• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to find on the screening of a optimal variety after compare with characteristics of a colored soybean recommended and a vegetable soybean by pure line isolation from the indigenous variety in Chungnam area. The budding period in results compared with a budding property of testing varieties between the recommended colored soybean 6 varieties and the indigenous 3 varieties, was showed that it was delayed by increasing of a grain weight but the budding rate was not significant. And the harvest period was the most early day at the black colored soybean plot at the 30th July and was the latest day at the native variety (Nonsan jaerae) at the 21 th October. The stem length was showed a wide range from 25 to 104 cm, and the Asan jaerae in this result was the highest on 104 cm, but the Geomjeongolkong was the lowest on 25 cm. The number of pod per plant was searched about 9 to 111 range, and the most numerous plot in this experimental varieties was the Ilpumgeomjeongkong as 111 number, on the other hand, the least variety was the Asan jaerae as 9 number. The rate of more than 2 seed per pod in the vegetable soybean property was the highest at the Geomjeongolkong about 82%. Additionally, the Hwangkuemkong and Geomjeongkong 1 was relatively the high levels as 78% and 73%, respectively. At the pod yield per $1000\;m^2$ (10a) was the most much as 1,567 kg at the Ilpumgeomjeongkong. Also, the Sunheukkong and the Galmikong was 1,468 kg, 1,397 kg, respectively. Therefore, the Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Sunheukkong, and Galmikong were proper varieties for the vegetable cultivation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.477-486
• /
• 2017

In this study, we analyze precise seabed geomorphology and conditions for comparing the nearshore areas of the Dongdo(East Island) and the Seodo(West Island) using detailed bathymetry data and seafloor backscattering images, in Dokdo, the East Sea. We have been obtained the detailed bathymetry data and the seafloor backscattering data. The survey range is about $250m{\times}250m$ including land of islets to the nearshore areas of the southern part of the Dongdo and the Seodo. As a result of bathymetry survey, the southern area of the Dongdo(~50 m) is deeper than the Seodo(~30 m) in the water depth. The survey areas are consist of extended bedrocks from land of the Dongdo and the Seodo. The underwater rock region of the Seodo is larger than the Dongdo. In spite of similar extended rocks features from islets, there are some distinctive seabed characteristics between the southern nearshore areas of the Dongdo and the Seodo. The Talus-shaped seafloor environment formed by gravel and underwater rocks originating from the land of the Dongdo is up to about 15 m depth. And the boundary line of between extended bedrocks and seabottom is unclear in the southern nearshore of the Dongdo. On the other hand, the southern coast of the Seodo is characterized by relatively large scale underwater rocks and evenly distributed sediments, which clearly distinguish the boundary of between extended bedrocks and seafloor. This is because the tuff layers exposed to the coastal cliffs of the Dongdo are weak against weathering and erosion. It is considered that there are more influences of the clastic sediments carried from the land of the Dongdo compared with the Seodo. Particularly, the land of the Dongdo has been undergoing construction activities. And also a highly unstable ground such as faults, joints and cracks appears in the Dongdo. In previous study, there are dissimilar features of the massive tuff breccia formations of the Dongdo and the Seodo. These conditions are thought to have influenced the different seabed characteristics in the southern nearshore areas of the Dongdo and the Seodo.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2002

Optic lobes of Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor are largely divided into cortex and medulla, the cortex being composed of three layers (an outer granule cell layer, a plexiform layer, and an inner granule cell layer). The cortex of Todarodes pacificus is about $420{\sim}450{\mu}m$ thick, being $170{\sim}200{\mu}m$ thicker than that of Octopus minor of which thickness is about $250{\sim}290{\mu}m$. In the outer granule cell layer of Todarodes pacificus, three types of nerve cells (type-A, type-B and type-C) and neuroglial cells that surround or contact with the neurons are observed, while in the outer granule cell layer of Octopus minor, two types of nerve cells (type-A and type-B) and a single type of neuroglial cells are observed. In a plexiform layer, a presynaptic bag and nerve endings are connected to each other, consequently forming various types of synaptosomes. The synaptosomes of Todarodes pacificus contain electron dense vesicles, electron dense-core vesicles and electron lucent vesicles, either individually or in a mixture. On the other hand, three types of synaptosomes a mixture of electron dense-core vesicles and electron lucent vesicles, electron lucent vesicles only, and electron dense-core vesicles only are observed in Octopus minor. The structures of the inner granule cell layer are almost similar in the two species. It is composed of two types of nerve cells (type-A, type-B) and a single type of neuroglial cells. In the medulla of Todarodes pacificus, the cells of $7{\times}5{\mu}m$ are arranged to a line and form the palisade cell layer, but these are not observed in Octopus minor.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2002

In DNA level, genetic study of Angelica species was firstly conducted to discriminate the bolting-resistant or low bolting variety, so called as Manchu, from other Korea collected lines and also this technuque was applied to identify the origin of commercial dried materials obtained from current oriental medicinal market. By RAPD analysis with 72 primers including sixty of 10-mers and twelve of 20-mers, respectively, three primers, which were related to the bolting resistant traits of Angelica gigas, were identified. Comparing the RAPD bands, URP04 primer showed the 1.7 kb specific band, which seemed to be related to delaying bolting traits, since it was observed only in Jinbu elite lines but not in others. On the other hand, since 1.2 kb band amplified by OPD11 was observed in other collected lines but not in Manchu var. and Jinbu line, this primer also could be considered as a selection marker for identifying bolting resistant or delaying bolting traits. In the same manner, since OPP09 did not show 1 kb major band but produced 0.8 kb and 1.2 kb bands in Manchu var., these three bands amplified by the primer could be considered one of the important key specifying Manchu var. related with the trait of Angelica gigas. OPC02 primer showed the same band patterns in all Korean collected lines, but not in other foreign introduced lines, such as A. sinensis from China, and A. acutiloba from Japan. Since these four RAPD primers, OPD11, OPP09, URP04, and OPC02 showed the specific polymorphisms in Angelica species, thus, these were useful to discriminate the three Angelica species, A. gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1973

Numerous factors concern with the absorption of substances through the membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. To simplify the experimental condition, present work has been restricted to observe the disappearance rate of substance from the intestinal loop which was made in the jejunum, 70 cm apart from the pylorus of the adult rabbit. The purpose of the study is to clarify the absorption of urea through the jejunal wall is solely attributable to the concentration difference between the luminal fluid and plasma, and to observe the effect of adding red pepper upon the rate of absorption. The rabbits were anesthetized with nembutal, 35mg/kg I.V. Jejunal loop was made by ligating at 2 spots, 70 cm and 80cm apart from the pylorus. After rinsing with normal saline solution through the polyethylene tubing inserted from the end of the loop, 8 ml of test solution was placed through the same tubing. The test solution contained 200 mg% of urea and 150mg% of polyethylene glycol(M.W. 4,000) in normal saline solution. Right after placing the test solution the first specimen was taken through the tubing, and successive samplings were performed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Logarithm of the difference of urea concentration between the luminal fluid and plasma was plotted against time elapsed after the onset of the experiment. If straight line is revealed, it would verify the nature of transport mechanism as diffusion, obeying the Fick's principle. The concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was also measured in order to examine the change in the volume. PEG was used as the marker substance because it is not absorbable in the intestinal tract. Consequently the concentration of PEG relates inversely to the volume of the loop. Instantaneous concentration of urea in the loop times the volume will give the amount of urea remaining in the luminal fluid. The change in the amount of any substance is directly relate to the volume of the compartment and differs from the change in the concentration which is independent of the volume. After completion of the experiment without red pepper, it was added in the test solution and was centrifuged after thorough mixing. Supernatant of the mixture was placed in the loop and similar sampling were performed with the same time intervals that of previous run in order to observe the effects of the red pepper on the passive transport of the water soluble small substance, urea. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Logarithm of the concentration difference of urea between the luminal fluid and plasma was diminished exponentially as time elapsed. The decay constant in the experiment without red pepper was 0.0563/min. By adding red pepper in the test solution as much as the concentration rose to 4,000 mg% and 8,000 mg%, the decay constants were lowered to 0.0493/min and to 0.0506/min, respectively. The time interval by which the concentration difference dropped to one half of the initial value was prolonged. Without red pepper the half concentration time was 13.30 minutes, and by adding extract of red pepper, 15.31 minutes and 15.71 minutes were revealed. 2. The profile of the diminishing rate of tile amount of urea was quite different from that of the concentration because of the change in the volume of the loop during the observed period. 3. By adding the extract of red pepper, it slowed down the rate of absorption of urea in the intestinal loop, suggesting an increase in the diffusional barrier. 4. Larger dosage of red pepper brought an increase in the secretion of intestinal fluid with concomitant expansion of the luminal volume, and the retardation of the absorption of urea was noticed. This effect was largely dependent on the sensitivity of the individual animal to the red pepper, extract. The amount of urea remained after 10 minutes interval was 55.5% of the initial amount in the experiment without red pepper. On the other hand it was not consistent after administration of red pepper, showing 50.6% and 66.5% of the initial figures by adding 400 mg and 800 mg of red pepper in the test solution, respectively. It was postulated that symptom of diarrhea often encountered by taking a hot (red pepper) food might be attributable to the increase of secretion and the retardation of absorption in the intestinal tract.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.1084-1091
• /
• 2015

Aquaculture of olive flounder started in the middle of 1980's and now farming has been taken place in many places along the coastal line in Korea. The taste of olive flounder has a good chewy texture because of high collagen content, low fat content, so it is popular for sliced raw fish. Olive flounder is popular among Koreans but the consumption pattern is uniformly so as to be used as sliced raw fish but not other ways. So, now there needs to develop high valued-processed food using olive flounder. This study was set to investigate the processing of terrine by using olive flounder, in which terrine is French style meat loaf that is well favored around the world. In this study, terrine was prepared by chopping olive flounder meat with 39 g egg white and 10 mL fresh cream (per 50 g fillet) and then seasoned with 5 mL lemon juice, 5 mL brandy, 0.05 g salt and 0.05 g pepper. The 25 g of dough was placed on a vinyl wrap, put with 2 g cheese, and layered an another 25 g dough, and then rolled up and wrapped by aluminium foil. Two different cooking methods were used for terrine processing in this study. Terrine-1 was cooked by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) after boiling for 5 min and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Terrine-2 was prepared by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. After 7 days, Terrine-1 was thawed and then heated up in microwave for 2 min (Sample-1), while Terrine-2 was thawed and then boiled in water for 5 min (Sample-2). Viable bacterial count, chemical composition, pH, salinity, hardness, TBA, free amino acid content, and sensory evaluation were measured for both Sample-1 and Sample-2. Especially, the scores of sensory evaluation of Sample-2 is slightly higher than that of Sample-1. On the other hand, there were no significant differences on color, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance between Sample-1 and Sample-2.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.101-135
• /
• 1968

As physical fitness measured was muscle strength (hand grips, leg extention, back lift, and arm pull and thrust), skinfold thickness (5 different sites), circulatory function (resting heart rate and blood pressure), speed (kinesiological analysis during 100m sprint, record, maximal and final speed), motor function (50 meter dash, ball throwing, standing broad jump, and pull-ups), maximal aerobic power (maximum oxygen intake by field running method), muscle power (leg and arm by inertia ergometer), and general endurance (maximum endurance running time on the treadmill at the speed of 5 MPH and grade of 15.5%) of 1131 Korean children (boys 572, girls 559) aged of 6 to 17 years, who were randomly sampled from 24 primary, middle and high schools at the two districts of Seoul and KyungKi. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The status (height and weight) of the children was almost same as that of the previously reported Korean and Japanese children of same ages. 2) Muscle strength was a gained linearly with geting age in the boys and girls but there was a little improvement in girls aged of 13 years or more. 3) The mean skin fold thickness was increased linearly with geting ages in both sexes, but the girls from 12 to 17 years of age were increased rapidly, and maximum value was 17mm, while boys was 7.0 mm. 4) In the circulatory function, the resting heart rate was decreased, but the blood pressure was increased with ages in both sexes within the normal limits. 5) The maximum and final speed during 100 meter sprint increases with age in boys but girls who are 12 years old or older, were not improved any mere. The patterns of running were same in both sexes, and maximum speed reached at about 30 meters from starting line. 6) The motor function was increased with age in both sexes, but there was no improvement in 12 years of age or older girls. More over records of all functions except standing broad jump was less than those of Japanese in the same age, respectively. 7) The maximum oxygen intake (MOI) was increased considerably with ages and maximum values were 2.93 L/min (boys) and 2.09 L/min (girls) at the age of 17years. This result was almost same as that of the Japanese and Easter Island population, but the value was lower than that of Europe. The average of the maximum oxygen intake per kg body weight per minute from 9 to 17 years of age were around 53 ml in the boys and 42 ml in the girls. 8) Muscle power was increased linearly with ages in boys while there was relatively a little increment in girls. The maximum values of leg muscle in boys and girls at the 17 years of age were 0.168 and 0.088 horse power, respectively. 9) The maximum endurance running time was increased considerably from the age of 9 in boys, while there was no improvement in girls. The maximum values were 6.0 min and 1.8 min, respectively.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.36
• /
• pp.469-491
• /
• 2014

Webtoon has developed the method that makes it possible to express sound visually. Also we can also hear sound in webtoon through the development of web technology. It is natural that we analyze the sound that we can hear, but we can also analyze the sound that we can not hear. This study is based on 'dual code' in cognitive psychology. Cartoonists can make visual expression on the basis of auditive impression and memory, and readers can recall the sound through the process of memory and memory-retrieval. This study analyzes both audible sound and inaudable sound. Concise analysis owes the method to film sound theory. Three main factor, Volume, pitch, and tone are recognized by frequency in acoustics. On the other hand they are expressed by the thickness and site of line and image of sound source. The visual expression of in screen sound and off screen sound is related to the frame of comics. Generally the outside of frame means off sound, but some off sound is in the frame. In addition, horror comics use much sound for the effect of genre like horror film. When analyzing comics sound using this kinds of the method film sound analysis, we can find that webtoon has developed creative expression method comparing with simple ones of early comics. Especially arranging frames and expressing sound following and vertical moving are new ones in webtoon. Also types and arrangement of frame has been varied. BGM is the first in using audible sound and recently BGM composed mixing sound effect is being used. In addition, the program which makes it possible for readers to hear sound according to scroll moving. Especially horror genre raise the genre effects using this technology. Various methods of visualizing sound are being created, and the change shows that webtoon could be the model of convergence in contents.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.64
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 2006

Information devices such as a cellular phone, smart phone, and PDA become smaller to such an extent that people put them into their pockets without any difficulties. This drastic miniaturization causes to deteriorate the readability of text-based contents. The morphological characteristics of size and proportion are supposed to have close relationships with the pocketability and text readability of mobile information devices. This research was aimed to investigate the optimal morphological characteristics to satisfy the two usability factors together. For this purpose, we conducted an controlled experiment, which was designed to evaluate the pocketability according to $size(4000mm^2/8000mm^2)$, proportion(1:1/2:1/3:1), and weight(100g/200g) of information devices as well as participants' pose and carrying method. In the case of male participants putting the models of information device into their pockets, 2:1 morphological proportion was preferred. On the other hand, the female participants carrying the models in their hands preferred 2:1 proportion$(size:4000mm^2{\times}2mm)$ and 3:1 proportion$(size:8000mm^2{\times}20mm)$. For the device in the size of $4000mm^2$, it was found that the weight of device has an significant effect on pocketability. In consequence, 2:1 proportion is optimal to achieve better pocketability. The second experiment was about how text readability is affected by size $(2000mm^2/4000mm^2/8000mm^2)$ and proportion(1:1/2:1/3:1) of information devices as well as interlinear space of displayed text(135%/200%). From this experiment result, it was found that reading speed was increased as line length increased. Regarding the subjective assessment on reading task, 2:1 proportion was strongly preferred. Based on these results, we suggest 2:l proportion as an optimal proportion that satisfy pocketability of mobile information devices and text readability displayed on the screen together. To apply these research outputs to a practical design work efficiently, it is important to take into account the fact that the space for input devices is also required in addition to a display screen.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.218-234
• /
• 2004

Recent warm winters were evaluated for a possible shifting of the northern limit for winter barley cultivation in Korea. Therefore, safe zones for winter barley cultivation were reclassified based on the average and minimum January air temperature in recent years. The results are as follows: By analysis of mean values of January average air temperatures for 30 years (1971-2000), the northern limits for safe cultivation of hulled, naked, and malting barley were Ganghwa - Icheon - Chungju - Chunyang - Goseong, Cheonan - Geumsan - Mungyeong - Andong - Sokcho, and Gwangju - Jangheung - Sancheong - Pohang - Uljin lines, respectively. Meanwhile, based on the January average air temperature of 14 years (1987-2000) with warmer winters, the safe cultivation zone of winter barley shifted northward of the normal (1971-2000). So, the northern limits for hulled, naked, and malting barley were Pocheon - Chuncheon - Wonju - Yangpyeong - Chunyang, Ganghwa - Icheon - Chungju - Uiseong - Goseong, and Gunsan - Suncheon - Jinju - Miryang - Yeongdeok - Uljin lines, respectively. Winter barley cultivars with the strongest tolerance to low temperature can be grown up to the adjacent areas of Taebaek Mountains (that is, Inje, Hongcheon, Jecheon, and Taebaek areas). Based on January mean air temperatures of 10-year return period for 30 years (1971-2000), the northern limits for hulled and naked barley were Boryeong - Namwon - Geochang - Gumi - Goseong and Seocheon - Jeongeup - Hapcheon - Yeongdeok - Sokcho lines, respectively. It ~ppears that malting barley can be cultivated only at southern coastal areas (that is, Busan, Tongyeong, Yeosu, and Wando areas). On the other hand, based on the weather conditions of 14 years (1987-2000) with warmer winters, the northern limits for hulled, naked, and malting barley were Ganghwa - Icheon - Yeongju - Goseong, Seosan - Namwon - Mungyeong - Andong - Sokcho, and Gwangju - Jangheung - Sacheon - Ulsan - Uljin lines, respectively. The northern limit for winter barley cultivars including Olbori with the strongest tolerance to low temperature was the Ganghwa - Wonju - Chungju - Chunyang - Goseong line.