• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1048-1055
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 달맞이꽃 종자 물, 에탄올, 메탄올 및 70% 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화, 신경세포 손상 억제, 항암, 대식세포 면역조절 활성 및 에 대하여 비교하였다. 달맞이꽃 종자 추출물 중 메탄올 추출물에서 각각 31.90 mg GAE/g 및 20.66 mg QE/g의 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 나타내었으며 나머지 추출물과 비교하여 가장 활성이 높았다. 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력 활성은 달맞이꽃 종자 추출물의 처리에 따라 농도의존적으로 증가하였다. 또한 물, 에탄올 및 메탄올 추출물을 $25-100{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 전처리 하였을 때 글루탐산에 의해 유도되는 신경세포 손상 효과를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 암세포의 경우 메탄올 추출물이 간암, 폐암, 유방암 및 흑색종 피부암의 세포 생존율을 효과적으로 감소시켜 낮은 $IC_{50}$ 값을 보였으며 대장암과 전립선암에서는 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물이 가장 낮은 $IC_{50}$ 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 달맞이꽃 종자 70% 에탄올 추출물은 RAW 264.7 마우스 대식세포의 생존율에 영향을 미치지 않는 농도에서 유의적으로 산화질소(nitric oxide, NO)의 생성을 통해 대식세포의 면역활성을 유도하였다. 따라서, 달맞이꽃 종자 추출물은 풍부한 폴리페놀 함량과 다양한 생리활성 효능을 나타내며 이를 통해 달맞이꽃 종자 추출물을 기능성 식품 원료 및 천연물 의약품으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 Bulnesia sarmienti의 기능성 식품으로서의 이용성을 증대시키기 위하여 각 용매별 분획추출물의 항산화 효과와 MTT검색법을 사용한 항암 효과를 측정하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, 물 추출물에서 각각 6.85, 5.81, 6.30, 7.47, 6.48, 4.82%로 나타났다. 용매분획별 총 페놀 함량은 ethyl acetate추출물에서 가장 높게 나왔고, 비교적 총 페놀 함량이 높은$(0.10{\sim}4.55%)$ 과일류보다도 더 높았다. 전자공여능은 모든 용매추출물에서 농도가 높을수록 그 효과가 증가하였으며 $500{\mu}g/mL\;1000{\mu}g/mL$에서는 모든 추출물에서 80%이상의 높은 소거능을 보여 합성항산 화제인 BHT와 동등한 효과를 보였다. 아질산염 소거능 측정결과, $100{\mu}g/mL$에서 methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexean, chloroform, 물 추출물은 각각 4.43, 12.55, 16.72, 1.86, 5.53, 5.77%로 낮은 활성이 나타났다. $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexean, chloroform, 물 추출물은 38.52, 33.39, 47.41, 21.17, 31.74, 18.02%로 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서보다 활성이 증가하였고, $1000{\mu}g/mL$에서는 ethyl acetate추출물이 73.29%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Methanol, butanol, n-hexean, chloroform, 물 추출물은 각각 65.65, 65.02, 47.49, 52.51, 45.54%로 비교적 높은 활성을 보였다. 추출용매에 따른 암세포의 성장억제효과를 보면 위암세포인 SNU-1은 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서 n-hexane추출물이 61.6%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었고, ethyl acetate 와 물 추출물은 억제효과가 없었다. 자궁암세포인 Hela는 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서 n-hexane추출물이 75.1%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었고, 물 추출물은 억제효과가 없었다. 대장암세포인 HT-29도 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서 n-hexane추출물이 57.4%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, Bulnesia sarmienti는 항산화 및 항암효과가 있는 것으로 판단되며 기능성 식품으로서의 개발가능성을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2006

Purpose : We aim to identify the clinical and demographic characteristics in children who underwent renal transplantation(RTx) and to evaluate the influence on growth of RTx in children. Methods : We reviewed 17 medical records of chronic renal failure patients who underwent RTx from April 1992 and June 2004 at Busan Paik Hospital. Age and sex distribution, cause of disease, donor analysis, patient and graft survival rate, and the status of growth after RTx were analysed by retrospective study. Results : Eighteen RTx were performed in 17 patients(8 boys, 9 girls). The mean age at the time of RTx was $15.8{\pm}3.5$ years and the mean duration of dialysis therapy before RTx was $22.4{\pm}18.0$ months. The 1 year and 5 year patient survival rate were each 100%, and the 1 year and 5 year graft survival rate were 88%, 36% respectively. The most common cause of graft failure was chronic rejection. The mean final height of male patients was $162.8{\pm}10.0$ cm(143.0-172.5 cm) and of female patients was $154.5{\pm}12.1$ cm(135.8-160.0 cm). The mean height standard deviation score(Ht SDS) increased after RTx from -1.95 to -1.53 but the increment rate was not statistically significant. Similar changes were noted in individual patient analysis. Also there was no significant difference between the living-related donors and cadaveric donors. Conclusion : Our data shows that even successful RTx rarely results in full growth rehabilitation. To overcome retarded growth in children with chronic renal failure, appropriate combined management of metabolic and nutritional problems, correction of anemia, proper use of recombinant growth hormone therapy, early renal transplantation and shortening of the duration of dialysis would be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

Quercetin mainly exists in the skin of colored fruits and vegetables as one of flavonoids. Recent studies show that quercetin, like other flavonoids, has diverse pharmacological actions. However, relatively little is known about quercetin effects in the regulations of ligand-gated ion channels. In the previous reports, we have shown that quercetin regulates subsets of homomeric ligand-gated ion channels such as glycine, 5-$HT_{3A}$ and ${\alpha}7$ nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In the present study, we examined quercetin effects on heteromeric neuronal ${\alpha}3{\beta}4$ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes after injection of cRNA encoding bovine neuronal ${\alpha}3$ and ${\beta}4$ subunits. Treatment with acetylcholine elicited an inward peak current ($I_{ACh}$) in oocytes expressing ${\alpha}3{\beta}4$ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Co-treatment with quercetin and acetylcholine inhibited $I_{ACh}$ in oocytes expressing ${\alpha}3{\beta}4$ nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The inhibition of $I_{ACh}$ by quercetin was reversible and concentration-dependent. The half-inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of quercetin was $14.9{\pm}0.8\;{\mu}M$ in oocytes expressing ${\alpha}3{\beta}4$ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The inhibition of $I_{ACh}$ by quercetin was voltage-independent and non-competitive. These results indicate that quercetin might regulate ${\alpha}3{\beta}4$ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and this regulation might be one of the pharmacological actions of quercetin in nervous systems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.537-550
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• 1998

Purpose ; This Investigation was aimed to find out the Acupuncture therapy of verbal disturbance after stroke in Oriental Medicine. Methods ; We surveyed the oriental medical books which are from to recent published books that have articles about verbal disturbance. Results ; It is used on Acupuncture points: Yomchon(CV23), Amun(GV15), Chondol(CV22), Tongni(HT5), Pungnyung(ST40), Pungbu(GV16), Crugu(TE6), Yongchon(KI1), Hapkok(LI4), Paekoe(GV20), Kokchi(LI11), Puryu(KI7), Shinsu(BL23), Kumjin-okaek, Chohae(KI6). Conclusions ; The concept of phonation organ in Neiching is same as that of modern physiology. Verbal disturbance includes aphasia, dysarthrosis, aphonia, etc. The acupuncture treatment of verbal disturbance after stroke could be effective. Verbal disturbance of central nervous disease is relative with Sul-um(舌?) and that of periperal nervous disease is relative with Hu-um(侯?) in oriental medicine. From the above research, we could conclude that the acupuncture therapy on verbal disturbance should start from finding out the proper acu-points and theories in ancient oriental books and recent books and we will apply those acu-points and theories in clinic. We also concluded that the more research on clinical part should be performed.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

This study was initiated in order to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereinafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of Panellus serotinus. Content of ${\beta}$-glucan and protein in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. serotinus ranged from 22.92~28.52 g/100 g and 3.24~3.68 g/100 g, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, none of the various fractions of crude polysaccharides were cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at the tested concentration. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 23.53~44.71% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. HW resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ compared with control. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in improvement of the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.4 fold, compared with control, at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Among the three fractions, maximum nitric oxide ($13.48{\mu}M$) was recorded at $500{\mu}g/mL$ in Fr. HW. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher, compared to the positive control, concanavalin A, at the tested concentration. Therefore, treatment with crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of P. serotinus could result in improvement of antitumor activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.656-662
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• 2015

천연물을 기반으로 한 신약 개발은 일반적으로 오랜 기간 동안의 원료 약물로써 사용해 온 경험에 의한 다양한 임상적 결과의 축적과 이로 인한 안정성(stability)과 안전성(safety)의 확보 및 신약 개발 시간의 단축과 같은 이점을 가지고 있어, 천연물 유래 약물 연구는 꼭 필요한 실정이다. 다양한 신경질환에서 신경세포의 사멸과 미세아교세포의 과도한 활성화 즉 뇌염증이 관찰되며 이를 억제할 수 있는 물질에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행 중이지만, 현재까지 신경세포 사멸과 뇌염증을 동시에 억제하는 물질 개발 시도는 거의 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 천연물에서 추출한 물질로 총 240개로 구성된 라이브러리로부터 신경전달물질 중의 하나인 glutamate 과잉처리에 의한 산화적 스트레스 유도 신경세포(HT22) 사멸과 LPS에 의한 미세아교세포(BV2)의 과도한 활성화 즉 뇌염증의 표지 인자 중 하나인 NO의 생산량의 감소 효과가 동시에 나타나는 물질을 검출한 결과, 대황에서 추출한 Chrysophanol이 검출되었으며 더욱이 Chrysophanol이 신경세포와 미세아교세포 모두에서 glutamate와 LPS에 의해 각각 유도된 세포내 활성산소(ROS) 발생을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 앞으로 Chrysophanol에 대한 보다 깊은 연구를 통하여 산화적 스트레스에 의한 신경세포 사멸과 미세아교세포의 과잉 활성화에 따른 뇌염증의 발생을 동시에 억제하는 신경질환의 치료 및 예방 신약개발 후보 물질 가능성을 제시 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2012

Previously, we demonstrated that the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is present on fibroblasts, where it regulates focal contact. Here, we assessed whether this action of EpoR is involved in the reduced cell adhesion observed in colonocytes exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin A. EpoR was present and functionally active in cells of the human colonic epithelial cell line HT29 and epithelial cells of human colon tissues. Toxin A significantly decreased activating phosphorylations of EpoR and its downstream signaling molecules JAK-2 (Janus kinase 2) and STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5). In vitro kinase assays confirmed that toxin A inhibited JAK 2 kinase activity. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 (with AG490) abrogated activating phosphorylations of EpoR and also decreased focal contacts in association with inactivation of paxillin, an essential focal adhesion molecule. In addition, AG490 treatment significantly decreased expression of occludin (a tight junction molecule) and tight junction levels. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of JAK2 by toxin A in colonocytes causes inactivation of EpoR, thereby enhancing the inhibition of focal contact formation and loss of tight junctions known to be associated with the enzymatic activity of toxin A.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.125-146
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to suggest for the following experimental study of dementia by reviewing recent oriental medicine journals that have been published since 2000. Methods: We have investigated various types of studies in relation to dementia through 90 articles that have been published from 2000 to 2007 in recent oriental medicine journals were registered Korea research foundation. Results and Conclusions : 1. Since 2000, 88 articles in relation to dementia have been published and almost of them are herbal medicine-centered studies. Also they show a tendency to increase every year. The journal of oriental neuropsychiatry carries the highest number of studies in relation to dementia. 2. According to the experimental paper, there are 30 cases of using herb simplexes, 48 cases of herb-combined prescription, and 10 cases of other ways. Especially 7 cases of using herb-combined prescription relation to Sasang constitution are all for the Taeumin. 3. There are 85 cases of Animal and cellular experimental, 60 cases of using pathologic model induced cytotoxic activity, a case of using L-NAME, 3 cases of 192 saporin, 4 cases of ibotenic acid, 10 cases of focal cerebral ischemia, 3 cases of alcohol-administered, and one case of natural degradation. 4. Moms water maze, Radial arm maze Passive avoidance learning model were using for examining learning and memory of model animal 5. We propose that following studies of dementia are to he investigated of the applied method of using siRNA with tranceduced gene, sample preparation by water-soaking, oriental medical diagnosis, standardization of differentiating symptom and herb simplexes, building the database by classified prescriptions, and experiment model which are based on precise examining mechanism with cell line as like mouse H19-7 hippocampus, rat HT22 hippocampus, astrocyte, microglia, using the model of animals at APP, PS1, BACE, CT99/PS1, APOE4, Tau, APP/PSI/Tau

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.922-934
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• 2000

To investigate the composition of carotenoids present in marine organisms and the biological activity of the carotenoids, carotenoids of the muscles and tunic of tunicates and shellfishes were isolated and identified. Anitmutagenic activities of the carotenoids for S. typhimurium TA 98 and cytotoxic activity for cancer cell lines were determined. Total carotenoid contents in the muscle of tunicata ranged from 18.65 mg% to 2.39 mg%. The highest amount of the total carotenoid was found in the muscle of Halocynthia aurantium, followed by Styela clava (HERDMAN), H. roretzi, H. hilgendorfi f. igaboya, H. hilgendorfi f. retteri, S. plicata (LESUEUR) in order. Interestingly, total carotenoid content in the muscle of S. clava (HERDAMAN) was higher than that of H. roretzi. Total carotenoid content of all tunicata, other than H. aurantium and H. roretzi, were higher in muscle than tunic. The major carotenoids in H. roretzi, H. aurantium, S. plicata (LESUEUR), and S. clava (HERDAMAN) were cynthiaxanthin (25.1∼42.2%), halocynthiaxanthin (9.7∼26.3%), diatoxanthin (8.0∼18.7%) and β-carotene (7.7%∼21.7%). Similarly, cantaxanthin (19.6%), cynthiaxanthin (15.4%), halocynthiaxanthin (14.8%), and (3R, 3'R), (3S, 3'S)-astaxanthin (22.6%) in H. hilgendorfi f. retteri and fucoxanthin (26.6%), cynthiaxanthin (21.8%), halocynthiaxanthin (15.2%), and β-carotene (9.3%) in H. hilgendorfi f. igaboya were major carotenoids in both tunicate. However, the composition of carotenoids in muscle and tunic of tunicata was similar each other. Among the shellfishes examined, total carotenoid content of the muscle of Peronidia venulosa (Schrenck) and Corbicula fluminea, and of the gonad of Atrina pinnata and Chlamys farreri, was ranged from 2.51 to 6.83 mg% which were relatively higher than that of other shellfishes. The composition of the carotenoids of shellfishes, which might depend upon their living environments, was varied. But cynthiaxanthin (15.9∼39.0%) and zeaxanthin (9.6∼21.9%) in gonad of C. farreri, and muscles of Buccinum Volutharpa perryi (JAY) and Crassostrea gigas, cynthiaxanthin (21.5∼48.6%) and mytiloxanthin (14.6%) in muscle of C.fluminea and gonad of A. pinnata, and canthaxanthin (60.6%) and isozeaxanthin (20.5%) in muscles of P. venulosa (Schrenck), and β-carotene (23.7%∼37.8%) and zeaxanthin (18.2∼20.4) in muscles of Semisulcospira libertina and Meretrix lusoria were major carotenoids. Interestingly, diester type-carotenoids were present along with free type-carotenoids in muscles of C. gigas. antimutagenic effect of the carotenoids isolated from tunicata and shellfishes against 2-amino-3-methylimidazol [4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) for S. typhimurium TA 98 was proportional to the amount (20, 50 and 100㎍/plate) treated. Mutagenicity of IQ was significantly reduced by astaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, mytiloxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, whereas the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) was significantly reduced by β-carotene, isozeaxanthin, and mytiloxnthin. Growth inhibition effect of carotenoids isolated from tunicata and shellfishes for cancer cell was proportional to the amount (5, 10, and 20㎍/plate) treated. The growth of HeLa cell by β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, NCI-H87 cell by β-carotene, astaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, and halocynthiaxanthin, HT-29 cell by β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, mytiloxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, and MG-63 cells by β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin were statistically reduced.