• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2008

Four Wangs' landscape style (四王山水畵風), which had appeared in Beijing in the early 18th century, widely spread to Korea and Japan in the 19th century and became a significant basis for developing new painting styles in both countries. It was first introduced to Korea by Shin Wi (申緯) and Kim Jeong-hee (金正喜) who associated with literary men of the Qing Dynasty. Being influenced by them directly or indirectly, Shin Myeong-yeon (申命淵), Yi Han-cheol (李漢喆), Yu Suk (劉淑), Changv Seung-eop (張承業), An Choog-sik (安中植), and Jo Seok-jin (趙錫晋) attempted to adapt Four Wangs' landscape style and it later became a main Stream painting style of the Korean painting circles. Based on Four Wangs' landscape style, their landscape paintings had something in common in that they captured natural features from a short distance using the Down-Up prospective and placed guardian mountains across mountain streams by making a tall tree in the right or left bottom of the canvas as the starting point. However, recently unveiled court painter An Geon-yeong (1841~1876)'s the Landscape Screen is remarkable in that it is based on Four Wangs' style, which was in fashion in the late 19th century, but shows different aspects from other Four Wangs' style paintings in terms of feature capturing, brush stroke and colors. While most of An Geon-yeong's existing paintings are small ones, this folding screen is a big piece consisting of six-fold landscape paintings. In particular, it shows new aspects by creating a serene and calm atmosphere through the description of various landscape scenes with thin brush strokes using glossy ink, by showing a macroscopic view in some paintings through feature capture using a birds-eye view method, and by giving life to the canvas through smoke and clouds. This painting style is considered to be linked with those of Wang Xue-hao (王學浩, 1754~1832), Tang Yifen (湯貽汾, 1778~1853) and Dai Xi (戴熙, 1801~1860), based on Four Wangs' style in the early 19th century's Jiangnan Circle (江南 畵壇), who tried to express the energy and vitality of real landscapes by going around China's well-known mountains and complementing painting styles with drawing from nature. Therefore, An Geon-yeong's six-fold Landscape Screen is very significant as a rare case proving the introduction and reception of Jiangnan Circle's Four Wangs' landscape style which was different in many aspects from Beijing Circle in the 19th century.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2020

Objectives : Although the seasonality of suicide is a well-known phenomenon, little is reported about the seasonality of non-suicidal self-injury. The purpose of this study was to identify the seasonality of wristcutting behavior and to examine its relationship with meteorological factors. Methods : To identify the presence of seasonality, we investigated whether there was a difference in the average number of visits per month to an emergency room (ER) of an urban hospital for 226 patients with wrist-cutting behavior enrolled between December 2014 and May 2019. To ascertain significant meteorological factors, we used the multiple Poisson regression using generalized additive model with time, monthly temperature, monthly sunshine hour, and atmospheric pressure in the prior month as explanatory variables. Results : In males, the average number of monthly visits to the ER for wrist cutting behavior differed by month and was the highest in September (male : p=0.048, female : p=0.21, total : p=0.28). As a result of multiple regression analysis, the average number of patients admitted to the ER for wrist cutting behavior was related to the interaction between atmospheric pressure in the prior month and temperature in males (p=0.010), and showed a positive correlation with sunlight in females [p=0.044, β=4.70×10-3, 95% CI=(1.19×10-4, 9.27×10-3)]. Conclusions : Wrist cutting behavior shows seasonality in male, which is associated with changes in meteorological variables.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2021

The biological activities of non-edible extracts of asparagus stems and roots were investigated using hot water and ethanol. The highest contents of rutin and total polyphenol were 31.74 mg/g and 20.14 mg GAE/g, respectively, in the stem hot water extract. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were 541.1±21.0 and 649.5±6.6 ㎍/mL, respectively, in stem hot water extract. All extracts were non-cytotoxic in HepG2 cells, but 200 ㎍/mL stem extracts tended to decrease the viability of RAW 264.7 cells. The highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was 43.68% in the root hot water extract at 200 ㎍/mL. The expression level of MMP-9 was significantly decreased in the asparagus extracts. The highest GGT, AST, and LDH activities showed a concentration-dependent decrease in the stem ethanol extract. In conclusion, the presence of bioactive substances in the non-edible extracts of asparagus was confirmed for the development of extracts with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anti-gout activities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2021

In order to confirm the impact of the Positive List System (PLS) being applied to all agricultural products from January 1, 2019, we analyzed 28,693 points of inspection-related data on agricultural products distributed in Gyeonggi-do from 2018 to 2020. The ratio of cases exceeding the standard for the total inspection performance was 1.0% in 2018, 1.2% in 2019, and 1.2% in 2020. Out of the 114 cases exceeding the standard in 2019, 55 were applied on a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg, and out of the 115 cases exceeding the standard in 2020, 66 were applied on a MRL of 0.01 mg/kg. To improve this, it seems necessary to manage unintentional pollution, conventional use for unregistered crops, and illegal pesticides. Fluquinconazole detection resulted from unintentional contamination, and diazinon, chlorothalonil, and methabenzthiazuron detection resulted from conventional use in unregistered crops. Chinomethionat is a pesticide component that was discarded in the past and its current use has been attributed to the smuggling of pesticides. This study and future monitoring data can be used as reference data for system supplementation and on-site management reinforcement.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.594-605
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• 2022

CaO was prepared by calcining for oyster shells using a microwave kiln. It was analyzed to Ca(OH)₂ synthed on hydration reaction from prepared CaO. The synthesized Ca(OH)₂ was formulated as an external water paint. Oyster shells (325 mesh, 43 ㎛) were decarbonized for (a) 950 ℃/1 hr and (b) 1,150 ℃/1 hr to prepare CaO. In the calcination condition of (a), CaO was 56.7 wt%, and in the calcination condition of (b), CaO was 100 wt%. To compare CaO by calcination of oyster shells with that of limestone, limestone (25~30 mm) was decarbonized at 950 ℃/1 hr to prepare CaO, and as a result of the analysis(XRD), it was analyzed as CaO 100 wt%. CaO was prepared under the calcining conditions of oyster shells (b) 1,150 ℃/1 hr, and Ca(OH)₂ was synthesized through hydration. Hydration conditions of the prepared CaO were (a) CaO : H₂O(100 g : 200 g) and (b) CaO : H₂O(100 g : 400 g). As a result of the hydration reaction, it was confirmed as low reactivity. 100 wt% of Ca(OH)₂ was synthesized. In particular, Ca(OH)₂ synthesized under the hydration condition of (a) was analyzed in a plate shape. An external water paint was formulated with Ca(OH)₂ synthesized from oyster shells as the main component. When 15 items of the external water paint standard specification (KS M 6010) were analyzed, it was confirmed that all other criteria were satisfied except for freezing stability.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.129-149
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• 2021

The purposes of this study were to examine the current status of the establishment of home economics-related departments in colleges and universities and the changes required in the home economics curriculum of secondary schools, and to structure the elective courses of home economics subject(group) that can be organized in the next high school curriculum. To achieve these purposes, related literature and data were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey and FGI were conducted by home economics experts. The research results are as follows. First, home economics was considered to be highly related not only to the human ecology but also to social sciences, education, engineering, and arts and physical education. The numbers of technical colleges and 4-year universities with departments related to home economics were 1,405 and 961 respectively in 2019. Therefore, it was confirmed that there is a sufficient basis for opening home economics subject(group) elective courses in high school. Second, in the secondary school home economics curriculum, the concepts of culture, relations, independence, and sustainability were emphasized based on the changing life patterns and values. It was proposed that the contents of the home economics course would be structured in a way that allows deep and high-level thinking and helps students to enjoy culture. This demand can be implemented by diversifying, specializing, and structuring the elective courses of the home economics subject(group). Third, a total of 18 elective subjects and subject outlines were structured in the fields of child/family, food/nutrition, clothing, housing, consumption/family management, and home economics integration. This study results will contribute to the establishment of the high school credit system by providing basic information for organizing the next home economics curriculum, and expanding the options for home economics subject(group) to high school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare of growth and chlorophyl between old-barley seed (OBS, 2019) and New-barley seed (NBS, 2020) exposed by X-ray. After germination the OBS and NBS, experimental group was exposed by 30 Gy X-ray using linear accelerator (Clinac IS, VERIAN, USA), by 6 MV X-ray, SSD 100 cm, 18 × 10 cm², 600 MU/min. Length was measured every day until 9th day, and chlorophyl was analyzed using spectrophotometer(uv-1800, shimadzu, japan) after measuring weight in 9th day. Data analysis was performed the Independent T-test using SPSS ver 26.0(Chicago, IL, USA). NBS grow more faster than OBS in control group, but OBS grow more faster than NBS in experimental group. Length of control group was longer significantly every day than that of experimental group in OBS. NBS weighted more than OBS in control group, but OBS weighted more than NBS in experimental group. In comparing chlorophyl density, NBS high more than OBS in control group as well as experimental group. Growth and weight of OBS was effected more those than NBS by X-ray, but NBS in chlorophyl by X-ray. It is expected to be used as basic data for future X-ray research in barley seed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2022

The current study aimed to compare the pH, solubility value, and ion release capability of premixed mineral trioxide aggregates (MTAs) versus conventional pulp capping materials before and after setting. The following materials were used: resin-modified calcium silicate cement (TheraCal LC^®, TLC), resin-modified calcium hydroxide cement (Ultra-Blend^TM plus, UBP), and 2 kinds of premixed MTA (Endocem MTA^® premixed regular [EMPR] and Well-Root^TM PT [WRP]). The specimens of each material were prepared before and after setting and were immersed in distilled water. The materials' pH and solubility value were assessed. Next, three kinds of ion (calcium, sulfide, and strontium) released by pulp capping materials were evaluated via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In the after-setting group, the pH of TLC and UBP decreased. However, the pH of the premixed MTAs increased with time. TLC released a higher concentration of strontium ion compared with the other materials. Meanwhile, EMPR released a significantly high concentration of sulfide ion (p < 0.05). In the after-setting group, the 2 kinds of premixed MTAs released a significantly higher concentration of calcium ion compared with the other materials (p < 0.05). In the after-setting group, EMPR had a significantly low solubility value (p < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction, was used in statistical analysis. In conclusion, resin-modified calcium silicate cement, modified calcium hydroxide cement, and the 2 kinds of premixed MTAs had an alkaline pH and low solubility value and they released various concentrations of ions after setting.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate pesticide residues in 160 stalk and stem vegetables marketed in Northern Gyeonggi-do. The QuEChERS method using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS was employed to analyze the residues of 341 pesticides in the samples. The maximum or lower than the residue limit was recorded in 75 samples (46.9%), while 4 samples (2.5%) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Thirty-nine kinds of residual pesticides were detected including fungicides (14), insecticides (22), herbicides (2), and plant growth regulator (1). Carbendazim and pendimethalin were the most frequelntly detected pesticides. Fenitrothion, procymidone, and diazinon exceeded MRL in garlic chives, and Welsh onion. This indicated that these vegetables along with water celery should be constantly monitored.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

This study examined the dietary fiber content of potato and physicochemical characteristics of potato starch isolated from various cultivars. The total dietary fiber content of the Arirang1ho cultivar was 6.30%, which was higher than that of other cultivars. The amylose content ranged from 36.76-55.75%, with Sooseon having the highest amylose content. Analysis of the degree of amylopectin polymerization revealed that all cultivars had a high proportion of DP (degree of polymerization) 13-24. The phosphate content ranged from 45.90-84.23 mg/100 g, with Arirang1ho having the highest and Eunseon having the lowest phosphate content. The resistant starch content ranged from 58.94-79.87%. Geumseon showed the highest breakdown in the range of 587.45-1,129.72 RVU (rapid viscosity unit). Sooseon had the lowest gelatinization enthalpy value for potato starch in the range of 5.54-7.64 J/g. These results provide basic data for the use of potatoes in industrial applications.