• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.758-769
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• 2021

Today, functional gloves must allow the wearer to perform many kinds of delicate work while protecting the hands from hazardous materials. In this study, multiple analyses of 3D hand measurements were performed to provide information on the hand size and shape required for the design of functional gloves for adult men. Size and shape characteristics were identified from 19 different hand measurements, and three factors were collected through factor analysis. The aggregated factor score was used to classify men's hand shapes into three types. These types showed different distribution patterns according to age, indicating a significant distribution difference between hand type and age group. Discriminant analysis extracted nine items that highly contributed to determining hand type. However, since the data provided by Size Korea have some limitations in fully representing hand shape, sampling additional types of hand measurements and using consistent conditions and methods are required for more accurate analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.8 s.210
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

The hand performs functions such as grabbing and other movements. In order to accomplish these movements in various kinds of operational environments, appropriate gloves must be worn to protect your hands. Choosing the appropriate type of glove is very important when wearing gloves in these types of operational environments. The reasons one wears gloves varies depending on age and gender. Unmarried women in their early twenties, for example, occasionally wear gloves for decoration rather than for functional reasons. However, previous studies examined a range of topics, and as such investigations dealing with specific body shape and demands of consumer are needed. Therefore in this study, the hands of unmarried women ranging in age from 20 to 24 were measured and hand shape types were analyzed in order to present basal data which can be used to help design improved glove patterns and produce appropriate, functional gloves. A total of 261 Korean women were measured. Fifty-seven right hand dimensions were measured and five dimensions from both hands were measured. Six factors were identified through factor analysis and those factors constituted $73.259\%$ of total variance. Two clusters of hand shapes were categorized using 6 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 hand shape is defined as long hands with small width, girth, and thickness, long and thin fingers, and high vertical palm height. Type 2 hand shape is defined as short hands with large width, girth and thickness, short fingers, thick knuckles, and short vertical palm height. The characteristics of type 1 and 2 hand shapes are similar to women's hand type classification results from previous reports, but there was a significant difference in subject distribution by type. Therefore, standard data on hand shapes should be produced by developing measuring instruments and selling more accurate standard measuring points. By doing this it could help in the development of improved glove patterns, and also aid in planning production based on hand type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.992-995
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• 2003

A haptic device operated by the user's hand can receive information on position and orientation of the hand and display force and moment generated in the virtual environment to the hand. For realistic haptic display, the detailed information on collision between objects is necessary. In the past, the point-based graphic environment has been used in which the end effector of a haptic device was represented as a point and the interaction of this point with the virtual environment was investigated. In this paper, the shape-based graphic environment is proposed in which the interaction of the shape with the environment is considered to analyze collision or contact more accurately. To this end. the so-called Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi (GJK) algorithm is adopted to compute collision points and collision instants between two shapes in the 3-D space. The 5- DOF haptic hand controller is used with the GJK algorithm to demonstrate a peg-in-hole operation in the virtual environment in conjunction with a haptic device. It is shown from various experiments that the shape-based representation with the GJK algorithm can provide more realistic haptic display for peg-in-hole operations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1931-1940
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a new hand shape recognition algorithm based on the geometric features using the convex-hull from the depth image acquired by Kinect system. Kinect is a camera providing a depth image and user's skeleton information and used for detecting hand region. In the proposed algorithm, hand region is detected in a depth image acquired by Kinect and convex-hull of the region is found. Boundary points caused by noise and unnecessary points for recognition are eliminated in the convex-hull that changes depending on hand shape. Hand shape is recognized by the sum of internal angle of a polygon that is matched with convex-hull reconstructed with selected boundary points. Through experiments, we confirm that proposed algorithm shows high recognition rate not only for five models but also those cases rotated.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

According to the increasing mobile security users who have experienced authentication failure by forgetting passwords, user names, or a response to a knowledge-based question have preference for biological information such as hand geometry, fingerprints, voice in personal identification and authentication. Therefore biometric verification of personal identification and authentication for mobile security provides assurance to both the customer and the seller in the internet. Our study focuses on human hand biometric information recognition system for personal identification and personal Authentication, including its shape, palm features and the lengths and widths of the fingers taken from mobile phone photographs such as iPhone4 and galaxy s2. Our hand biometric information recognition system consists of six steps processing: image acquisition, preprocessing, removing noises, extracting standard hand feature extraction, individual feature pattern extraction, hand biometric information recognition for personal identification and authentication from input images. The validity of the proposed system from mobile phone image is demonstrated through 93.5% of the sucessful recognition rate for 250 experimental data of hand shape images and palm information images from 50 subjects.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

A specialized anthropomorphic robot hand which can be attached to the biped humanoid robot MAHRU-R in KIST, has been developed. This built-in type hand consists of three fingers and a thumb with total four DOF(Degrees of Freedom) where the finger mechanism is well designed for grasping typical objects stably in human's daily activities such as sphere and cylinder shaped objects. The restriction of possible motions and the limitation of grasping objects arising from the reduction of DOF can be overcome by reflecting a typical human finger's motion profile to the design procedure. As a result, the developed hand can imitate not only human hand's shape but also its motion in a compact and efficient manner. Also this novel robot hand can perform various human hand gestures naturally and grasp normal objects with both power and precision grasping capability.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.768-771
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• 1997

Geometric probing addresses the problem of determining geometric aspects of a structure from the mathematics and results of a physical measuring device such as a probe. This paper presents a new algorithm to recognize the shape of an unknown object by using a robot hand with a force and torque sensor. The new algorithm is called S.E.P.(Shape Exploration Procedure) which finds the global shape of an unknown object. The proposed method is composed of three major parts, finding contact informations such as contact point, calculation of shape information such as curvature, and expression of global shape from these informations. Comparing with the conventional approaches, the advantages of the proposed method are explained and verified by conducting experiments with a 3-dof SCARA robot.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2004

In the current study, we measured the hands and other representative body items of 223 elementary school girls using Martin Anthropometer and a digital camera so that we would be able to provide information on both size and shape of hands for design of hand-related products. As time goes on, hands get bigger, yet they get thinner at the same time. The data implies that the frame of hands grows, but the skin fat lessens, which could be a determinant factor in the size system of hand-related products. According to the results of a factor analysis on 26 hand items, 5 factors including hand laterality and linearity, fingertip shape, finger breadth, and hand depth, have been extracted. Pearson's correlation showed that most of hand-related factors were strongly associated with other body items. Finger breadth and hand depth, however, were found less related to other body items. The ANOVA test used in testing the difference of hand factors showed, in most items, a difference by ages, but there was no significant differences in fingertip breadth, the third factor, Interestingly, in hand depth, the fifth factor, lower grade girls' hands were thicker than higher grade girls'. This research suggests that the size system of uniformly increasing the size of all hand parts by age groups should be reconsidered and leaves much for improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.134-147
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• 2006

A model experiment using circulation water channel was carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of bottom trawl net which can be used in sea mount of North Pacific. Hydrodynamic resistance and shape variation according to the flow velocity and angle of hand rope transformation for net were measured, and experimental value was analyzed as the value of full-scale bottom trawl net. The results summarized are as follows; At the $30^{\circ}$ of angle of hand rope to net, hydrodynamic resistance varied from 0.5kgf to 2.68kgf as the flow velocity increased between 0.31m/s and 0.92m/s, and formula of hydrodynamic resistance for the model net was $F_m=3.04\;{\cdot}\;{\upsilon}^{1.53}$. At the fixed angle of hand rope, Net height was low and Net width was high according to the increase of flow velocity, and in addition, vertical opening was low and Net width was high by the increase of angle of hand rope at the fixed flow velocity. At the $30^{\circ}$ of angle of hand rope to net, net opening area was $0.214m^2$ as flow velocity was 0.61m/s, and formula of net opening area for the model net was $S_m=-0.22{\upsilon}+0.35$. At the $30^{\circ}$ of angle of hand rope to net, catch efficiency seemed to be highest as $0.319m^3/s$ of filtering volume at the 0.76m/s(51kt's) of flow velocity. Shape variation of net showed the gradual laminar transform for the variation of flow velocity but there needed some improvements due to the occurrence of shortening at the ahead of wing net.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2015

Ultrasonic inspection robot systems have been widely researched and developed for the real-time monitoring of structures such as power plants. However, an inspection robot that is operated in a simple pattern has limitations in its application to various structures in a plant facility because of the diverse and complicated shapes of the inspection objects. Therefore, accurate control of the robot is required to inspect complicated objects with high-precision results. This paper presents the idea that the shape and movement information of an ultrasonic inspector's hand could be profitably utilized for the accurate control of robot. In this study, a polymer flex sensor was applied to monitor the shape of a human hand. This application was designed to intuitively control an ultrasonic inspection robot. The movement and shape of the hand were estimated by applying multiple sensors. Moreover, it was successfully shown that a test robot could be intuitively controlled based on the shape of a human hand estimated using polymer flex sensors.