• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.20-21
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• 2008

Ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene ($VF_2$-TrFE) copolymer films were directly deposited on degenerated Si ($n^+$, 0.002 $\Omega{\cdot}cm$) using by dip coating method. A 1 ~ 3 wt% diluted solution of purified vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene ($VF_2$:TrFE=70:30) in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent were prepared and deposited on silicon wafers using dip coating method for 10 seconds. After Post-Annealing in a vacuum ambient at 100~200 $^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, upper aluminum electrodes were deposited by thermal evaporation through the shadow mask to complete the MFS structure. The ferroelectric $\beta$-phase peak of films, depending on the annealing temperature, started to show up around $125^{\circ}C$, and the intensity of the peak increased with increasing annealing temperature. Above $175^{\circ}C$, the peak started to decrease. The C-V characteristics were measured using a Precision LCR meter (HP 4284A) with frequency of 1MHz and a signal amplitude of 20 mV. The leakage-current versus electric-field characteristics was measured by mean of a pA meter/DC voltage source (HP 4140B).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.52-59
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• 1989

The reliability of the thin thermal oxide was investigated by using constant current stress method. Polysilicon gate MOS capacitors with oxide thickness range of 20-25nm were used in this experiment. Automatic measurement and statistical data analysis which were essential in reliability evaluation of VLSI process preformed by HP 9000 computer. Based on TDDB results, defect density, breakdown charge (Qbd) and lifetime of oxide film were evaluated. According to the polarity of the stress, some different characteristics were shown. Defect density was 62/$cm^2$ at negative gate injection. The value of Qbd was about 30C/$cm^2$ at positive gate injection, and about 21C/$cm^2$ at negative. The current density acceleration factor was 1.43$cm^2$/A for negative gate injection, and 1.25$cm^2$/A for positive gate injection.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the dietary regulation of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.29) in cats, acitivity and protein content of CSAD were assessed in the liver and kidney of cats fed different levels of dietary protein, with and without taurine. Four groups of cats were fed one of the follow diets for 5 weeks ; 20% protein and taurine- free diet(LP0T) ; 20% protein and 0.15% taurine diet(LPNT) ; 60% protein and taurine-free diet(HP0T); and 60% protein and 0.15% taurine diet (HPNT). CSAD activity was determined in the liver and kidney of cats by measuring 14C2 released form [1-14C]-L cysteine sulfinic acid. CSAD protein was quantified using an immunochemical method. CSAD activity was extremely low in cat tissues, among which kidney showed the highest activity which was 0.118$\pm$0.050, and 0.377$\pm$0.056 nmol.min-1.mg soluble portein-1 iin animals fed LP0T and HP0T, respectively. Even though renal CSAD protein content was 18~55% of the hepatic CSAD protein content, renal CSAD acitivity was 1.3~6.5 times of the hepatic CSAD activity . Renal CSAD acitivities of cats fed 60% protein were about 1.6~3.2 times those of animals fed 2.% protein , and hepatic CSAD activity was not significantly affected by the dietary level of protein. Taurine depletion significantly elevated both hepatic and renal CSAD activities above the values for cats having normal taurine status most probably as an adaptive response.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was done to observe the physical reactions after herbal acupuncture operating, through the questionnaire. Methods : The study group was divided into six groups that were NS group(N=20), CF group(N=22), BU group(N=23), BUM(N=19), HP group(N=20) and BV group(N=19). The herbal acupuncture was injected by 0.05ml at the Fengmen(風門:B12), Feishu(肺兪:B13), Fufen(附分:B41), Pohu(魄戶:B42) 4 points. Therefore suffers recorded the existence of the symptoms on questionnaire paper which we exemplified the above symptoms on that day, in the first day, in the second day and in the seventh day. Results : The following results were obtained ; 1. General symptoms which appear in the herbal acupuncture operating were following as : pain of body partially, discomfort, pain which appear in activity and fatigue. 2. The symptoms which appear in the herbal acupuncture operating were most extreme in the first day, since then those were reduced. Conclusions : By the above results, it would be needed further research about statistically comparative-study among herbal acupunctures and alternative plans which is decreased side effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

Natamycin, produced by Streptomyces natalensis ATCC27448, is a polyene macrolide antibiotic, is widely used in the food industry in order to prevent mould contamination. This study carried out to develop an efficient purification process of natamycin from fermentation broth. The stability of natamycin in fermentation broth during storage period was investigated at 4$^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. After the storage of fermentation broth for 14 days at 4$^{\circ}C$, residual activity of natamycin was about 80% but decreased by 27% at room temperature. As solvent to extract natamycin from fermentation broth, methanol was the most efficient. A developed purification procedure includes methanol extraction and Diaion HP-20 column chromatography. Approximately 2.9 g of natamycin was obtained with a final yield of 69.1% and purity of 96.6% from 1.8 l of fermentation broth by this developed purification procedure.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

For the analytical method of PCDD/Fs in blood, which have been issued recently, SRM 1589a of NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) was used and a practical analytical method of PCDD/Fs in blood was presented through comparison of methods of Canada and Japan. The proposed method used alkali-digestion extraction for removal of the lipid effectively using two capillary columns. The limit of quantification of TeCDD/DF and PeCDD/DF was 1 pg/g-lipid, HxCDD/DF and HpCDD/DF was 2 pg/g-lipid, OCDD/DF was 4 pg/g-lipid. With consideration the range of detected concentration, calibration standards were presented as $CS_L$(0.1~1), $CS_1/2$(0.25~2.5), $CS_1$(0.5~5.0), $CS_2$(2~20), $CS_3$(10~100).

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2011

The optimum condition for the extraction and purification processes of phytic acid from defatted rice bran was examined. The phytic acid was efficiently extracted when the defatted rice bran was treated with 10 volumes of 0.5% HCl for 1 hr. For the neutralization of acid-treated extract, 0.5% NaOH was the most acceptable. To purify phytic acid, Diaion HP20 resin was used to remove impurities from the extract. The flow-through was then loaded onto ion exchange columns packed with various resins and among them, Amberlite IRA-416 resin showed highest recovery yield. When the phytic acid was absorbed onto Amberlite IRA-416 resin and then eluted with 0.5% NaOH, 89% of applied phytic acid was eluted. Most proteins were removed from the purified phytic acid and total protein content of the phytic acid was 0.14%(w/w).

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

Pravastatin sodium, competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase, is produced from the culture broth of Streptomyces carbophilus KCCM 10370, The production of Pravastatin sodium was increased about 45 fold compared to wild type by UV mutation. Production of Pravastatin was also improved by continuous feeding of Compactin sodium to 24% and bioconversion ratio was also increased to 4.3% by intermittent addition. In main culture, concentration of Compactin sodium was kept less than 0.1%(w/v) under continuous feeding of Compactin sodium then product was 0.49% and bioconversion was 70%. After finishing the fermentation, Pravastatin was purified by various chromatographies such as Diaion HP20 resin column, Partition, and ODS(Octa-Decylsilyl Silicagel) resin column with a final yield of 70~72% and over 99.7% purity. The IR, UV, and NMR study of the purified Pravastatin sodium showed the same pattern as that of EP(European Pharmacopoeia).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to estimate the NE values of corn, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wheat bran (WB) for laying hens based on an indirect calorimetry method and nitrogen balance measurements. A total of 576 twenty-eight-wk-old Dwarf Pink-shell laying hens were randomly assigned to four groups fed a basal diet (BD) or a combination of BD with 50% corn or 20% DDGS or 20% WB, with four replicates each. After a 7-d adaptation period, each replicate with 36 hens were kept in one of the two respiration chambers to measure the heat production (HP) for 6 days during the feeding period and subsequent 3-d fasting. The equilibrium fasting HP (FHP) provided an estimate of NE requirements for maintenance (NEm). The NE values of test feedstuffs was estimated using the difference method. Results showed that the heat increment that contributed 35.34 to 37.85% of ME intake was not influenced by experimental diets (p>0.05) when expressed as Mcal/kg of DM feed intake. Lighting increased the HP in hens in an fed-state. The FHP decreased over time (p<0.05) with the lowest value determined on the third day of starvation. No significant difference between treatments was found on FHP of d 3 (p>0.05). The estimated AME, AMEn, and NE values were 3.46, 3.44 and 2.25 Mcal/kg DM for corn, 3.11, 2.79, and 1.80 Mcal/kg DM for DDGS, 2.14, 2.10, and 1.14 Mcal/kg DM for WB, respectively. The net availability of AME of corn tended to be numerically higher than DDGS and WB (p = 0.096). In conclusion, compared with corn, the energy values of DDGS and WB were overestimated when expressed on an AME basis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

The Formation of acrylamide was studied in Maillard model reaction systems based on asparagine-glucose. The mixture of asparagine and glucose in equal molar ratio, and then heated at 125, 150, 175 and $200^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20 and 30 minute, respectively. The reaction products were extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol, and then isolated and detected on FFAP capillary column and HP-5MS 5% phenyl methyl siloxane column by using GC/MS. Acrylamide was detected only from methanol extracts and on FFAP capillary column, at retention time 23.53 min., and the detection limit was 4.6 ng. Acrylamide content mainly increased with increasing temperature and processing time till $175^{\circ}C$, therefore, maximal acrylamide formation occurred at $175^{\circ}C$ for 10 minute ($116{\mu}g/g$), while, above $175^{\circ}C$, higher temperatures or prolonged processing times caused a decrease of acrylamide levels, finally disappeared at $200^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute. Three major compounds were identified as 1,3-dihydroxypropanone, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyrane-4-one and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and three minor compounds also as 5-methylfurfural, 2-acetylpyrrole and N,N-dimethylcyclohexamine, from ethyl acetate or methanol extracts on FFAP or HP-5MS capillary column.