• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.130-136
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• 2000

Differences in physiological and biochemical responses between sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars to ozone were investigated to develop reliable indications of early ozone damage. Three Korean local rice cultivars -sen-sitive cultivar Dongjin (DJ), moderately tolerant cultivar Hwayeong (HY) and tolerant cultivar Ilmee (IM) were exposed to ozone at the concentrations of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ or 200 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ , 8 h per day for 10 days in a controlled-environment fumigation chamber. The rice cultivars seemed to be endurable to ozone stress at the concentration of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ which is frequently monitored during the growing season in summer. However, severe damage was induced and differential sensitivity was clearly noted among the rice cultivars at the higher ozone concentration. Activation of the glutathion (GR) -ascorbate peroxidase (APX) cycle was likely to be responsible for protection of rice plants against ozone exposure, relating difference in sensitivity of rice cultivars to ozone. Photosynthetic activity appeared to be one of sensitive responses, for which chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf greenness can together provide a very reliable index, a degree of photosynthetic damages by ozone. Formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also considered as an indication that can differentiate cultivars sensitivity to ozone. However, the changes in polyamines and total phenolics were not consistent with exposed ozone concentrations and/or ozone sensitivity of the cultivars. The behavior of polyamines and phenolics in the damaged plants at high ozone levels could be interpreted as an indication of ozone injury rather than activation of additional protection mechanisms scavenging active oxygen species formed by ozone. Several responses triggered by ozone could explain the differential sensitivity of the rice cultivars and be used as reliable indications of relative ozone damage to rice plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.402-402
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• 2012

최근 반도체 공정 중 fluorocarbon (CxHyFz) 가스와 함께 플라즈마 밀도가 큰 유도결합형 플라즈마을 사용한 식각장비가 많이 사용되고 있다. 특히 저 유전상수 값을 가지는 박막을 밀도가 큰 플라즈마와 함께 fluorocarbon 가스를 이용하여 식각을 하게 되면 매우 복잡한 현상이 생긴다. 따라서 식각률에 대한 모델을 세우고 적용하는 일이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 CF4가스를 Ar가스와 함께 혼합하고 기판 플라즈마와 유도결합형 플라즈마를 동시에 가진 식각장비를 사용하여, 저 유전상수 값을 갖는 박막을 식각하였다. 또한, 간단한 식각모델인 Langmuir adsorption model를 이용하여 식각률(Etch rate)에 대한 합리적인 이해를 얻기 위해, 기판과 유도결합형 플라즈마의 파워에 따른 식각률을 계산하고, 식각모델에서 사용되는 매개변수인 이온플럭스(Ion Flux)와 식각수율(Etch yield)을 연구하였다. 기판의 플라즈마 파워가 20에서 100 W 증가하면서 식각률이 269에서 478 nm/min로 증가하였으며, 식각수율이 0.4에서 0.59로 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. 반면에 기판의 플라즈마 파워 증가에 따라 이온 플럭스는 3.8에서 $4.7mA/cm^2$로 변화가 크지 않았다. 또한, 유도결합형 플라즈마의 파워가 100에서 500 W 증가하면서, 식각률이 117에서 563 nm/min로 증가하였으며, 이온플럭스가 1.5에서 $6.8mA/cm^2$으로 변화하였다. 그러나, 식각수율은 0.46에서 0.48로 거의 변화하지 않았다. 그러므로 저 유전상수 값을 가지는 박막 식각의 경우, 기판의 플라즈마는 식각수율을 증가시키며 유도결합형 플라즈마는 이온 플럭스를 증가시켜 박막 식각에 기여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of copper-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) and herbal mixture (HBM) on growth performance, blood parameter, and immune response in laying hens. A total 800 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments : (1) Control : control diet, (2) Cu-SP : control diet + 100 mg/kg Cu-soy proteinate, (3) HBM : control diet + 0.15% herbal mixture, and (4) Cu-SP + HBM : control diet + 100 mg/kg Cu-soy proteinate + 0.15% herbal mixture. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with forty birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 5 weeks under 16L : 8D lighting regimen. The diet and water were available ad libitum. Result indicated that during feeding trial of the experiment, hen-day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP and HBM treated groups than control. However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, broken and shell less egg production were not significantly influenced by treatments. Eggshell strength was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP than control. Eggshell thickness, eggshell color, egg yolk color, Haugh unit were not significantly influenced by treatments. The level of WBC and stress index (heterophil : lymphocyte) were higher in supplemented groups than the control. The concentration of plasma IgG was higher in supplemented groups than the control. The result of this experiment showed that dietary copper-soy proteinate or herbal mixture tended to improve egg production and affect positively on immune response of laying hens.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.133-135
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary isoflavones(IF) on bone ash content in young chicks. Daidzein(DE) and genistein(GE), aglycone forms of IF, were added to purified-type basal diet containing calcium at 50% of NRC requirement. The two IF at two different levels(1.0 and 2.0 mM) were added to the diets prepared to be very low in IF using soy protein concentrate(SPC) as the only source of protein. The diets Including control with no IF-added were fed for three weeks. One hundred, Hy-Line Brown, day-old male chicks were divided into five dietary groups with four replicates and five chicks per replication. General performances of the chicks were not affected by the dietary treatments. Serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities, an indicator for bone formation, of the birds fed DE diet were lowered compared to those fed GE and control diets. However, the levels of IF did not show any differences in the responses. Bone ash o/o of birds fed the IF diets were significantly increased compared to that of control group (p〈0.05), and, however, not affected by levels of IF in diets. Bone breaking strength measured with an Instron appeared to be equivalent among the birds of all treatments. The observations that equivalences in bone ash o/o and bone breaking strength even with lowered activity of ALP by DE ingestion compared to GE suggest a necessity of further investigation.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.41-61
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• 1997

젖산균의 유전자 연구를 촉진하기 위해 간단하고 신속한 plasmid DNA의 분리방법과 electro-poration을 이용하여 vector plasmid의 간단하고 신속한 전이방법을 얻기 위해 젖산균의 형질전환에 영향하는 요인에 대하여 연구하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. O'Sullivan과 Klaenhammer의 방법을 개선하여 젖산균 plasmid DNA의 분리에 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있는 신속하고 쉬운 방법을 고안하였으며, genomic DNA 분리에 이용되는 guanidium thio-cyanate 처리방법을 plasmid의 분리에 적용할 수 있었다. 2. L. casei, L. acidophilus. L. delbruekii var. bulgaricus. L. brevis와 L. plantarum 균주에서 plasmid를 확인하였으며, 돼지 분에서 분리된 L. lactis ssp. lactis. L. fermentum과 L. plantarum에서도 plasmid를 분리 확인하였다. 3. Lactococci의 plasmid분리는 lactobacilli와는 달리 mutanolysin의 처리없이도 잘 되었으며, L. lactis ssp. lactis와 Ent. faecalis에서 plasmid를 확인하였다. 4. E. coli plasimd 분리에 이용되는 MPS membrane filter 방법으로 젖산균 plasmid pLZ12의 분리가 가능하였으나, 세포파편이 filter를 막아 사용에 어려움이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 5. Plasmid 분리없이 electroporation을 이용한 세포 대 세포 전이법으로 간편하고 빠르게 E. coli DH5${\alpha}$에 E. coli Jm109의 plasmid pBX19, pBR322를 전이시켰다. 6. L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 lysozyme 처리시 30${\sim}$80%의 생존율을 보였으며, 대부분의 L. acidophilus 균주의 경우 약 70%의 생존율을 보였다. L. casei 102S의 경우는 45분간 처리 시에도 100%의 생존율을 보였다. 8. L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 pLZ12를 6.0kV에서 전이시킨 결과 12.5kV에서보다 형질전환 효율이 훨씬 높았으며 lysozyme 처리에 의해 형질전환 효율이 증가되었다. 9. L. acidophilus 균주에 pLZ12를 전이시 6.0kV에서는 전이가 모두 이루어졌으나, 12.5kV에서는 L. acidophilus WIESBY와 NCFM에서 전이가 이루어지지 않았으며, lysozyme 처리 후 pLZ12를 전이시켰을 때 12kV보다 6.0kV에서 형질전환 효율이 증가되었다. 10. Gene Pulser와 Progenitor II를 사용하여 pLZ12를 L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 전이하였을 때 Gene Pulser에 비해 Progenitor II의 형질전환 효율이 현저히 떨어졌다. L. acidophilus HY7008과 HY7001은 두 기기 모두 형질전환이 이루어졌으나, L. acidophilus WEISBY와 NCFM은 Progeni-tor II에서 전이가 일어나지 않았으며, Gene Pulser에서 전이균주를 얻어 두 electroporator간에 형질전환 효율의 차이를 보였다. 11. L. casei 102S에 pLZ12를 electroporation시 낮은 전압에서 형질전환 효율이 비교적 좋았으며, 배양 시기를 달리하여 전이시켰을 때 대수생장 말기의 세포가 형질전환 효율이 좋았다. 12. L. casei 102S세포를 각각 10% glycerol, EB, 2차 증류수 등에 녹여 electroporation을 실시하였을 때 각각 $3.8{\times}10^3$, $5.0{\times}10^2$,1.5${\times}10^2$cfu의 형질전환 효율을 보였으며, 1.0mM HEPES, TE buffer를 사용하였을 때에는 전이가 이루어지지 않았다. 13. Plasmid pLZ12의 농도를 달리하여 electroporation을 하였을 때 형질전환 효율이 농도에 비례하여 증가하였다. 14. L. casei 102S에 대수생장 말기의 세포를 채취하여 10% glycerol, 200 Ohms, 25 ${\mu}$FD, 10kV/cm로 plasmid pLZ12를 electroporation할 때 최대 형질전환 효율인 3.8${\times}$10$^{3}$cfu를 얻었으며, lysozyme 처리가 다른 젖산균과는 달리 형질전환 효율을 증가시키지 못하였다. 15. L. casei 102S 세포를 10% glycerol과 EB에 녹여 -20$^{\circ}C$에서 냉동시킨 다음 1일과 7일 후의 세포를 electroporation한 결과 냉동시 세포에 손상을 주는 것으로 인식되었다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ME and crude protein (CP) content of diet on the performance and production cost of white semibroiler chickens. Three hundred sixty hatched white semibroiler chickens (Hy-Line $female\;{\times}\;Ross^{(R)}$ male) were assigned to low dietary treatments of different metabolizable energy (ME) value and crude protein (CP) content: T1; ME 3,040 and 3,070 kcal/kg, CP 21.40 and 20.86%, T2; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 20.62 and 19.70%, T3; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 19.90 and 18.70% and T4; ME 2,900 and 2,920 kcal/kg, CP 18.50 and 18.00% for starter diet ($0{\sim}1st$ wk) and power diet ($2{\sim}5th$ wk), respectively There were significant (P<0.01) differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. T1 was significantly higher in weight gain and feed intake and love. in feed conversion ratio than other treatments. Production index of T1 (153.42) was far greater than T2 (112.13), T3 (108.40) and T4 (100.95). It was concluded that semibroilers required similar ME and CP to those of regular commercial broilers (highbro).

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.185-207
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• 2006

산업단지는 지난 30년간 한국 산업의 성장을 이끌어 온 발전모형으로서 존재하여 왔으나, 최근 지식에 기초한 혁신창출형 경제체제가 국가 및 지역사회의 경쟁력을 위한 핵심요소로 부각되면서 '효율성' 측면에서 그 의미가 크게 퇴색되었다. 이를 위한 대안으로서 '클러스터'가 대두되어 다양한 분석연구가 수행되고 있으며, 정부와 지방자치단체들은 이를 바탕으로 각자의 특색에 맞는 클러스터 조성 정책을 펼치고 있다. 그러나, 기존의 연구들은 클러스터의 종류 및 발전단계에 관한 프레임워크 제시 등의 이론적 수준에 국한되어 있거나, 지역사례 연구를 통한 성공요인분석(CFS) 및 단순한 정책방향 제시 수준에 머물러 있는 한계를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 '클러스터'에 관한 선행연구를 분석해 보고, 클러스터의 중요한 판단기준이 되는 군집도와 네트워크 연계 정도를 기준으로 한 '$2{\times}2$ 클러스터 전략격자모형'을 효과적인 클러스터 구축전략 수립을 위한 이론적 틀로서 제시하였다. 또한, 분석틀에 실질적인 사례로서 '충북지역의 SW산업'을 전략격자모형에 대응시켜 분석함으로써 전략격자의 유용성을 제시하였다. 이를 위해, 충북지역의 SW 공급업체와 수요업체를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시, 분석한 후 그 결과를 전략격자모형에 대응시켰다. 그 결과, 충북지역의 SW산업은 아직 산업단지 수준에 있는 것으로 분석되었고 충북의 SW산업의 충북 내의 수요만으로는 더 큰 성장이 어려운 것으로 분석, 지역 내에서의 수요창출을 목표로 하는 '단일 클러스터' 구축보다는 지역적 제약을 벗어난 '매가 클러스터'의 구축으로 지역 내외에서의 수요창출이 가능한 클러스터의 구축을 그 대안으로 제시하였다.${\alpha}$에 E. coli Jm109의 plasmid pBX19, pBR322를 전이시켰다. 6. L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 lysozyme 처리시 30${\sim}$80%의 생존율을 보였으며, 대부분의 L. acidophilus 균주의 경우 약 70%의 생존율을 보였다. L. casei 102S의 경우는 45분간 처리 시에도 100%의 생존율을 보였다. 8. L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 pLZ12를 6.0kV에서 전이시킨 결과 12.5kV에서보다 형질전환 효율이 훨씬 높았으며 lysozyme 처리에 의해 형질전환 효율이 증가되었다. 9. L. acidophilus 균주에 pLZ12를 전이시 6.0kV에서는 전이가 모두 이루어졌으나, 12.5kV에서는 L. acidophilus WIESBY와 NCFM에서 전이가 이루어지지 않았으며, lysozyme 처리 후 pLZ12를 전이시켰을 때 12kV보다 6.0kV에서 형질전환 효율이 증가되었다. 10. Gene Pulser와 Progenitor II를 사용하여 pLZ12를 L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 전이하였을 때 Gene Pulser에 비해 Progenitor II의 형질전환 효율이 현저히 떨어졌다. L. acidophilus HY7008과 HY7001은 두 기기 모두 형질전환이 이루어졌으나, L. acidophilus WEISBY와 NCFM은 Progeni-tor II에서 전이가 일어나지 않았으며, Gene Pulser에서 전이균주를 얻어 두 electroporator간에 형질전환 효율의 차이를 보였다. 11. L. casei 102S에 pLZ12

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2007

To examine the effects of dietary organic selenium and vitamin E supplementation on egg production, egg weight, daily egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion, egg quality, lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity (ACL) in egg yolk, and selenium retention of egg in laying hens, Hy-Line laying hens of 77 wk old were replaced in the individual cage for 12 week. A corn-soybean meal based diet was supplemented with 0 (control), vitamin E 100 IU/kg and the combination of 0.9 ppm Se from selenium yeast (SY) and vitamin E 50, 100 and 150 IU/kg. Egg production and daily egg mass were significantly increased (P<0.05) in supplemental vitamin E 100 IU, and 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E 50 IU than control for the whole experimental period. However, feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by supplemental vitamin E and SY. Haugh unit was significantly (P<0.05) higher in supplemental vitamin E 100 IU and 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E 50 IU than control, 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E 100 and 0.9 ppm SY + 150 IU in week 5. Haugh unit of the eggs during storage decreased significantly(P<0.05) from day 1 to day 11. However, Haugh units of the eggs from 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E 150 IU treated groups did not decreased significantly until day 5. Yolk color was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E 50 and 0.9 ppm SY + 100 IU than other treatment groups in week 1. Selenium concentrations of egg were significantly increased (P<0.05) in 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E than control and vitamin E 100 IU groups. Lipid-soluble antioxidative capacity (ACL) in egg yolk was significantly (P<0.05) higher in supplemental combination of 0.9 ppm SY + vitamin E 150 IU when compared to those of other treatment groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.927-931
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of defatted grape seed extract (DGSE) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. DGSE at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL significantly suppressed lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in hormonally stimulated adipocytes, an indicator of adipocyte differentiation. In order to understand the anti-adipogenic effects of DGSE, the changes in the expression of several adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) $\gamma$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) $\alpha$ and $\beta$ were investigated using immunoblotting. DGSE suppressed the expression of PPAR$\gamma$, C/EBP$\alpha$, and C/EBP$\beta$ proteins compared with control adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This results indicated that DGSE may alter fat mass by directly affecting adipogensis in maturing preadipocytes and thus may have applications for the treatment of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 1990

In order to study the effects of supplementation of live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the performance of laying hens, five experiments were conducted. Two experiment were conducted during summer period, one with 37 wk old Dekalb-Delta strain laying birds(Exp. 1) and the other one with 100 wk old molted Nick Chick Brown laying birds(Esp.2) . In each experiment, 240 birds were divided into 12 groups of 20 birds each and randomly distributed. Each of the two experimental diets(Control 71 and 0.05% live yeast supplemented 72) was fed to 6 groups for 4 wks in Exp.1 and 3 wks in Exp.2. Three experiments were conducted during winter period, Exp.2 with 54 wk old Hy-Line strain laying birds, Exp.4 with 52 wk old Hy-Line strain laying birds, and Exp.5 with 36 wk old broiler breeder(Indian River strain). In each experiment, 540 birds were divided into 18 groups of 30 birds each and randomly distributed. Each of the 3 experimental diets(Control：$T_1$0.05% live yeast supplemented：$T_2$ and 0.1% live yeast supplemented ： T$_3$) was fed to 9 groups for 6 wks in Exp.3, 9 wks in Exp.4 and 4 wks in Exp.5. In Exp.4, Latin Square design was employed to determine the effects of switching feeds at 3 wk intervals. All hens were housed in cages of commercial farm and experimental diets were made with commercial layer feeds. In Experiment 1, egg production was significantly(P＜0.05) higher in $T_2$. Feed intake was significantly (P＜higher in 72 at 1st wk but 4 wk average was not significantly different. Feed efficiency was significantly(P＜0.01) better in 72 at End wk but 4 wk average was not significantly different. Other parameters, such as weight, soft egg production, cracked egg production and mortality were not significantly different. In Experiment 2, egg production was significantly(P＜0.05) higher in $T_2$. Feed efficiency was significantly (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01) better at End wk and 3rd wk but 3 wk average was not significantly different. Soft egg production was significantly(P＜0.05) higher in 72. Other parameters were not significantly different. In Experiment 3, egg productions were significantly(P＜0.05) different among treatments ： $T_3$ was higher than $T_1$ and $T_2$ was higher than $T_1$. Egg weight of $T_1$ and $T_2$was significantly(P＜0.05) heavier than $T_3$. Feed intake of $T_2$ and $T_3$ was significantly(P＜0.05) higher than $T_1$ at 6th wk but overall average was not significantly different. Soft egg production were significantly(P＜0.01) different among treatments：$T_1$ was higher than $T_3$ was higher than $T_2$. Feed efficiency cracked e99 Production and mortality were not signifcantly different. In Experiment 4, egg production tended to increase as the level of live yeast supplementation increased but they were not statistically different. In Experiment 5, egg production of broiler breeders of $T_3$ was significantly(P＜0.01) higher than $T_1$. Feed intake of $T_3$ was significantly(P＜0.05) greater than $T_1$ and $T_2$ at 3rd wk but overall average was not significantly different. Fertility and hatchability tended to be higher in the supplemented groups than in the control.