.

Nonhydrostatic Effects on Convectively Forced Mesoscale Flows (대류가 유도하는 중규모 흐름에 미치는 비정역학 효과)

  • Woo, Sora;Baik, Jong-Jin;Lee, Hyunho;Han, Ji-Young;Seo, Jaemyeong Mango
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.293-305
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    • 2013
  • Nonhydrostatic effects on convectively forced mesoscale flows in two dimensions are numerically investigated using a nondimensional model. An elevated heating that represents convective heating due to deep cumulus convection is specified in a uniform basic flow with constant stability, and numerical experiments are performed with different values of the nonlinearity factor and nonhydrostaticity factor. The simulation result in a linear system is first compared to the analytic solution. The simulated vertical velocity field is very similar to the analytic one, confirming the high accuracy of nondimensional model's solutions. When the nonhydrostaticity factor is small, alternating regions of upward and downward motion above the heating top appear. On the other hand, when the nonhydrostaticity factor is relatively large, alternating updraft and downdraft cells appear downwind of the main updraft region. These features according to the nonhydrostaticity factor appear in both linear and nonlinear flow systems. The location of the maximum vertical velocity in the main updraft region differs depending on the degrees of nonlinearity and nonhydrostaticity. Using the Taylor-Goldstein equation in a linear, steady-state, invscid system, it is analyzed that evanescent waves exist for a given nonhydrostaticity factor. The critical wavelength of an evanescent wave is given by ${\lambda}_c=2{\pi}{\beta}$, where ${\beta}$ is the nonhydrostaticity factor. Waves whose wavelengths are smaller than the critical wavelength become evanescent. The alternating updraft and downdraft cells are formed by the superposition of evanescent waves and horizontally propagating parts of propagating waves. Simulation results show that the horizontal length of the updraft and downdraft cells is the half of the critical wavelength (${\pi}{\beta}$) in a linear flow system and larger than ${\pi}{\beta}$ in a weakly nonlinear flow system.

A Comparison of Discriminating Powers Between 14 Microsatellite markers and 60 SNP Markers Applicable to the Cattle Identification Test (소 동일성 검사에 적용 가능한 14 Microsatellite marker와 60 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism marker 간의 판별 효율성 비교)

  • Lim, Hyun-Tae;Seo, Bo-Yeong;Jung, Eun-Ji;Yoo, Chae-Kyoung;Yoon, Du-Hak;Jeon, Jin-Tae
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2009
  • When 14 microsatellite (MS) markers were applied in the identifying test for 480 Hanwoo, the discriminating power was estimated as $3.43{\times}10^{-27}$ based on the assumption of a random mating group (PI). This rate is 1,000 times higher than that of 60 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On the other hand, the power of the 60 SNP markers was estimated as $4.69{\times}10^{-20}$ and $8.02{\times}10^{-12}$ on the assumption of a half-sib mating group ($PI_{half-sibs}$) and a full-sib mating group ($PI_{sibs}$), respectively. These powers were 10 times and 10,000 times higher than those of the 14 MS markers. The results indicated that the total number of alleles (MS vs SNP = 146 vs 120) acted as a key factor for the discriminating power in a random mating population, and the total number of markers (MS vs SNP = 14 vs 60) was a dominant influence on the power in half-sib and full-sib populations. In the Hanwoo population, in which it was assumed that the entire population is the enormous half-sib group formed by the absolute genetic contribution of a few nuclear bulls, there will be only a 10 times difference in the discriminating power between the 14 MS markers and the 60 SNP makers. However, the probability of not excluding a candidate parent pair from the parentage of an arbitrary offspring, given that only the genotype of the offspring ($PNE_{pp}$) was 1,000 times higher as shown by the 14 MS markers than that by the 60 SNP markers. The strong points of SNP makers are the stability of the variation (low mutation rate) and automation of high-throughput genotyping. In order to apply these merits for the practical and constant Hanwoo identity test, research and development are required to set a cost-effective platform and produce a homemade apparatus for SNP genotyping.

Study on Wood-Plastic Combination - On the Penetration of MMA Polymer and Dimensional Stability - (복합목재(複合木材)(WPC)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - MMA Polymer의 침투(浸透)와 치수안정화(安定化) -)

  • Lee, Won-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 1983
  • This study dealts with the penetration of methyl methacrylate(MMA) monomer-solvent system into five Korean major tree species, especially the Pinus koraiensis S. et Z., Pinus densiflora S. et Z., Larix leptoiepis Gordon, Quercus serrata Thunb. and Betula platyphylla var japonica Hara. In this report I described the results of the interaction between wood and polymer loading by catalyst-heat polymerization. On the other hand the influence of penetration of polymer loading on dimensional stabilization on WPC of Pinus koraiensis by catalyst-heat polymerization was also investigated.

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A Study on GPU-based Iterative ML-EM Reconstruction Algorithm for Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging Systems (방출단층촬영 시스템을 위한 GPU 기반 반복적 기댓값 최대화 재구성 알고리즘 연구)

  • Ha, Woo-Seok;Kim, Soo-Mee;Park, Min-Jae;Lee, Dong-Soo;Lee, Jae-Sung
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.459-467
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) is the statistical reconstruction algorithm derived from probabilistic model of the emission and detection processes. Although the ML-EM has many advantages in accuracy and utility, the use of the ML-EM is limited due to the computational burden of iterating processing on a CPU (central processing unit). In this study, we developed a parallel computing technique on GPU (graphic processing unit) for ML-EM algorithm. Materials and Methods: Using Geforce 9800 GTX+ graphic card and CUDA (compute unified device architecture) the projection and backprojection in ML-EM algorithm were parallelized by NVIDIA's technology. The time delay on computations for projection, errors between measured and estimated data and backprojection in an iteration were measured. Total time included the latency in data transmission between RAM and GPU memory. Results: The total computation time of the CPU- and GPU-based ML-EM with 32 iterations were 3.83 and 0.26 see, respectively. In this case, the computing speed was improved about 15 times on GPU. When the number of iterations increased into 1024, the CPU- and GPU-based computing took totally 18 min and 8 see, respectively. The improvement was about 135 times and was caused by delay on CPU-based computing after certain iterations. On the other hand, the GPU-based computation provided very small variation on time delay per iteration due to use of shared memory. Conclusion: The GPU-based parallel computation for ML-EM improved significantly the computing speed and stability. The developed GPU-based ML-EM algorithm could be easily modified for some other imaging geometries.

Preparation of Ni-doped Gamma Alumina from Gibbsite and Its Characteristics (깁사이트로부터 니켈피착 감마알루미나의 제조 및 특성)

  • Lee, Hyun;Chung, In-Sung;Park, Hee-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.8 no.12
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    • pp.1158-1164
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    • 1998
  • Aluminium sulfate solution was prepared by sulfuric acid treatment from gibbsite. Aluminium sulfate hydrate [$Al_2(SO_4)_3$ · $nH_2O$] was precipitated from aluminium sulfate solution by adding it into ethylalcohol. From XRD analysis as-prepared $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ · $nH_2O$ was confirmed to have mixed-crystalization water(n=18, 16, 12, 6). The average water of crystalization calculated from thermogravimetry(TG) was 14.7. Aluminium sulfate hydrate [$Al_2(SO_4)_3$ · $nH_2O$] was thermally decomposed and converted to $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ at $800^{\circ}C$, $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ at $900-1000^{\circ}C$, and $\alpha-Al_2O_3$ at $1200^{\circ}C$. Ni-doped $\gamma-Al_2O_3$, was synthesized from the slurry of as-prepared $\gamma-Al_2O_3$, with the ratio of [Ni]/[Al]=0.5. The reaction conditions of synthesis were determined as initial pH 9.0 and temperature $80^{\circ}C$ The basicity(pH) of slurry was controlled by using urea and $NH_4OH$ solution. Urea was also used for deposition-precipitation. For determining termination of reaction, the data acquisition was performed by oxidation reduction potential(ORP), conductivity and pH value in the process of reaction. Termination of the reaction was decided by observing the reaction steps and rapid decrease in conductivity. On the other hand, BET(Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) and thermal diffusity of Ni- doped $\gamma-Al_2O_3$, with various content of Ni were measured and compared. Thermal stability of Ni- doped $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ at $1250^{\circ}C$ was confirmed from BET and XRD analysis. The surface state of Ni-doped $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The binding energy at $Ni2P_{3/2}$ increased with increasing the formation of $NiAl_2O_4$ phase.

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A Study on the Moisturizing Effect and Preparation of Liquid Crystal Structures Using Sucrose Distearate Emulsifier (슈크로오스디스테아레이트를 사용한 액정구조의 생성과 보습효과에 관한 연구)

  • Kwak, Myeong-Heon;Kim, In-Young;Lee, Hwan-Myung;Park, Joo-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2016
  • This study is to make the liquid crystalline structure using sucrose distearate (Sucro-DS) emulsifier to create the hydrophilic type oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, the droplets of the emulsion having a structure of a multi-lamellar structure. We have studied the physicochemical properties of Sucro-DS using those techniques. And it has been studied in the emulsion performance. In order to form the liquid crystalline structure applying 3 wt% of Sucro-DS, 5 wt% of glycerin, 5 wt% of squalane, 5 wt% of capric/caprylic triglyceride, 3wt% of cetostearyl alcohol, 1wt% of glyceryl mono-stearate, 78 wt% of pure water in mixture having the lamellar structure of stable multi-layer system was found to formed. By applying them, they were described how to create an unstable active material encapsulated cream. Further, the moisturizing cream was studied using this technique. It reported the results to the skin improvement effect by the human clinical trials. The pH range to produce a stable liquid crystal phase using a Sucro-DS was maintained in 5.2~7.5. In order to increase the stability of the liquid crystal, it was when behenyl alcohol containing 3 wt%, the hardness at this time was 13 kg/mm,min. Viscosity of the same amount was 25,000mPas/min. After a test for the effects of the emulsions, the concentration of 6 wt% Sucro-DS is that was appropriate, the particle size of the liquid crystal was 4~6mm. It was observed through a microscope analysis, reliability of the liquid crystal changes for 3 months was found to get stable at each $4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$. In clinical trial test, before applying a moisturizing effect it was $13.4{\pm}7%$. Moisturizing cream liquid crystal was not formed in $14.5{\pm}5%$. Therefore, applying than ever before could see the moisture about 8.2% was improved. On the other hand, it was the moisturizing effect of the liquid cream is $19.2{\pm}7%$. The results showed that 43.3% improvement than that previously used. Applications fields, Sucro-DS emulsifier used liquid cream, lotion, eye cream and a variety of formulations can be developed, as well as the cosmetics industry is expected to be wide fields in the application of the external preparation for skin emulsion technology in the pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical industry.

Effects of Heat, pH, and Gamma Irradiation Treatments on Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Sargassum thunbergii Ethanol Extract (지충이(Sargassum thunbergii) 에탄올 추출물의 Lipase 저해활성에 미치는 열, pH 및 감마선 조사의 영향)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Kim, Min-Ji;SunWoo, Chan;Jung, Seul-A;Kim, Hyun-Jee;Jeong, Da-Hyun;Kim, Tae-Wan;Cho, Young-Je;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.566-570
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    • 2012
  • Inhibitory activity of $Sargassum$ $thunbergii$ (ST) against porcine pancreatic lipase was assessed after heat treatment, pH changes, and gamma irradiation. This analysis revealed that the ST ethanol extract exhibited high lipase inhibitory activity (37.37%) at 5 mg/mL. The ST ethanol extract was treated with heat at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10, 30, and 60 min; 80 and $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 and 20 min; and $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) and ${\gamma}$-irradiation (3, 7 and 20 kGy). The lipase inhibitory activity of the ST ethanol extract increased in all heat treatments, especially at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min (51.55%) compared with the control. With regard to pH stability, the ST ethanol extract showed no significant changes at pH 4~8, but somewhat decreased inhibitory activity was revealed at pH 2 (26.25%) and 10 (29.93%). On the other hand, the ST ethanol extract was not affected by ${\gamma}$-irradiation treatment conditions used in this study. These results suggest that ST has a potential role as a functional food agent.