• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권7A호
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• pp.738-745
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 비선형 특성을 갖는 고출력 증폭기(high power amplifier : HPA) 및 I/Q 진폭/위상 불균형과 위상 오류를 갖는 비이상적인 수신기가 고려된 APSK 뿐만 아니라 임의의 2차원 신호를 갖는 변조방식에 대한 오류 확률 표현을 유도하고, 그 표현의 수치적 결과로부터 비선형 특성 및 비 이상적인 특성이 오류 확률에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. HPA의 모델로는 가장 많이 사용되는 Saleh 모델을 적용하며, 한 신호점에서의 오류 확률 분석을 2차원 결합 가우시안 Q함수(2-dimensional joint Gaussian Q-function)의 표현으로 간편히 할 수 있는 방법을 통하여 정확한 오류 확률의 유도 및 분석을 수행한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 Multi-code CDMA(code division multiple access) 시스템에서 발생하는 높은 PAPR(Peak to average power ratio)을 저감하고, 신호가 HPA에서 비선형 왜곡을 감소시키기 위한 방법으로, SLM(Selected Mapping) 및 PTS(Partial Transmit Sequence) 기법과 함께 전치왜곡 기법의 혼합 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서 SLM 및 PTS 방법을 위해 사용된 위상 회전 정보는 별도의 채널을 통해 전송되고, 이러한 위상 회전 정보의 채널 통과에 따른 에러율은 시스템의 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 위상 회전 정보의 에러율을 고려한 이론적인 BER 수식을 제시하며, 이는 시뮬레이션을 통해 나타난 시스템의 BER 성능과 거의 같게 나타난다. 결국 PTS 및 SLM 방법을 전치왜곡기와 병행한 제안된 혼합 기법은 신호의 PAPR을 줄이고, HPA의 비선형 특성을 보상함으로써 시스템의 BER 성능을 향상시킨다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture(HPA) combined with Acupuncture compared with Acupuncture therapy. Methods : Data was collected from October 1st 2004 to February 28th 2005. A total of 8 women participated in this study. Of all subjects, 4 and 4 subjects were assigned to the experimental and the control group respectively. Subjects were treated three times a week. We used Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for evaluating the effects of HPA. Results : There showed statistically boardline significance between the experimental group and control group(p=0.057). Conclusion : The results showed HPA has significant effects on menstrual cramps.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture(HPA) on dysmenorrhea. Methods : Volunteers of fourteen subjects who used to feel pains in menstrual period were employed to answer the questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture(HPA) treatment group(Sample Group) and Normal Saline(N/S) treatment group(Control Group). HPA and N/S were injected on the Cheonchu(ST25), Gwanwon(CV4), Joksamni(ST36) and Hyeolhae(SP10) acupuncture points. Subjects were treated depending on menstrual period, two times a weeks, in total four times after ovulation cycle. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(D.I.T.I.) was taken and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) was examined before and after each treatment. Results : The VAS score of Sample Group were decreased significantly compared to that of Control Group.(p<0.05) The changes of difference of abdominal mean temperature of Control Group and Sample Group were significancy. HPA therapy reduced difference of right and left abdomial thermal temperature more than N/S therapy in dysmenorrheic patients. Conclusion : The Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture therapy may be good effects on the Dysmenorrhea.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.693-695
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 TVWS(TV white space)용 전력증폭기의 설계 및 구현에 대해서 기술한다. TVWS용 전력증폭기는 기존의 방송시스템에 미치는 영향을 최소화하기 위해서 방사전력 및 스펙트럼 마스크를 엄격하게 제한해야 한다. 구현한 전력증폭기는 470 ~ 698MHz 대역에서 동작하며, 이득특성은 최대 48.63dB, 최저 43.45dB로 측정되었고, -21.32dB 이하의 입력반사계수, -4.29dB 이하의 출력반사계수를 갖는다. 출력전력과 선형성은 28.79dBm 출력시 -45.24dBc의 선형성을 갖는다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2006

Background: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is an important regulator for the body's stress response. As a primary stress responsive system, HPA-axis secretes various neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines, which regulates the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cell which is plays an important role in the innate immune response, is specially decreased their numbers and loose cytolytic activity in response to stress. However, the effect of HPA-axis secreted proteins on NK cell activity has not been defined. Herein, we studied the effect of adrenal secreted adiponectin on NK cell cytotoxicity. Adiponectin which is well-known metabolic control protein, plays important roles in various diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Methods: Signal sequence trap was used to find stress novel secretory protein from HP A-axis. Selected adiponectin was treated mouse mature primary NK cells and then examined the effect of adiponectin to NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine expression level. Results: We found that adiponectin which is secreted from adrenal gland, suppress IL-2 induced NK cell cytotoxicity. And also investigated cytolytic cytokines are suppressed by adiponectin. Conclusion: These data suggest that adiponectin inhibites NK cell cytotoxicity via suppression of cytotoxicity related target gene.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2013

Human Powered Aircraft (HPA) should be light in weight and have high efficiency because power source of propulsion is human muscles. Airframe structure takes up most of empty weight of aircraft, so weight reduction of structure is very important issue for HPA. In this paper, design/analysis/test procedures for ultra light weight structure of the HPA developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) are explained briefly. Structural design is conducted through case studies on HPA in the USA and Japan. Loads analysis is performed to calculate design loads which is needed for structural design and analysis. Structural analysis is conducted for structure sizing. Static strength test of main wing spar which is primary structure of wing is performed to verify structural integrity.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2008

Proton conducting composite membranes were prepared by solution blending of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-graft-poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) (P(VDF-CTFE)-g-PSPMA) graft copolymer and heteropolyacid (HPA). The P(VDF-CTFE)-g-PSPMA graft copolymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of P(VDF-CTFE). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that HPA nanoparticles were incorporated into the graft copolymer via hydrogen bonding interactions. The water uptake of membranes continuously decreased with increasing HP A concentration up to 45wt%, after which it slightly increased. It is presumably due to the decrease in number of water absorption sites due to hydrogen bonding interaction between the HP A particles and the polymer matrix. The proton conductivity of membranes increased with increasing HPA concentration up to 45wt%, resulting from both the intrinsic conductivity of HP A particles and the enhanced acidity of the sulfonic acid of the graft copolymer.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.669-678
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 QAM 신호를 전송하는 디지털 통신 시스템에서 고출력 증폭기(HPA)의 비선형성을 보상하기 위한 메모리 있는 데이터 사전왜곡 방법을 제안한다. 메모리 없는 HPA의 비선형성을 줄이기 위해 구현된 종래의 데이터 사전왜곡 방법에 비해, 본 논문에서 제안된 방법은 신호 성상도의 비선형 왜곡(warping)을 줄여 줄 뿐만 아니라 메모리 있는 전송 펄스 형성 필터로 인해 일어나는 심볼의 군집(cluster)을 원래의 심볼로 보상한다. 본 논문에서는 사전왜곡단의 메모리 크기를 줄이기 위해 QAM 신호 성상도의 대칭성을 고려하여 modulo-4 연산을 이용한다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Lycii Radicis Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamine system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test was performed. The expression of CRF, c-Fos in the PVN, and TH in the VTA and LC were measured with immunohistochemical method. And the experimental groups were divided into the Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was decreased significantly in three groups except B100(P<0.01). B100 was shown the significant increase(P<0.05). The expression of CRF in PVN was decreased significantly in all group(P<0.05~P<0.01). The expression of c-Fos in PVN was decreased in A100, A400 and was increased significantly in B100, B400(P<0.05). The expression of TH in VTA and LC were decreased significantly in all group(P<0.001). Conclusions : Effects of Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B) on the HPA-Axis system and Catecholamine system were validated.