• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.255-259
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• 1993

${\beta}$-Carboline alkaloids of Polygala tenuifolia (Polygalaceae), an expectorant, tonic and sedative drude drug, were determined by HPLC. The alkaloids were separated by RP-18 column with gradient elution of 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer(pH=3.5) and acetonitrile and detected at UV 254nm. Two methods for the preparation of alkaloid fraction were compared. One was solvent extraction method using acid and base, and the other was solid phase extraction with ion exchange resin (Amberlyst 15). A more refined HPLC chromatogram was obtained using the solid phase extraction method. The alkaloidal contents in P. tenuifolia determined by this method were : harman $2.8{\times}10^{-3}%$, norharman $1.7{\times}10^{-3}%$, 1-carbomethoxy-${\beta}$-carboline $1.3{\times}10^{-3}%$, 1-carboethoxy-${\beta}$-carboline $1.4{\times}10^{-3}%$ and perlolyrine $3.3{\times}10^{-3}%$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.513-518
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• 2005

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed to determine (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin contents in grape seed ethanol extract. CE separation was achieved using 100 mM phosphate and borate buffer at pH 6.0 as background electrolyte and fused silica capillary with 50 microns x 375 microns O.D. (effective length 20.0cm) maintained at $25^{\circ}C$. The applied voltage was 10kV, and detection was performed by DAD at 210 nm, Two catechins were well separated within 6 min with repeatability of <0.8% RSD for migration time and <2.0% RSD for peak area, and correlation coefficients higher than 0.994 were obtained from 58.0 to 174.0 mg/L with detection limit of 0.035 mg/L. Separated compounds were successfully determined. CE method was easy to handle and showed good reproducibility. CE method was compared with conventional coloring and HPLC methods, and main advantages of CE method were low amount of sample required, simple pre-sample treatment, good recovery rate, and short analysis time.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2013

Pyrifluquinazon is classified with a quinazoline insecticide that regulates food intake by controling the feeding behavior acting on the endocrine or nervous system of pests such as aphids and white fly. To keep safety on pyrifluquinazon residues in agricultural commodities a simple, accurate and rapid analytical method was developed and validated using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC-UVD). The pyrifluquinazon residues acidified with 1% formic acid in samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with hexane subsequently to dichloromethane then purified with silica solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The purified samples were detected using HPLC-UVD. The method was validated using apple and pear spiked with pyrifluquinazon at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg and hulled rice, pepper, soybean at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg. Average recoveries were 70.5~107.9% with relative standard deviation less than 10%. The result of recoveries and overall coefficient of variation of a laboratory results in Gwangju regional FDA and Daejeon regional FDA was followed with Codex guideline (CODEX CAC/GL 40). This method is appropriated at pyrifluquinazon residues determination and will be used as official method of analysis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2010

This study was conducted to establish a method to analyze azodicarbonamide (ADA) in wheat flour. A new method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ADA in wheat flour. The recovery rate was 91.93~97.54%. The limit of detection for ADA was 0.02 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/kg. The monitoring results for ADA contents using the established methods showed that it was detected as the low value of 0.95 mg/kg in one of 51 flour samples (detection rate : 2%), but not detected in 59 bakery samples. The detected ADA level was suitable to its usage standard, compared to the standard (45 mg/kg). Although the detection rate was very low, the established analytical method of ADA will contribute to the management of ADA in processed foods such as wheat flour and bakery.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1687-1695
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• 2016

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin, contaminates agricultural products and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Microbiological methods are known to be a promising approach for OTA biodegradation because physical and chemical methods have practical limitations. In the present study, a total of 130 fungal isolates obtained from 65 traditional Korean meju (a fermented starter for fermentation of soybeans) samples were examined for OTA-biodegradation activity using thin-layer chromatography. Two fungal isolates were selected for OTA-biodegradation activity and were identified as Aspergillus tubingensis M036 and M074 through sequence analysis of the beta-tubulin gene. After culturing both A. tubingensis isolates in Soytone-Czapek medium containing OTA (40 ng/ml), OTA-biodegradation activity was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both A. tubingensis strains degraded OTA by more than 95.0% after 14 days, and the HPLC analysis showed that the OTA biodegradation by the A. tubingensis strains led to the production of ochratoxin α, which is much less toxic than OTA. Moreover, crude enzymes from the cultures of A. tubingensis M036 and M074 led to OTA biodegradation of 97.5% and 91.3% at pH 5, and 80.3% and 75.3% at pH 7, respectively, in a buffer solution containing OTA (40 ng/ml) after 24 h. In addition, the OTA-biodegrading fungi did not exhibit OTA production activity. Our data suggest that A. tubingensis isolates and their enzymes have the potential for practical application to reduce levels of OTA in food and feed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to analyze the quality of Ojeok-san extract powders distributed in Korea. Methods : HPLC analyses of Ojeok-san decoction produced in laboratory and 8 kinds of Ojeok-san extract powders were done. Also, quantity analyses of paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis, alkaloid in Ephedra sinica, Hesperidin in Citrus unshiu Markovich, and cinnamic acid in Cinnamomum cassia Blume were performed to investigate the accurate content of 6 kinds of Ojeok-san extract powders. Results : In the pattern analysis, the peaks were compared. The content of components in herbal extract powders was 14.7 to 15.8% of that of decoction in average. The range was measured from 8.5 to 25.7%. The pattern comparison showed significant differences among the pharmaceutical companies' products. As for the quantity analysis, one of herbal extract powder contained insufficient amount of Paeonia lactiflora components and one of herbal extract powder was in short of Ephedra sinica components. All of the others contained more than standard component(over 90%). Conclusions : Because herbal extract powders are also medicine, standardized manufacturing methods and consistent quality management are necessary. Therefore exaction and operation of national standards and various researches to improve the quality management of herbal extract powders is urgent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 2000

At present, analytical methods available for determining the amount of cationic surfactants(DSDMAC) on the fabrics are spectrophotometric method based on formation and extraction of the colored ion pair with anionic dye, radiochemical analysis and HPLC analysis. This study presents new analytical methods based on the formation of cationic surfactant(DSDMAC)-disulfine blue complex on the cotton fabric. Test methods for determining the amount of DSDMAC-disulfine blue complex on the cotton fabrics are measuring the reflectance of the colored fabric and the absorbance of the methanol solution of DSDMAC-disulfine blue complex extracted from dyed cotton fabric. Linear relationships between the K/S value of the fabric treated with DSDMAC followed by disulfine blue and the amount of DSDMAC sorbed by cotton fabric were obtained. Thus, the amount of DSDMAC sorbed by cotton fabric can be determined by K/S value of the fabric. DSDMAC-disulfine blue complex on the cotton fabric was extracted with methanol. The amount of DSDMAC sorbed by cotton fabric was estimated by measuring the absorbance of the methanol solution extracted from dyed cotton fabric.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2024

Objective : In this study, we performed quantitative comparison on the content of 10 marker compounds in cinnamon barks from different species and found chemical discrimination between genuine Cinnamomum cassia and other Cinnamomum species (Non C. cassia). Methods : Cinnamon bark samples were extracted using the ultrasonication in 100% methanol for 30 minutes. The samples were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography with statistical analysis. Results : The analytical method developed in this study met all validation criteria and was applied to the quantification of the 10 marker compounds in cinnamon bark samples. The major chemical discrimination of C. cassia were identified as low content of epicatechin and eugenol, and high contents of benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid compared to other Non C. cassia samples. Especially, among other compounds, the content of cinnamaldehyde was the highest in the C. cassia and Non C. cassia samples. The result of principal component analysis showed that the samples of C. cassia and Non C. cassia were clearly differentiated via benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, and epicatechin, which influenced on clustering C. cassia and Non C. cassia samples. Conclusion : C. cassia and Non C. cassia samples were chemically discriminated using the quantitative HPLC analysis. Based on this, it is possible to control the quality of herbal medicines containing Cinnamomi Cortex. It is necessary to further improve the accuracy of discrimination between C. cassia and Non C. cassia species to evaluate cinnamon bark quality.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-49
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• 2014

Objectives: Quercetin and curcuminoids are important bioactive compounds found in many herbs. Previously reported high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods for the detection of quercetin and curcuminoids have several disadvantages, including unsatisfactory separation times and lack of validation according the standard guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Methods: A rapid, specific, reversed phase, HPLC-UV method with an isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 2% v/v acetic acid (40% : 60% v/v) (pH 2.6) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/minutes, a column temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 370 nm was developed. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of different types of market available Chinese medicine extracts, pills and tablets. Results: The method allowed simultaneous determination of quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin in the concentration ranges of $0.00488-200{\mu}g/mL$, $0.625-320{\mu}g/mL$, $0.07813-320{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.03906-320{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification, respectively, were 0.00488 and $0.03906{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, 0.62500 and $2.50000{\mu}g/mL$ for bisdemethoxycurcumin, 0.07813 and $0.31250{\mu}g/mL$ for demethoxycurcumin, and 0.03906 and $0.07813{\mu}g/mL$ for curcumin. The percent relative intra day standard deviation (% RSD) values were $0.432-0.806{\mu}g/mL$, $0.576-0.723{\mu}g/mL$, $0.635-0.752{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.655-0.732{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and those for intra day precision were $0.323-0.968{\mu}g/mL$, $0.805-0.854{\mu}g/mL$, $0.078-0.844{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.275-0.829{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The intra day accuracies were 99.589%-100.821%, 98.588%-101.084%, 9.289%-100.88%, and 98.292%-101.022% for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and the inter day accuracy were 99.665%-103.06%, 97.669%-103.513%, 99.569%-103.617%, and 97.929%-103.606%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be simple, accurate and precise and is recommended for routine quality control analysis of commercial Chinese medicine products containing the flour flavonoids as their principle components in the extracts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1321-1329
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• 2007

Deer antler tissue contains the most rapidly growing bone in the animal kingdom. Thus, it is likely that growing antler tissue is a rich source of local paracrine bone-stimulating factors. Growth factors, at least the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), control the bone-remodelling process. In this study, we tried to isolate and purify IGF-I from fresh antler tissue by the routine isolation and purification of protein. The purification involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-60 ion-exchange chromatography, CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Purified fractions from each step were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PACE), Dot-blot, and Western-blot methods. Furthermore, the quantification of partially purified IGF-I was calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using antibody to human recombinant IGF-1. SDS-PAGE analysis of the final fraction yielded two molecular bands and the signal band was at 12 kDa on the Western-blot film. This purified IGF-I fraction showed a peak at retention time of eight min. The quantity of IGF-I in 20 g deer antler tissue as starting weight was calculated using a standard curve to be 2910 ng/ml, and total IGF-I amount is 0.291 g. The results show that IGF-I, which can be found in deer antler, can be partially purified and quantified by classic protein isolation methods.