• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.309-312
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• 2006

Aflatoxin $B_1$ in 70 retail samples, including 40 food-grade peanut (28 domestic, 12 imported) and 30 peanut butter (12 domestic, 18 imported) samples, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FD), and positive samples were confirmed using HPLC with mass spectrometry (MS). Recoveries of aflatoxin $B_1$ spiked at 2 ppb exceeded 80% in both commodities. Detection limits for aflatoxin $B_1$ by HPLC-FD and MS analysis were 0.8 and 0.1 ppb, respectively. Four domestic and six imported peanut samples contained detectable levels of aflatoxin $B_1$ with means of 19 and 32 ppb, respectively. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was found in two domestic and three imported peanut butter samples with mean aflatoxin $B_1$ of 10 and 12 ppb, respectively. Peanut commodity showed more frequent aflatoxin $B_1$ contamination compared to its processed peanut butter product, and levels of aflatoxin $B_1$, especially in imported peanuts, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other commodities. These results suggest peanut and peanut butter are not major contributors to dietary intake of aflatoxin $B_1$ in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.140-142
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• 2006

Because ochratoxin A recovery level of Makgeolli is lower (<50%) than those of other commodities such as rice, barley, and beer, Makgeolli was evaluated to improve the recovery and enable routine analysis. Use of 3% sodium bicarbonate instead of phosphate-buffered saline as homogenizing solution provided good recovery of ochratoxin A (>80%) spiked in Makgeolli at level of 1 ppb. To determine if this analytical method is reliable for ochratoxin A detection in Makgeolli, survey was conducted for ochratoxin A in 30 sterile Makgeolli samples retailed in Korea. Only two wheat-based Makgeolli samples contained detectable level of ochratoxin A (0.8 and 2.1 ppb) as confirmed by HPLC- electrospray ionization- mass spectrometry. Extraction of sample with 3% sodium bicarbonate for 3 min, followed by cleanup of extracts with immunoaffinity columns, and HPLC with fluorescence detection provided dependable detection of ochratoxin A in Makgeolli samples.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2016

One of oriental medicinal plants, Potentilla chinensis, has been used for anti-inflammation, hemostatic, decryption, and antipyretic. Especially, a root of Potentilla chinensis was used as important material for oriental medication. Although several kinds of bioactive component of Potentilla chinensis extract from stems and leaves were identified, the major component of Potentilla chinensis from roots is not well established. In this study, the root of Potentilla chinensis was extracted in different solvent system and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to HPLC analysis, a major component was isolated and its physicochemical properties were evaluated by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on these results, isolated compound was identified as 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid. And quantification of 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid with different extraction solvent system was performed for industrial application.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5070-5077
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• 2014

Many countries in the world have protected their native plants and utilized them as industrial materials in each country. In this aspect, it is increasingly important to develop cosmetics materials using native plants in Korea. Cosmetic materials have been developed with niche plants, such as Campanula takesimana Nakai, Dianthus superbus, Aster spathulifolius in Ullengdo, in which a specific plant distribution by distinct climate and environment was present. Water and ethanol extractions were performed from the calluses of Campanula takesimana Nakai, Dianthus superbus, Aster spathulifolius. HPLC analysis revealed different compositions and functions of effective elements in each ethanol extract. For example, all types of ethanol extracts showed an ability to heal wounds. In particular, the expression of the inflammation-related gene, COX-2, was decreased in response to the ethanol extracts of Dianthus superbus. These results indicate that the ethanol extracts from niche plants' calluses in Ullengdo are natural and environmentally-friendly compounds, and can be used as medical supplies associated with anti-inflammation and wound healing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

Background: Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) exhibit extensive activities, but few analytical methods have been established to exclusively determine the dammarane triterpene saponins in PNL. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) and HPLC-UV methods were developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in PNL, respectively. Results: Extraction conditions, including solvents and extraction methods, were optimized, which showed that ginsenosides Rc and Rb3, the main components of PNL, are transformed to notoginsenosides Fe and Fd, respectively, in the presence of water, by removing a glucose residue from position C-3 via possible enzymatic hydrolysis. A total of 57 saponins were identified in the methanolic extract of PNL by UPLC/Q-TOF MS. Among them, 19 components were unambiguously characterized by their reference substances. Additionally, seven saponins of PNL-ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rb3, and notoginsenosides Fc, Fe, and Fd-were quantified using the HPLC-UV method after extraction with methanol. The separation of analytes, particularly the separation of notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rc, was achieved on a Zorbax ODS C8 column at a temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. This developed HPLC-UV method provides an adequate linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999), repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD < 2.98%), and inter- and intraday variations (RSD < 4.40%) with recovery (98.7-106.1%) of seven saponins concerned. This validated method was also conducted to determine seven components in 10 batches of PNL. Conclusion: These findings are beneficial to the quality control of PNL and its relevant products.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5628-5636
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• 2014

Currently, many countries have an interest in developing cosmetics materials using native plants. In this aspect, there is increasing need to develop cosmetics materials using native plants in our county. In the present study, calluses were induced from Artemisia annua Linne, which was highlighted because of its useful effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-fungal and anti-inflammation. Water and ethanol extractions were performed from the calluses of Artemisia annua Linne. After the mass production of Artemisia annua Linne's calluses, water and ethanol extraction was performed to examine its functional roles in healing wounds and inflammation. The differences in the effective elements were observed in the ethanol extract. The callus showed anti-inflammation activity through the suppression of the inflammation-related gene, COX-2, and ethanol extracts showed their ability to heal wounds. Overall, these results suggest that the extract of Artemisia annua Linne's calluses is a natural and environment-friendly material, and can be used as medical supplies associated with anti-inflammation and healing wounds.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2005

수마트립탄은 뇌혈관에 분포되어 있는 5-HT1B/1D수용체에 특이적이고 선택적으로 작용하여 뇌혈관 수축 작용을 나타내어 편두통의 치료에 널리 쓰이는 약물이다. 본 연구는 수마트립탄 제제인 이미그란(50 mg tablet, GSK사)을 대조약으로 하여 시험약인 명인 제약의 수마트란 50mg정의 생물학적 동등성 평가를 하기 위해 22명의 건강한 지원자를 모집하였다. 지원자를 두 군으로 나누어 1정씩 투여하였고 $2{\times}2$ 교차시험을 실시하였다. 수마트립탄의 혈장 중의 농도를 정량하기 위하여 발리데이션된 HPLC/FD를 사용하였다. 채혈 시간은 투약 전 및 투약 후 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3,4, 5, 7, 9, 12시간에 걸쳐 총 12시점에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 생물학적 동등성을 판정하기 위한 파라미터로 12시간까지의 혈장 중 농도 곡선 하 면적$(AUC_{12hr})$ 최고 혈중 농도$(C_{max})$를 사용하였다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 평균은 $137.87ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(시험약)과 $130.12ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(대조약)으로 나타났다. $C_{max}$의 경우 각 각 29.30 ng/ml(시험약)과 29.25ng/m1(대조약)으로 관찰되었다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 경우 로그변환 한 평균치 차의 90% 신뢰구간이 log0.95-log1.24이었고, $C_{max}$의 경우 log0.90-log1.149로 계산되 어 두 항목 모두 log0.8-log1.25이어야 한다는 식품의 약품 안전청 과 FDA의 기준을 모두 만족시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 시험약 수마트란 정 50 mg은 대조약 이미그란 정 50 mg에 대하여 생물학적으로 동등한 것으로 판정되었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.4 s.55
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have been emphasized due to their threats in human health. Waste incinerator emission has been emphasized as a source of EDC including polychlorinateddibenzofurans(PCDD/F) and other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been used as an exposure biomarker for the PAHs. On the other hand, etheno-DNA adducts, e.g. 1, $N^6-ethenodeoxyadenosine({\varepsilon}dA)$, has been developed as an useful effective or response biomarker for carcinogenesis. Thus, I investigated association between urinary 1-OHP and ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels due to distance from an incinerator which was built more 10 years ago in the middle of a farm in P city. I designated the EDC-high and low exposed group due to distance from the incinerator, i.e. within 2.5km and $5.0{\sim}7.5km$ from the incinerator, respectively. The study subjects were age and sex-matched males and females (mean age, $61.3{\pm}9.6$ yrs; total 40 persons, male, 10; female, 10 for the each group). Urinary 1-OHP and ${\varepsilon}dA$ were analyzed with HPLC-FD and IP-HPLC-FD, respectively. As results, the distance from the incinerator was not associated with urinary 1-OHP nor ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels (p=0.43 and 0.82, respectively). On the other hand, urinary ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemia group (N=10) than normal group (N=30). In conclusion, urinary 1-OHP nor ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels can not be suggested as an incinerator-related exposure nor effective biomarker. However, not only distance from the incinerator bot also systemic approaches including wind and soil contamination are required to assume exposure levels of incinerator-related EDC.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

본 연구는 알려진 녹차의 다양한 항산화, 항염 효능이 있는 Polyphenol 류 이외의 생물학적 활성을 가지는 펩타이드 및 당단백질 소재에 대한 특성과 분석을 위하여 연구되었다. 녹차에서 수용성 성분을 추출 후 알콜 침전방법을 사용하여 단백질과 펩타이드류를 분리하여 실험에 사용하였다. 전체 추출물 중에는 Glutamic acid가 14073.9ug/g, (39.11%)로 가장 높게 분석되었으며, GPC 분석결과 Mn 886, Mw 25218, Mp 890, Mw/Mn 28.46으로 분석이 되었으며, 전체적으로 3개의 피크로 분석되었다. 함유된 펩타이드를 분석하기 위하여 HPLC를 이용하여 RT 16.148min의 Fraction을 분리하여 펩타이드 분석결과 녹차에서 유래한 TNTLSN이라는 hexapeptide를 동정하였다. 이러한 펩타이드는 친수성이며, 안정도가 높은 특징을 가지고 있고, 분자량이 1000이하로 피부 흡수도가 높을 것으로 기대되며, Biodegradable하며, Renewable 한 자연 친화적인 화장품 소재로서 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5393-5399
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• 2014

To examine the effects of a mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) mixture from microalgae, Chlamydomonas sp, on the anti-wrinkle activities, the expression levels of genes that are associated with skin aging, including type I procollagen, elastin and involucrin, were analyzed. Asterina 330+palythine (A+P) and shinorine+palythine (S+P) mixtures were purified from Chlamydomonas sp using the following steps: 80% methanolic extraction, column purification, and HPLC analysis. As a result of the MTT assay, A+P and S+P did not induce cellular cytotoxicity with up to 0.1 mg/mL of both MAAs. In addition, the treatment of UV-exposed fibroblasts with A+P (0.05 mg/mL) and S+P (0.01 mg/mL) increased the levels of the PCOLCE mRNAs by 2.7 and 3.6 fold compared to the control group, respectively, The levels of elastin gene expression were elevated 5.59 and 3.1 fold in the A+P and S+P treated (0.01 mg/mL) cells, respectively. In particular, at a concentration of 0.01 mg /mL, the A+P and S+P expression levels of Involucrin mRNAs were increased 3.5 and 2.5 fold in the UV-exposed cells compared to the control, respectively. In conclusion, the MAAs derived from Chlamydomonas sp can be utilized as functional cosmetic materials with anti-wrinkle effects on the skin.