• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2000

흰쥐에세 1% 콜레스테롤과 0.25% 콜산나트륨을 첨가한 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발식이와 민들레추출물을 분획별(열수추출물군, 에틸아세테이트추출물 군, 에테르추출물군)로 나누어 급여하여 민들레추출물이 고콜레스테롤혈증에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 테중증가량과 식이섭취량은 대조군에 비하여 열수추출물군에서 유의적으로 증 가되었으며 식이효율의 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 혈청과 간조직 \ulcornerㅇ의 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤과 콜레스테릴에스테르 농도는 대조군에 비하여 민들레추출물 급여시 유의적으 로 감소되었으며, 특히 에틸라세테이트추출물군의 간조직 중의 중성지질, 유리콜레스테롤 및 총콜레스테롤의 감소효과가 현저한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 혈청 인지질 농도는 민들레추출 물 급여시 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으며 간조직에서는 유의적이지는 않으나 증가되는 경향 이었다. 혈청 중 킬로미크론, VLDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 민들레추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감 소되었는데 열수추출물과 에틸아세테이트추출물군의 감소정도가 큰 것으로 관찰되었다. 반 면, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 열수추출물과 에틸아세테이트추출물 급여시 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 동맥경화지수는 민들레추출물군 모두 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직 중의 HMG-CoA reductase 활성은 대조군에 비하여 민들레 열수추출물군에서 유의적으로 감소되 었으며, ACAT 활성은 민들레추출물 급여군 모두 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 본 실험결 과 민들레추출물 특히, 열수추출물과 에틸아세테이트추출물 급여는 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급 여한 흰쥐의 간조직 중 ACAT 활성을 감소시키므로써 혈청과 간조직의 총콜레스테롤과 유 리콜레스테롤 축적을 억제하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2013

Purpose: Atorvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is widely prescribed in hyperlipidemic patients and telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker is frequently used in the treatment of hypertension. Both drugs are substrates of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) expressed in basolateral membrane in the liver, and undergo high first pass metabolism. Therefore, OATP-mediated hepatic uptake is important for disposition and metabolism of these drugs. The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interactions between atorvastatin and telmisartan in rats. Method: Young adult SD rats were divided into three groups (n=6, each) and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) and telmisartan (4 mg/kg) were orally given alone and together. Heparinized blood was serially taken and plasma concentrations of both drugs were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of two drugs were calculated. Results: No significant pharmacokinetic change was found except a delay of time to peak of telmisartan when administered with atorvastatin. Each drug at the present dosage seemed to be insufficient to alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of its counterpart drug. Conclusion: Conclusively, co-administration of atorvastatin and telmisartan may lead to negligible clinical consequences.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2007

Tocotrienols (T3) are minor plant constituents found abundantly in rice bran, which provide a significant source of vitamin E in animal feeds. T3 was reported to have an intrinsic hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting HMG-Co A reductase. It has similar antioxidative properties as tocopherols in food and biological system due to their similar chemical structures. However, the antioxidant activity and mechanism of T3 to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid are less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the scavenging effect of T3 on free radicals and its inhibition of peroxide formation. Free radical scavenging activity was monitored by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method whereas inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation was evaluated using the thiocyanate method. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was used to determine malonaldehyde formation from linoleic acid peroxidation. Free radical scavenging activity increased with increasing concentration levels of T3. T3 exhibited 38.2, 78.6, 92.7 and 96.2% radical scavenging activity at concentrations of 2, 8, 32 and 128 ppm, respectively. At 128 ppm, it was highly effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. The activity of T3 evaluated by the thiocyanate method showed low absorbance values indicating a high level of antioxidant activity. All treatments showed similar trends in antioxidant activity when evaluated by both the thiocyanate method and TBA test.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2010

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ ($CoQ_{10}$, or ubiquinone) is an electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (electron transport chain) with antioxidant properties. In view of the involvement of $CoQ_{10}$ in oxidative phosphorylation and cellular antioxidant protection a deficiency in this quinone would be expected to contribute to disease pathophysiology by causing a failure in energy metabolism and antioxidant status. Indeed, a deficit in $CoQ_{10}$ status has been determined in a number of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Primary disorders of $CoQ_{10}$ biosynthesis are potentially treatable conditions and therefore a high degree of clinical awareness about this condition is essential. A secondary loss of $CoQ_{10}$ status following HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statins) treatment has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the myotoxicity associated with this pharmacotherapy. $CoQ_{10}$ and its analogue, idebenone, have been widely used in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders. These compounds could potentially play a role in the treatment of mitochondrial disorders, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich's ataxia, and other conditions which have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the physiological roles of $CoQ_{10}$, as well as the rationale and the role in clinical practice of $CoQ_{10}$ supplementation in different neurological diseases, from primary $CoQ_{10}$ deficiency to neurodegenerative disorders. These will help in future for treatment of patients suffering from neurodegenerative disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic Effects of Taeyeumjowee-tang and its modified prescription on the animal model of obesity and hyperlipidemia induced high-fat diet. Method : 1) The extracts of Taeyeumjowee-tang (TJT) and its modified prescription, Taeyeumjoweetang gagam-bang (TJGB) were evaluated for its inhibitory effects on obesity. 2) The body weight and feed weight were determined in the pre-treated and post-treated mice and the lipid profiles in the serum were analyzed in order to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemia action of the extracts. 3) The effect of each extract was investigated for the influences on monoamine oxidase activity and HMG-CoA reductase activity. Results 1. TJT and TJGB extracts dose-dependently reduced the body weight and feed intake in normal mice. The effect of TJGB extract was better than that of TJT extract. 2. TJGB extract diminished the body weight increase and reduced the feed intake in the pre-treatment or post-treatment of the extract 3. TJGB extract decreased the amount of total cholesterol slightly and triglyceride potently after the pre-treatment or post-treatment, but HDL cholesterol exhibited no remarkable change compared with control. 4. TJGB extract weakly potentiated the monoamine oxidase activity, but its effect was better than that of TJT extract. 5. TJGB extract weakly inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase activity, but its effect was better than that of TJT extract. Conclusion : Taeyeumjowee-tang and its modified prescription can clinically be useful as anti-obesity drug and also for the improvement of hyperlipidemia.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.975-979
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• 2003

깻잎 중의 각종 성인병 관련 생리기능성을 탐색하여 고부가가치의 건강식품을 개발하고자 먼저 깻잎의 주산지중의 한곳인 금산에서 1월, 5월 온실재배한 깻잎들과 8월 노지재배한 깻잎의 추출물 수율을 조사하였다. 8월 노지에서 재배한 깻잎의 에탄올 추출물 수율이 29%로 제일 높았고, 1월과 5월 온실재배 깻잎보다는 8월 노지재배 깻잎의 추출물 수율이 더 높았다. 물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에 대한 생리기능으로 혈전용해활성은 5월 온실재배 깻잎의 에탄올 추출물이 8.2U로 제일 높았고 고지혈증 예방에 관련된 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성은 8월 노지재배의 물 추출물에서 83%의 높은 활성을 보였다. 항고혈압활성을 나타내는 안지오텐신 전환효소(ACE) 저해활성은 1월 온실재배 깻잎의 물 추출물에서 64.5%의 높은 활성을 보였다. 항산화활성은 물 추출물 보다는 대체로 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 높았고, 특히 8월 노지재배 깻잎의 에탄올 추출물에서 69%를 보였다. Elastase 저해활성은 5월 온실재배 깻잎의 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 47.5%의 활성을 보였고 혈전용해활성과 아질산염 제거활성, SOD-유사활성과 tyrosinase 저해활성 등은 모든 깻잎 추출물에서 없거나 매우 미약하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-109
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• 2009

Objective & Methods : The present study was to investigate the effect of Moutan Cortex Radicis Herbal-acupuncture (MCR-HA) at GB34 (Yangleungchean) on hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis induced by high fat diet in rats. Results : 1. Moutan Cortex Radicis herbal-acupuncture infusion solution (MCR-HAS) increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition rate in rat liver cells. 2. MCR-HA at GB34 decreased serum total cholesterol level, and increased serum phospholipid/total cholesterol in rats with high fat diet. 3. MCR-HA at GB34 decreased atherogenic index in rats with high fat diet. 4. MCR-HA at GB34 increased hepatic catalase activity in rats with high fat diet. Conclusion : These results suggested that Moutan Cortex Radicis herbal-acupuncture at GB34 has therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia and related complications in rats with high fat diet.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2002

A 4.8-kb DNA fragment encoding the P-450 type hydroxylase and ferredoxin genes was cloned from Pseudonocardia autotrophica IFO 12743 that can convert vitamin D$\_$3/ into its hydroxylated active forms. In order to isolate the P-450 gene cluster in this organism, we designed PCR primers on the basis of the regions of an oxygen binding site and a heme ligand pocket that are general characteristics of the P-450 hydroxylase. Sequencing analysis of the BamHI fragment revealed the presence of four complete and one incomplete ORFs, named PauA, PauB, PauC, and PauD, respectively. As a result of computer-based analyses, PauA and PauB have homology with enoyl-CoA hydratase from several organisms and the positive regulators belonging to the tetR family, respectively. PauC and PauD show similarity with SuaB/C proteins and ferredoxins, respectively, which are composed of P-450 monooxygenase systems for metabolizing two sulfonylurea herbicides in Streptomyces griseolus PauC shows the highest similarity with another CytP-450$\_$Sca2/ protein that is responsible for production of a specific HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, pravastatin, in S. carbophilus. Cultures of Steptomyces lividans transformant, containing the P-450 gene cluster on the pWHM3 plasmid, was unable to convert vitamin D$\_$3/ to its hydroxylated forms.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.432-442
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• 2008

Objective : Ssanggang-tang(SGT) is noted as an effective method to treat hyperlipidemia in China. The main purpose of this study was analysis of the effects of Ssanggang-tang(SGT) on rats induced with caused hyperlipidemia. Methods : We observed 3 experimental groups: normal, control, and SGT. Rats were provided a normal diet in the normal group, and the other groups were provided a hyperlipidemic diet to induce hyperlipidemia. After 2 weeks, SGT was treated in the SGT group. For 6 weeks, values related to hyperlipidemia were observed in the 3 experimental groups. Results : SGT decreased some values related to hyperlipidemia like total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL cholesterol), triglyceride, acetocoenzyme A acetyltransferase(ACAT), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMG-CoA reductase). However, it showed no effect on weight change or high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL cholesterol). Conclusion : These results suggest that SGT might be effective in treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.766-775
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of high molecular weight polygamma- glutamic acid (hm ${\gamma}$-PGA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism of rats in the presence of an obesity-inducing diet. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a normal-fat (11.4% kcal fat, NFC) or high-fat (51% kcal fat, HFC) diet. After 5 weeks, half of each diet-fed group was treated with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (NFP or HFP) for 4 weeks. The HFC group had significantly higher body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and leptin, and lower serum HDL cholesterol level compared with those of the NFC group (p < 0.05). Treatment with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA decreased body weight gain and perirenal fat mass (p<0.05), fasting serum total cholesterol, and mRNA expression of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), regardless of dietary fat contents (p < 0.01). However, hm ${\gamma}$-PGA increased serum HDL cholesterol in the HFC group (p < 0.05). In vitro, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMGCoA) reductase activity was suppressed by the addition of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA. In agreement with observations in animal study, the supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (150 mg/day) to 20 female subjects in an 8-week double-blind, placebocontrolled study resulted in a tendency to decrease total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations. We thus conclude that dietary supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA may act as a hypocholestrolemic agent, secondary to its inhibitor effect on HMG-CoA reductase, and decrease abdominal adiposity by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis. The present study is an important first step in establishing the effect of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA on cholesterol levels in rats and humans.