• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

In the present work, LES with new variational multiscale method is conducted on the fully developed channel flow with Reynolds number, 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel half width. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are integrated using finite element method with the basis function of NURBS. To solve space-time equations, Newton's method with two stage predictor multicorrector algorithm is employed. The code is parallelized using MPI. The computational domain is a rectangular box of size $2{\pi}{\times}2{\times}4/3{\pi}$ in the streamwise, wall normal and spanwise direction. Mean velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations are compared with the data of DNS. The results agree well with those of DNS and other traditional LES.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.911-930
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• 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to study the effects of initial stress, gravity, anisotropy and porosity on the propagation of shear wave (SH-waves) in a fiber-reinforced layer placed over a porous media. The frequency equations in a closed form have been derived for SH-waves by applying suitable boundary conditions. The frequency equations have been expanded and approximated up to $2^{nd}$ order of Whittaker's function. It has been observed that the SH-wave velocity decreases as width of fiber-reinforced layer increases. However, with the increase of initial stress, gravity parameter and porosity, the phase velocity increases. The results obtained are in perfect agreement with the standard results investigated by other relevant researchers.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.56-59
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• 2009

In the present work, LES with new variational multiscale method is conducted on the fully developed channel flow with Reynolds number is 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel half width. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are integrated using finite element method with the basis function of NURBS. To solve space-time equations, Newton's method with two stage predictor multicorretor algorithm is employed. The code is parallelized using MPI. The computational domain is a rectangular box of size $2{\pi}{\times}2{\times}4/3{\pi}$ in the streamwise, wall normal and spanwise direction. Mean velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations are compared with the data of DNS. The results agree well with those of DNS and other traditional LES.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.732-742
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 이 2차원 재부착분류(본문에서는 stepped wall jet라 명명함) 유동장을 재부착상류 부분, 재부착점 근방, 재부착 이후의 재발전 벽면분류 지역의 세 영역으로 구분하여 재부착 길이, 평균속도, 벽면정압을 측정하고 on-line에 의한 디지 틀 데이터 처리기법을 이용하여 난류강도, 레이놀즈 전단응력, 속도의 3승적(triple velocity product), integral length scale, Taylor's microscale 등을 실험적으로 구 하여 재부착 상류 부분에서는 자유분류와 비교하고, 재부착 이후에서는 2차원 벽면분 류와 비교하기로 한다.그리하여 초기 교란을 받는 분류가 벽면에 재부착하여 2차원 벽면분류로 재발전되어 가는 과정에 있어서의 평균 유동장과 급격한 변화를 갖는 난류 특성을 상세히 조사하여, 보다 일반적으로 적용될 수 있는 난류모델을 개발함에 있어 서 실험적인 자료를 제공하고자 한다. Fig. 1은 본 실험의 유동장에 대한 개약도를 보여주고 있다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.87.2-87.2
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• 2013

We studied a fine-scale half ring-like structure around a pore seen from the high spectral and the high spatial resolution data. Our observations were carried out using the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) and the InfraRed Imaging Magnetograph (IRIM) installed at the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope of Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) on 2012 July 19. During the observations, we found a fine-scale half ring-like structure located very close to a pore (~0.4 arcsec apart from the pore). It was seen in the far wing images of the $H{\alpha}$ and Ca II $8542{\AA}$ lines, but it was not seen in the line center images of two lines. The length of the structure is about 4200 km and the width is about 350 km. We determined its line-of-sight velocity using the Doppler shift of the centroid of the Ti II line ($6559.6{\AA}$, close to the $H{\alpha}$ line) and determined horizontal velocity using the NAVE method. we also investigated the magnetic configurations using the Stokes I, Q, U, and V maps of the IRIM. As a results, we found that it has a high blue-shift velocity (~2km) faster than the photospheric features and has a strong horizontal component of the magnetic field. Based on our findings, we suggest that it is associated with small flux emergence, which occurs very close to the pore. Even though it is very small structure, this kind of magnetic configuration can be in chare of the upper chromosphere heating, especially above the pore.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.395-403
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• 1991

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize nucleate boiling and burn-out heat flux for rectangular free jet with saturated water impinging perpendicularly and upward against a flat uniform heat flux surface. Heat flux measured for Reynolds number based on rectangular nozzle width and for aspect ratio. The result of nucleate boiling heat transfer was presented nondimensional experimental equation including Nusselt, Boiling, Subcooling, Reynolds and Weber number. The effect of aspect ratio of heated surface in the burn-out heat flux had not appeared distinctly. But for the same aspect ratio, burn-out heat flux increased linearly with increment of nozzle exit velocity.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2000

Flow characteristics of turbulent elliptic jets were experimentally investigated using a single-frame PIV system. A sharp-edged elliptic nozzle with aspect ratio(AR) of 2 was tested and the experimental results were compared with those of circular jet having the same equivalent diameter($D_e$). The Reynolds number based on the nozzle exit velocity and nozzle equivalent diameter was about $1{\times}10^4$. The spreading rate along the major and minor axis are different remarkably. The jet half width along the major axis decreases at first and then increases with going downstream. But along the minor axis the jet width increases steadily. The elliptic jet of AR=2 has one switching points at $X/D_e=2$ within the near field. Turbulence properties are also found to be significantly different along the major and minor axis planes.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.515-526
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• 2002

The wind flow over two-dimensional sinusoidal hilly obstacles with slope (the ratio of height to half width) of 0.5 has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Experiments for single and double sinusoidal hill models were carried out in a subsonic wind tunnel. The mean velocity profiles, turbulence statistics, and surface pressure distributions were measured at the Reynolds number based on the obstacle height(h=40 mm) of $2.6{\times}10^4$. The reattachment points behind the obstacles were determined using the oil-ink dot and tuft methods. The smoke-wire method was employed to visualize the flow structure qualitatively. The finite-volume-method and the SIMPLE-C algorithm with an orthogonal body-fitted grid were used for numerical simulation. Comparison of mean velocity profiles between the experiments and the numerical simulation shows a good agreement except for the separation region, however, the surface pressure data show almost similar distributions.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1135-1143
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• 2002

The intermittent spray characteristics of the single-hole diesel nozzle (d$\sub$n/=0.32 mm) used in the fuel injection system of heavy-duty diesel engines were experimentally investigated. The mean velocity and turbulent characteristics of the diesel spray injected intermittently into the still ambient were measured by using a 2-D PDPA (phase Doppler particle analyzer) . The gradient of spray half-width linearly increased with time from the start of injection, and it approximated to 0.04 at the end of the injection. The axial mean velocity of the fuel spray measured along the radial direction was similar to that of the free air jet within R/b= 1.0-1.5 regardless of elapsing time, and its non-dimensional distribution corresponds to the theoretical velocity distributions suggested by Hinze in the downstream of the spray flow fields. The turbulent intensity of the axial velocity components measured along the radial direction represented the 20-30% of the U$\sub$cι/ and tended to decrease in the outer region. The turbulent intensity in the trailing edge was higher than that in the leading edge.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2003

Experiments were conducted to show the characteristics of the flow on unventilated parallel plane jets. Measurements of mean velocity components and turbulent intensities were carried out with a particle image velocimetry to investigate the flow field generated by the air issued from two identical plane parallel nozzles and mixed with the ambient air. The measurements range of these experiments were Reynolds number of 5300 based on the nozzle width and the cases of nozzle-to-nozzle distance were four times. six times and eight times the width of the nozzle. Results show that a recirculation zone with a sub-atmospheric static pressure was bounded by the inner shear layers of the individual jets and the nozzles plate. The positions. where maximum value of mean turbulent intensities and mean turbulent kinetic energy show, were at the same position with the merging point. The spread of jets in the merging region increases more rapidly than that of Jets in the converging and the combined region. As nozzle-to-nozzle distances were increased. it was shown that merging and combined lengths were shorter.