• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Focusing on the creation of a new han ok, especially a mid-rise hybrid-structured Han-ok, this study proposes a middle-rise (four-story) Han-ok on one and two lots located in Seoun-dong, the existing Han-ok intensive housing site in downtown Cheongju. 1) In terms of layout and function, according to the existing L-shaped Han-ok corresponding to the road and the direction, the parking lots and shops on the 1st floor, the business facility on the 2nd floor, the Han-ok on the 3rd and 4th floors are placed. There are yards, open roof yards, and semi-open Daecheong(大廳, main hall), which can be shared by residents. 2) In terms of structure and form, one or two floors (some 3 floors) are 5.4m square and 5.4×6.6m modules of the RC(Reinforced Concrete) group, and the upper floor reflects the 2.7m module, size and shape of the existing Han-ok. By extending the outer wall of the RC group in the lower floors (1st to 3rd floors) to the wooden exterior of the upper floors (2nd to 4th floors), it is attempted to avoid the awkward appearance of the RC group being exposed to wooden structures. And it is also attempted to reflect the wooden shape and design elements through the elevation elements such as horizontal windows, corner windows, picture frames, and vertical slits. 3) In environmental control and facilities, it is attempted to smooth the ventilation of the building by forming a vertical upward airflow from the dark space of the low floor to the positive of the upper floor. This doubles the effect through a vertical rise of cold air generated in a narrow alleyway, piloti parking lot, and the various voids. In addition to the Daecheong and Numaru(loft) of Han ok, the rooftop yard, the terrace, and the balcony, horizontal natural ventilation is generated through divided doors and transom windows.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 RF magnetron sputtering 법으로 AZO 세라믹 타켓 ($Al_2O_3$ : 3 wt%)을 이용하여 Eagle 2000 유리 기판위에 기판온도 ($100{\sim}500^{\circ}C$)와 공정압력 (10 ~ 40 mTorr)에 따른 AZO 박막을 제작하여, 결정화 특성과 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 모든 AZO 박막은 육방정계구조를 가지는 다결정 이었고, (002)우선 배향성이 관찰되었다. 기판온도 $300^{\circ}C$, 10 mTorr에서 제작한 AZO 막에서 가장 우수한 (002) 배향성을 나타냈으며, 이때의 반가폭 값은 $0.42^{\circ}$였다. 전기적 특성은 기판온도 $300^{\circ}C$, 10 mTorr에서 가장 낮은 비저항 $2.64{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}cm$과 우수한 캐리어 농도 및 이동도를 $5.29{\times}10^{20}\;cm^{-3}$, $6.23\;cm^2/Vs$를 나타내었다. 모든 AZO 박막은 가시광 영역에서 80%의 투과율을 나타내었으며, 기판온도 증가와 공정압력 감소에 따른 Al 도핑효과의 증가로 밴드 갭이 넓어지는 Burstein-Moss 효과가 관찰 되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2001

미세조류 증식 저해균 Shewanella sp. SR-14와 연안해역에서 우점종으로 분포하는 세균인 Vibrio alginolyticus가 규조, Chaetoceros calcitrans의 증식에 미치는 영향 그리고 V. ajginolyticus가 Shewanella sp. SR-14의 C. calcitrans 증식저해 활성에 미치는 영향을 혼합배양으로 측정하였다. Shewsnella sp. SR-14와 해수에서 분리한 V. alginolyticus는 미세조류 배양용 무기배지에서 단독 또는 혼합 배양하여도 잘 증식하였으며, C. calcitrans와 혼합배양시 Shewanella sp. SR-14는 조류증식을 저해한 반면 V alginolyticus는 이 조류의 증식을 촉진하였다. 조류가 첨가된 배지에 Shewanella sp. SR-14의 최초 접종균수가 V. alginolyticus와 거의 같거나 1 log 정도 적게 접종되었을 때에는 C. calcitrans에 대한 Shewanella sp. SR-14의 증식 저해활성이 유지되었으나 V. alginolricus의 최초균수가 Shewanella sp. SR-14보다 3 log 이상 많았을 때에는 조류증식 저해활성이 나타나지 않았다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1990

In order to find out the status of health care of the old aged people (age of 65 and over) in a rural area, a study was carried out, through analyzing the data of health care clinic for 207 old aged people with geriatric diseases, and of questionnired survey for 84 old aged people with geriatric diseases in a rural community. Su Dong-Myun. Nam Yang Zu-Gun, Kyung Gi-Do, Korea, during the year of 1989. The following results were obtained. 1) The composition rate of population of age of 65 and over was 9.8% in total, and sex-specific composition rate was 9.3% in male and 10.4% in female. 2) Utilization rate of health care clinic for old aged people with geriatric diseases was the highest rate with 37.9%, through individual letters at the first time, and showed gradually decreasing tendency afterward. 3) In the means of utilization advices to health care clinic for the old aged people. the individual letters(37.9%) at the first time were more effective than public information of the old aged hall or/and Myun office(18.4%). 4) In opinion on utilization of health subcenter-health care clinic for the old aged people "will utilize"(59.5%) was the highest and "do not know"(26.2%) "be difficult to utilize" (9.5%) and "will not utilize"(4.8%) were in the next order. 5) Out of 84 respondents, the old aged people With geriatric diseases, 73.8%(about three-fourths) of them answered "their diseases to the aggravated" (29.8%) "not to be changed"(25.0%) and "to be unknown"(19.0%), and the others(26.2% of them) "to be changed for the better". 6) Out of 62 respondents(the old aged people), answered their geriatric diseases not to be changed for the better, "no curative effect" was the highest with 43.5% of them. "could not know" (33.9%), "would not treat"(19.4%) and "could not be treated"(4.8%) were in decreasing order. 7) The old aged people, responded their diseases to be changed for the better, answered that they(patients) should make themselves(68.2%) responsible for basic effort of health care. However the old aged people responded their diseases not to be changed for the better answered that they should impute the responsibility of basic effort for health care to medical facilities or other conditions(63.0%). 8) In the reason of failure that the old aged people responded their geriatric diseases not to have curative effect, mis-control of regular habits of daily life was the highest(57.1%), and failure of taking selected medicine steadily(28.6%), and abuse of medicines(14.3%) were in decreasing order. 9) The reason order of being changed for the better that the old aged people responded their diseases to have curative effect, was keeping and control of regular habits of daily life (46.7%), taking selected medicines steadily(33.3%) and others (20.2%) respectively. 10) The courses of geriatric diseases itself are so chronic, duplicate and uncertain, and the old aged people activities for disease control are so slow, various and uncertain that continuous health education in home or/and community unit must be essential factors for effective geriatric health care.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for $BaIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, $BaIn_2S_4$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were $620^{\circ}C$ and $420^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). The carrier density and mobility of $BaIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin films measured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method are $6.13{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$ and $222cm^2/v{\cdot}s$ at 293 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $BaIn_2S_4$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, $E_g(T)=3.0581eV-(3.9511{\times}10^{-3}eV/K)T^2/(T+536K)$. The crystal field and the spin-orbit splitting energies for the valence band of the $BaIn_2S_4$ have been estimated to be 182.7 meV and 42.6 meV, respectively, by means of the photocurrent spectra and the Hopfield quasicubic model. These results indicate that the splitting of the ${\Delta}so$ definitely exists in the ${\Gamma}_5$ states of the valence band of the $BaIn_2S_4/GaAs$ epilayer. The three photocurrent peaks observed at 10 K are ascribed to the $A_1$-, $B_1$-exciton for n = 1 and $C_{24}$-exciton peaks for n = 24.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-174
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 미 국립대기연구소(NCAR)의 열권-이온권 전기역학적 대순환 모델(TIEGCM)을 이용하여 행성간 자기장(IMF)의 방향과 세기 그리고 고도에 따라 여름철 남반구 고위도 하부 열권의 바람에 작용하는 운동량 강제력을 정량적으로 구하였다. 그리고 이들을 서로 비교 분석함으로써 IMF 조건과 고도에 따른 고위도 하부 열권의 풍계(wind system)를 유지시켜주는 주된 물리적인 과정을 살펴보았다. 고위도 하부 열권(<180km)에서 양($B_y$ > 0.8|$\overline{B}_z$|)또는 음($B_y$ < -0.8|$\overline{B}_z$|)의 IMF By 조건인 경우에 운동량 강제력 차이, 즉 IMF 기준치 ${\neq}$ 0 일 때와 IMF 기준치=0 일 때의 운동량 강제력 차이(difference momentum force)는 자기위도 -80$^{\circ}$에서 최대값을 가지면서 극관과 오로라 영역에 국한된 단순한 형태의 분포를 보인다. 그리고 IMF $B_z$ 성분이 양과 음일 때 강제력 차이의 세기는 비슷하지만 분포양상은 반대방향을 취한다. 한편 IMF $B_z$가 양($B_z$ > 0.3125|$\overline{B}_y$|) 또는 음($B_z$ < -0.3125|$\overline{B}_y$|)인 조건인 경우에는 강제력 차이가 아오로라(subauroral) 위도까지 분포하며 IMF $B_z$가 양 또는 음의 조건일 때 보다 복잡한 구조를 보인다. 그리고 IMF $B_z$가 음인 경우의 강제력 차이가 양인 경우보다 더 크며 반대방향으로 작용한다. 125km 보다 더 높은 고도(>125km)에서 바람차이를 결정하는 주된 강제력은 기압경도력, 전향력, 수평이류 그리고 비발산 성분이 강한 Pedersen 이온항력인 것으로 확인되었다. 고도 약 125km 에서는 이 네 가지 힘에 더불어 비회전 성분이 강한 Hall 이온향력과 극관내 의 연직 이류가 지역과 시간에 따라 바람차이의 형성에 작용한다. 한편 고도 108-125km 에서는 IMF $B_z$ 조건일 경우의 극관영역을 제외하고는 기압경도력, 전향력 그리고 Hall 이온항력이 이 고도에서의 바람차이를 유발시키는 주된 강제력으로 작용한다. 고도 108km 이하에서는 기압경도력과 전향력이 균형을 이루어 지균 운동을 유지시킨다. IMF-$\overline{B}_y$의존 MLT 평균 운동량 강제력들은 이온항력을 제외한 다른 모든 남북성분이 동서성분에 비해 더 강하게 중성대기에 작용하는 것으로 확인되었다. 108-125km의 고도에서 IMF B?가 음인 경우에 이온항력은 하강운동 및 단열압축가열과 관련된 시계방향의 온난순환(warm circulation)을 극관 내에 형성시킨다. 반면 IMF $B_y$가 양인 경우에는 극관 내에 상승운동 및 단열팽창냉각과 관련된 반시계방향의 한랭순환(cold circulation)을 형성시킨다. 이온항력은 IMF $B_z$가 음인 경우에는 새벽영역에 상승운동과 관련된 반시계방향의 한랭순환을, 반면에 IMF $B_z$가 양인 경우에는 새벽영역에 하강운동과 관련된 시계방향의 온난순환을 형성시킨다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

전자 제어 가속 시스템에서, APS 센서는 운전자의 의지를 반영하는 가장 중요하고 유일한 부품이다. 특히, 참조센서가 없는 형식의 APS는 이 시스템에 있어서 상당히 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 부품이 아닐 수 없다. 이러한 형식의 부품은 참조 값을 제공할 수 없기 때문에 고장 상황에서 운전불능 상태나 고장 복귀모드 진입이 더욱 용이할 수 있다. 만약 이러한 상황이 발생하게 되면, 이는 특히 전장에서 운전자와 군인 그리고 전쟁 물자 관리에 매우 위험한 조건이 될 수 있다. 전자제어 시스템이 전술 차량에 있어서는 반드시 필요한 시스템이 아니라고 할 수 있다. 오히려 전술 차량은 군인의 생명과 전쟁 물자를 보호, 구명, 탈출하기 위해 반드시 전자제어 시스템으로부터 독립된 수동제어 시스템이 준비되어 있어야 한다. 그리하여, 파손되어 수분이 침투된 경우의 APS 출력에 대한 연구를 하게 되었다. 만약 운전자의 의지와 무관하게 출력값이 변화된다면, 참조센서가 있는 형식의 APS라 할지라도, 이는 조정 불가능한 엔진 회전속도 변화 또는 고장복귀 모드에서의 성능 저하에 영향을 미치며, 이는 어떤 종류의 APS가 적용된 경우에도 전술 차량에 수동제어 시스템이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2020

본 논문은 ESS 화재전용 소화약제 및 소화시스템 개발에 관한 연구이다. ESS 화재를 진압하기 위해 제작된 소화약제는 침윤제 타입으로 주된 소화효과인 냉각작용과 더불어 질식작용과 함께 표면장력 및 점도를 낮춘 침투성이 높은 소화약제로 ESS 모듈 내부의 배터리 셀까지 소화약제가 침투 가능한 특징이 있다. 소화시스템의 경우 랙 단위로 화재를 진압하는 국소방출방식으로 설계하였고, 소화효과를 극대화하기 위해 랙에 장착되는 일반형 노즐과 ESS 모듈 후면 홀에 삽입하는 360° 회전형 노즐을 제작하고, 가스방출압력에 의해 소화약제가 강하게 방사되도록 하였다. ESS 모듈 1단위 및 모듈 3단위 화재진압성능 실험결과 소화약제 방사 후 각각 8 s 및 9 s 만에 눈에 보이는 화염이 모두 소멸되었다. 또한, 소화약제 방사종료 후 600 s 동안 재발화 여부를 확인한 결과 모든 화재진압성능 실험에서 재발화가 일어나지 않고 ESS 화재가 완벽히 진압되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.113-114
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• 2009

Silicon carbide is one of the most attractive and promising wide band-gap semiconductor material with excellent physical properties and huge potential for electronic applications. Up to now, the most successful method for growth of large SiC crystals with high quality is the physical vapor transport (PVT) method [1, 2]. Since further reduction of defect densities in larger crystal are needed for the true implementation of SiC devices, many researchers are focusing to improve the quality of SiC single crystal through the process modifications for SiC bulk growth or new material implementations [3, 4]. It is well known that for getting high quality SiC crystal, source materials with high purity must be used in PVT method. Among various source materials in PVT method, a SiC powder is considered to take an important role because it would influence on crystal quality of SiC crystal as well as optimum temperature of single crystal growth, the growth rate and doping characteristics. In reality, the effect of powder on SiC crystal could definitely exhibit the complicated correlation. Therefore, the present research was focused to investigate the quality difference of SiC crystal grown by conventional PVT method with using various SiC powders. As shown in Fig. 1, we used three SiC powders with different particles size. The 6H-SiC crystals were grown by conventional PVT process and the SiC seeds and the high purity SiC source materials are placed on opposite side in a sealed graphite crucible which is surrounded by graphite insulation[5, 6]. The bulk SiC crystal was grown at $2300^{\circ}C$ of the growth temperature and 50mbar of an argon pressure. The axial thermal gradient across the SiC crystal during the growth is estimated in the range of $15\sim20^{\circ}C/cm$. The chemical etch in molten KOH maintained at $450^{\circ}C$ for 10 min was used for defect observation with a polarizing microscope in Nomarski mode. Electrical properties of bulk SiC materials were measured by Hall effect using van der Pauw geometry and a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Fig. 2 shows optical photographs of SiC crystal ingot grown by PVT method and Table 1 shows electrical properties of SiC crystals. The electrical properties as well as crystal quality of SiC crystals were systematically investigated.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-116
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze empirically analyze how the characteristics of participants in educational and social learning forums and the quality of events influence expectations and satisfaction of forums. The study also aims to provide strategic implications for forum organizers and give them suggestions on how to set up target audience, manage forum contents, speakers, and services, improve attendee satisfaction, and ultimately maximize overall outcomes. As exchanges among individuals, enterprises, and organizations, as well as countries are growing rapidly, the convention industry has become a key player in the market. Conventions have also become a venue for people to discuss a specific agenda or topic, exchange information and learn knowledge and insights. Especially, the forum - as part of the convention industry - plays a vital role providing educational and social learning opportunities as scholars and expertise come together to share their knowledge and experience through a variety of discussions. With its role, many of forums are taking place in recent years; however, there have been few empirical studies upon the forum itself. Also, there have been few attempts to research how the quality of forums affect participants' satisfaction along with their characteristics and how much of practical knowledge is provided throughout the events. This study is meaningful in that it is the first practical study that takes a deep understanding of the forum and sees how the quality of the forums influences participants' satisfaction and whether the characteristics of participants have a moderating effect in increasing the level of satisfaction. Forum organizers could also take a strategic approach as their major concerns are to increase the number of participants and raise degree of satisfaction by providing significant information. There are four key elements that determine success or failure of a social learning forum. The four elements are contents, speakers, services, and participants. Content plays an important role in providing rich information and knowledge for participants. Speakers are the main knowledge providers who contribute to the forum's social learning role. Also, the services provided by forum organizers such as simultaneous interpretation services, program brochures, lunch and refreshments, and the overall design of event hall can also influence the level of participants' satisfaction. Lastly, the participants and their characteristics are important since they are the ones who receive knowledge from the providers. The results of this study show that the quality of forum (content, speaker, and services) has a decisive effect on the participants' satisfaction and there are some differences in expectation among the participants in the forum. Also, some groups of participants were more likely to be stimulated by the quality of forum when determining their satisfaction. The study is modeled after MBN Y Forum 2016 and its participants' characteristics. The forum is one of the most representative social learning forums of South Korea and its audiences are mostly young people. It has analyzed how the participants' characteristics influence their satisfaction by grouping them into ${\Delta}participants$ who have invited for free and those who paid for the entrance fee, ${\Delta}first-time$ participants and returning participants, ${\Delta}voluntary$ and involuntary participants, ${\Delta}participants$ who registered through web and those who did through mobile, and ${\Delta}participants$ who registered during pre-sale opens and those who registered during general opens.