• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2007

The development of suitable genetic markers would be useful for defining species and delineating the species boundaries of morphologically indistinguishable sponges. In this study, genetic variation in the sequences of nuclear rDNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (CO1 and CO3) regions were compared in morphologically indistinguishable Korean Halichondriidae sponges in order to determine the most suitable species-specific molecular marker region. The maximal congeneric nucleotide divergences of Halichondriidae sponges in CO1 and CO3 are similar to those found among anthozoan cnidarians, but they are 2- to 8-fold lower than those found among genera of other triploblastic metazoans. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS: ITS1 + ITS2) showed higher congeneric variation (17.28% in ITS1 and 10.29% in ITS2) than those of CO1 and CO3. Use of the guidelines for species thresholds suggested in the recent literature indicates that the mtDNA regions are not appropriate for use as species-specific DNA markers for the Halichondriidae sponges, whereas the rDNA ITS regions are suitable because ITS exhibits a low level of intraspecific variation and a relatively high level of interspecific variation. In addition, to test the reliability of the ITS regions for identifying Halichondriidae sponges by PCR, a species-specific multiplex PCR primer set was developed.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.187-189
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• 2003

A new sponge species of the genus Hymeniacidon (family Halichondriidae) from Munsum, Jeju Island, Korea is described. This species is similar to H. sinapium in spicule size, but the color, oscules, external surface and arrangement of the spicules are considerably different. This species is bright yellow in live, and retains multiple oscules and a plumose bundle of styles in the subectosomal region.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.137-139
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• 2009

Marine sponges were collected from Tongyeong yachtschool harbor, Korea in 2008. Among them Halichondria (Halichondria) bowerbanki Burton, 1930 is newly recorded in the Korean fauna.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2008

Two new marine species of the family Halichondriidae, Ciocalypta sasuensis n. sp. and Epipolasis maraensis n. sp., are collected from Chujado Island and Jejudo Island, Korea during 2000-2005. Ciocalypta sasuensis n. sp. is closely related to C. penicillus(Bowerbank, 1864) in the type of shape and ectosomal skeleton. However, C. sasuensis n. sp. is larger than Ciocalypta penicillus. Epipolasis maraensis n. sp. is similar to E. suluensis(Wilson, 1925) in the type of skeleton, but is different in size of spicule and growth form. Its oxeas and raphide are smaller than E. suluensis's. The growth form of this new species is semispherical and massive, but E. suluensis is lamellated.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2008

Two new marine sponges in the family Halichondriidae, Halichondria gageoenesis n. sp. and Halichondria muanensis n. sp. are collected from Gageodo Island and Yongjeong-ri, Hyeongyeong-myeon, Muan-gun, Korea during 2006-2007. H. gageoenesis n. sp. is similar to H. oshoro(Tanita, 1961) in type of spicule, but is different from the latter in growth form and size of spicule. The oxea of the new species is larger than H. oshoro's. The growth form of H. gageoenesis n. sp. is thick and consists of encrusting with numerous erect hollow cylindrical tubes, but H. oshoro is of massive form. H. muanensis n. sp is similar to H. retiderma(Dendy, 1921) in type of spicule and choanosomal skeleton, but it is different from the latter in growth form and size of spicule. The oxea is smaller than that of H. retiderma. The growth form is thick and consists of encrusting, with numerous erect hollow cylindrical tubes, compared with the massive lobose of H. retiderma.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.205-208
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• 2008

Two new marine sponges in family Halichondriidae, Halichondria ulleungensis n. sp. and H. hongdoenesis n. sp. are collected from Ulleungdo Island and Hongdo Island, Korea by SCUBA diving during 2003-2004. H. ulleungensis n. sp. is similar to H. corrugata Diaz, Pomponi and van Soest, 1993 in the type of spicule, but it is different in growth form and choanosomal skeleton. The growth form is encrusting, with numerous erected cylindrical tube, comparing with massive-lobate of H. corrugata. The choanosomal skeleton is confused with loosely arranged oxea tract, comparing with densely tracts with many spicules of H. corrugata. H. hongdoenesis n. sp. is similar to H. surrubicunda Hoshino, 1981 in type of spicule and growth form, but this species has two kinds (thick and thin) of oxea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2011

Two new marine sponges, Halichondria jangseungenesis n. sp. and H. nagokenesis n. sp., of the family Halichondriidae, were collected from Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea by SCUBA diving during the period from Apr 2007 to Aug 2007. Based on their spicule composition and skeletal structure, H. jangseungenesis n. sp. appears to have a close similarity with H. panicea (Pallas, 1766); however, they differ in length of spicule. The spicule length of oxea of H. jangseungenesis n. sp. is shorter than that of H. panicea. Based on their spicule composition and growth form, H. nagokenesis n. sp. is quite similar to H. cylindrata Tanita and Hoshino, 1989; however, but they differ in length of spicule. The spicule length of oxea of H. nagokenesis n. sp. is longer than that of H. cylindrata.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-181
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• 2009

A new species of the genus Halichondria (Eumastia) maraensis n. sp. (Demospongiae: Halichondrida: Halichondriidae) was collected from West Marado Island, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Island, Korea during the period of Dec. 2006 to Feb. 2007 by a fishing net (60-80 m in depth). Halichondria (E.) maraensis n. sp. is similar to H. (E.) sitiens (Schmidt, 1870) in the type of the spicules. However they differ in spicules size and conical fistules at the surface. Oxeas of the new species are smaller and thicker than those of H. (E.) sitiens. Surface conules of the new species is not transparent, and has no oscules at the terminal short conules but H. (E.) sitiens has hollow papillae and terminal oscules.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 1968

During the period from July 1956 to July 1967, authors collected marine sponges from the East sea, the Korea Strait and the Yellow sea. The results of the identification turned out to be 17 species, 14 genera and 10 families. The species are as follows: Family Haliclonidae: 1. Haliclona permollis; Family Callyspongiidae: 2. Callyspongia elegans, 3. C. ramosa, 4. Ceraochalina differentiata; Family halichondriidae: 5. Halichondria japonica, 6. H. okadai, 7. H. oshoro, 8. H. panicea; Family Suberitidae: 9. Suberites ficus; Family Myxillidae: 10. Myxilla setoensis, 11. Lissodendoryx isodictyalis; Family Ophlitaspondiidae: 12. Ophlitaspongia noto, 13. Mycale plumosa; Family Ancorinidae: 14. Penares incrustans; Family Tethyidae: 15. Tethya japonica; Family Grantiidae: 16. Leucandra tuba; Family Heteropiidae: 17. Vosmaeropsis japonica.