• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.489-495
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• 1998

The optimum culture condition of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis for the production of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was as follows: Tryptone 1.5%, $NH_4NO_3$ 0.2%, Raffinose 2.5%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, pH 7.0, $27^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase producing Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were pH 7.0 and $27^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at $pH\;6.0{\sim}8.0$ and at temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Ag^{2+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and Iodine. These results would indicate the presence of -SH groups in the catalytic site of the enzyme. Km value was 1.9 mM for $p-nitrophenyl-{\alpha}-D-galactopyranoside$ and Vmax value was $9.66{\times}10^2\;{\mu}M/min$. Sugar constituents of culture broth were identified by HPLC that the enzyme liberated sucrose, glucose and fructose from raffinose and raffinose was significantly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

A phosphate solubilizing bacterium. strain 60-2G, possessing a strong ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate was isolated from the rhizosphere of grass. On the basis of GC-FAME profile, carbon utilization pattern, and the DNA sequence of a conserved partial 16S rRNA gene, the 60-2G was identified as Enterobacter intermedium. The analysis by HPLC revealed that the strain 60-2G produced mainly gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids with small amounts of lactic acid in broth culture medium containing hydroxyapatite. During the incubation period of the strain 60-2G in broth culture, pH of the medium decreased upto 3.8 while the soluble phosphate concentration increased. The reversed correlation between pH and soluble phosphate concentration indicated that the solubility of P was due to the produced organic acids. The sequence homology of the deduced amino acids suggested that E. intermedium 60-2G synthesized PQQ which is essential for the oxidation of glucose by glucose dehydrogenase.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 1998

A novel in situ-gelling and mucoadhesive acetaminophen liquid suppository was developed to improve the patient compliance of conventional solid suppository. In this study, acetaminophen liquid suppository, Likipe $n_{R}$, ［aminophen/Poloxamer 407/Poloxamer 188/so4ium alginate (5/15/19/0.6%)] with relation temperature at 30-36 "C and suitable gel strength and bioadhesive force, dissolution pattern similar to conventional solid type suppository, Suspe $n_{R}$, was developed. Furthermore, the bioequivalence of two acetaminophen products was evaluated in 16 normal male volunteers (age 22-27 yr, body weight 56-72 kg) following sidle rectal administration. Test product was Likipe $n_{R}$ suppository (Dong-Wha Pharm. Corp., Korea)and reference product was Suspe $n_{R}$204-212 suppository (Hanmi Pharm. Corp., Korea). Both products contain 125 mg of acetaminophen. Four Suppositories of the test and the reference product were administered to the volunteers, respectively, by randomized two period cross-over study (2$\times$2 Latin square method). The determination of acetaminophen was accomplished using HPLC. Average drug concentrations at each sampling time and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were not significantly different between two products (p>0.05); the area under the curve to last sampling time (24 hr) (AU $Co_{-2}$4h/) (30.14$\pm$8.64 vs 27.98$\pm$ 6.53 $\mu$g .h/ml), maximum plasma concentration ( $C_{max}$) (3.29$\pm$0.87 vs 3.60$\pm$0.66 $\mu$g/ml) and time to maximum plasma concentration ( $T_{max}$) (2.91 $\pm$0.55 vs 2.69$\pm$0.60 h). The differences of mean AUCo $_{24h}$, C-a. and T-between the two products (7.18%, 9.58% and 7.53%, respectively) were less than 20%. The power (1-7) and treatment difference ($\Delta$) for AU $Co_{24h}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were more than 0.8 and less than 0.2, respectively at $\alpha$=0.1. The confidence limits for AU $Co_{24h}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ (-0.81 ~13.55%, -1.56~ 17.60 and -3.81 ~18.87%, respectively) were less than $\pm$ 20% at $\alpha$=0.1. These results suggest that the bioavailability of Likipe $n_{R}$ suppository is not significantly different from that of Suspe $n_{R}$ suppsitory. Therefore, two products are bio-equivalent based on the current results.results.lts.sults.results.lts.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.217-227
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• 2021

In this study, Korean-cultivated Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC) was extracted anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were compared in order to confirm the possibility of natural cosmetics as a raw material. HPLC pattern analysis, cell viability assay, total phenolic contents, ABTS/DPPH radical scavenging analysis, measurement of ROS production, griess reagent assay, and luminex technique. The content of quercetin was higher in fresh Houttuynia cordata (HC-F) than in dried Houttuynia cordata (HC-D). Also, content of HC extracts shows a difference in the content of the two representative compounds (polyphenol and flavonoid) according to the stored differently. ROS production showed higher inhibitory rates at HC-F. The anti-inflammatory activity of HC-D was shown higher than that of HC-F. But, in the measurement of the reduction in inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β showed that HC-D had a relatively high reduction effect, and IL-6 and TNF-α showed a high reduction effect. And these results will be a basis for the development of cosmetology in skin care and improvement of skin problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1545-1554
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• 2010

Korean government will set up the nationwide food safety system with strict control of hazardous nutrients like sugar, fatty acids and sodium as well as advanced nutrition education system. In addition, almost one hundred percent of school food service rate forced the government to consider more effective ways to upgrade the nutritional status of school meals. The object of our study was to provide the data on content and consumption of sugar in school meal for the nationwide project. For this purpose, we surveyed the sugar content of 842 school meal menus and their intake level for 154 days in 8 schools in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Sugar contents, the sum of the quantity of 5 sugars commonly detected in food, were analysed with HPLC-RID (Refractive Index Detector). Sugar intakes were calculated by multiplying the intake of each menu to the sugar content of that menu. The sugar content was highest in the desserts, which include fruit juices, dairy products and fruits. Sugar content of side dish was high in sauces and braised foods. Sugar intake from one dish is high in beverage and dairy product, and one dish meals contribute greatly to sugar intake because of their large amount of meal intake. The average lunch meal intakes of second grade and fifth grade elementary school students were 244 g/meal and 304 g/meal, respectively. The meal intake of middle school student was 401 g/meal. The average sugar intake from one day school lunch was 4.22 g (4.03 g on elementary and 5.31 g on middle school student), which is less than 10% of daily sugar reference value for Koreans. The result of this study provides exact data of sugar intake pattern based on the content of sugar which is matched directly to the meals consumed by the students.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1981

The influence of high temperature storage on the chemical composition and color intensity of the concentrated red ginseng extract(RGE) was investigated. The concentrated RGE was prepared by extraction of red ginseng tails with water and concentrated under reduced pressure. Changes in free sugars, saponin patterns and brown color intensity were measured during 96 hours of heat treatment at various temperature. A decrease in the contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose was resulted as the brown color intensity increased during the storage. The sugar contents and color intensity showed rapid initial change followed by slowing down at higher temperature. A significant relationship was found between sugar content and browning rate. The saponin pattern measured by high performance liquid chromatography, particularly in the region of protopanaxtriol, was also affected significantly. The peak heights of ginsenoside -Re and $-Rg_1$ were decreased while those of ginsenoside $-Rg_2$ and -Rh group were increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.323-335
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• 1983

The inhibitory effects of the extract and crude saponin of red and white ginsengs on lipoperoxide formation in vitro and in vivo were studied and correlated with anti-aging. To this end, antioxidant activity, induction period and lipoperoxide were measured by the methods of EDA, POV and TBA value. And also superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity were measured by pyrogallol autoxidation method (${\Delta}A$ 420/min) and initial velocity(${\Delta}A$ 436/min), respectively. From HPLC analysis, the PT/PD ratio of red and white ginsengs was found to be 0.561% and 0.401%, respectively, and red ginseng increased the PT/PD ratio in comparison with white ginseng. The EDA activity of red ginseng was higher than that of white ginseng; red ginseng showed stronger antioxidative effect than white ginseng. The inhibitory effect of red ginseng was lower than that of white ginseng during the induction period. It was proved that high molecular coloring substance was deeply related to the initial stage of lipoperoxidation. There was no significant difference between red and white ginsengs in both in vitro and intraperitoneal administration experiments, and red ginseng was more effective than white ginseng in longterm administration. And also inhibitory effect on lipoperoxide formation was mainly occurred in liver, suggesting that the function of liver played an important role in anti-aging actions. From the measurement of superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity for both ginseng groups intraperitoneally and orally administered, it was found that red ginseng group administered extract and crude saponin showed remarkable inhibitory effects in comparison with white ginseng. In particular, orally administered group showed more stronger inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in comparison with intraperitoneally administered group. It was also found that the continuous oral administration was more effective than temporary administration. Red ginseng was more notable anti-aging effect in comparison with white ginseng in vivo, and this may be due to the increase of SOD activity in rat-liver. Peroxidase activity also showed similar trend to SOD activity in vitro and in vivo experiments. Red ginseng was not only superior to white ginseng for preservation but also for biochemical and pharmaceutical efficacy.