• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 1990

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of processing and method of ensiling on the digestion and utilization of high moisture barley (HMB) in cattle. In experiment 1, four Holstein heifers were assigned in a Latin square design to diets containing 70% barley, 25% alfalfa hay and 5% supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets differed only in the type of barley fed: rolled dry barley (R-DB), rolled HBM (R-HMB), ground HMB (G-HMB) or unprocessed HMB (U-HMB). In experiment 2, three Holstein steers were fed 85.2% barley, 10.2% whole plant barley silage and 4.6% supplement on a DM basis. Again, diets differed only in the type of barley fed: R-DB, rolled HMB from a pit silo (Pit-HMB) or rolled HMB from a Harvestore silo (HAV-HMB). In experiment 1, digestibility coefficients for animals fed R-HMB were significantly higher than observed for U-HMB. While not significant, a similar trend for decreased digestibility was observed for R-DB and G-HMB. Animals fed HMB had significantly lower ruminal propionate concentrations. In addition, the rate of degradation of the degradable DM and crude protein (CP) fractions was slower for HMB than for dry barley. In experiment 2, a trend to lower digestibility coefficients was observed for animal fed R-DB compared to those fed Pit-HMB or HAV-HMB. Ruminal propionate concentrations for animals fed R-DB also tended to be higher than for those fed the HMB diets. Dry matter and CP disappearances from nylon bags was substantially lower for Pit-HMB than for R-DB or HAV-HMB. The results suggest that replacement of dry barley by rolled or unprocessed HMB in the diet of animals fed high grain diets may contribute to a more stable rumen environment.

• Perinatology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2017

Objective: We evaluated the Korean mothers' level of awareness of human milk bank (HMB) in order to find out the issues in establishing HMB in Korea. These mothers had infants younger than 18 months old to find out the issues that would help establishment of HMB in Korea. Methods: The survey questionnaire was developed by a team composed by nurses, neonatologists, obstetricians, nutritionists, health care specialists and faculty members. The internet survey was performed by sending emails to mothers who are registered to M family members and have children younger than 18 months. In total, 864 questionnaire were gathered from 114,469 answers and the results were analyzed. Results: Fifty two point eight percent of the respondents had awareness of HMB. 79.4% of subjects agreed with the necessity of HMB. On the basis of multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the numbers of children, awareness of HMB, the concern on the HMB in Korea, and the expected problems in establishing HMB in Korea were significant factors when evaluating the necessity of HMB in Korea. The common factors associated with positive thinking of potential users, donors and recipients were the awareness of HMB, and the experience of feeding own breast milk to other's babies. Conclusion: More than half of Korean women were found to agree with the necessity of HMB in Korea, even though they had concern on infection controls and management of HMB and the purpose and function of HMB was not widely educated. The establishment of HMB in Korea would be effective with public education and considering their demands.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1285-1292
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• 2014

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas production (GP), microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01) for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02) and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01) by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01). Populations of protozoa ($p{\leq}0.03$) and fungi ($p{\leq}0.02$) of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01) increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01) and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus ($p{\leq}0.03$). Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02) and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03) were increased by adding AOC. The HMB${\times}$AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P) and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.

• Perinatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Objective: Human milk bank is known as best alternative option for sick infants. However, only two human milk banks (HMBs) are working in Korea. In the present study, we evaluated the awareness on the HMB in female health care provider to find out the issues that would help facilitating HMB establishment in Korea. Methods: The survey questionnaire was developed by a team composed with neonatologists, obstetricians, nurses, nutritionists, and health care specialists. The survey was performed for female health care workers in Soon Chun Hyang Cheonan Hospital between March and June in 2016. Eighty-eight of 110 questionnaires were collected and the results were analyzed. Results: Most of subjects were found to have correct knowledge on the breast milk feeding. However, only 49% of subjects had awareness of the presence of HMB. Unfortunately, less than half of them could get information about HMB by official way including mass media. In addition, 76% of subjects were found not to want to use HMB. Most important reason was found as a concern on the safety of donor milk including life style of donors, infection controls, and possible nutritional loss of banked milk. Conclusion: The purpose and function of HMB was not widely educated and it seems to be one of most important reasons why women have negative concept about HMB in Korea. Thus, further study is warranted with more numbers of subjects after active public education about the HMB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37A no.12
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• pp.1133-1139
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• 2012

In this paper, hybrid mode beamforming (HMB) which allows simultaneous transmission of joint beamforming and disjoint beamforming is proposed. HMB is proven to be asymptotically optimal beamforming for sum rate growth. Extensive simulations show that HMB achieves nearly the same performance as joint encoding (JE) in symmetric interference channel. It is also shown that it outperforms JE in a more realistic asymmetric interference channel environment, though it still experiences some performance degradation due to power inefficiency of joint beamforming in asymmetric channel.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.159-166
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• 2019

Unlike modern Solid-State Drives with DRAM, DRAM-less SSDs do not have DRAM because they are cheap and consume less power. Obviously, they have performance degradation problem due to lack of DRAM in the controller and this problem can be alleviated by utilizing host memory buffer(HMB) feature of NVMe, which allows SSDs to utilize the DRAM of host. In this paper, we show that commercial DRAM-less SSDs surely exhibit lower I/O performance than other SSDs with DRAM, but they can be improved by utilizing the HMB feature. Through various experiments and analysis, we also show that DRAM-less SSDs mainly exploit the DRAM of host as mapping table cache rather than read cache or write buffer to improve I/O performance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to verify the stability of nutrient composition by using herbal medicine by-products as an alternative food source and to examine the growth effect on Protaeria brevitarsis seulensis larvae. As a result of comparing the nutritional components of food source, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content, except crude fiber content, was high in both non-fermented and fermented medicinal herbal by-products. Especially, crude protein content was highest. Cadmium, lead, mercury, and other heavy metals were not detected and thus stability as alternative food was confirmed. The growth comparison based on the feeding sources showed no significant difference between the fermented oak sawdust fed control group and the herbal medicine by-products fed laboratory group from week 1 to week 3. The weight of a 4 week larva was 0.137 g in the control group and 0.671 g in the laboratory group and so began to reveal differences at a significant level (p<0.05). As a result of comparing weights of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae according to the level of herbal medicine by-product addition, HMB40 recorded the heaviest weight in week 7. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in each body weights of HMB40 and HMB80 at week 5 (p<0.05). These results indicate that if the shipping date of an edible insect is a third instar larva, it arrives at the time of shipment at week 5. Thus feeding HMB40 and HMB80 at the 5th week is the most effective.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.150-152
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• 2009

혈관근육지방종은 지방, 평활근, 두꺼운 벽의 혈관이 다양한 비율로 구성된 흔하지 않은 과오종이며, 이는 결정 경화증을 동반하거나 산발적으로 발생한다. 저자들은 혈관근육지방종이 드물게 발생하는 두경부에서 발생한 귓바퀴 1예, 구개점막 2예의 혈관근육지방종을 보고하고자 한다. 병리소견상, 3예 모두에서 성숙지방조직, 불규칙한 혈관, 그리고 HMB-45와 Melan-A에 음성을 보이는 평활근육세포로 이루어진 조직소견을 보였으며, 여러군데에서 림프구 침윤이 3예 모두에서 관찰되었다. 점막피부 혈관근육지방종으로 진단하였다. 세증례 모두 결절경화증은 동반되지 않았다. 점막피부 혈관근육지방종에서는 혈관주변세포가 HMB-45와 Melan-A에서 음성을 보였으며, 이는 간이나 신장의 혈관근육지방종에서의 특징적인 양성반응과는 다른 점이었다. 간이나 신장에서 생긴 혈관근육지방종과 다른 임상병리적 특징을 비교 기술하고자 두경부에서 발생한 점막피부 혈관근육지방종 3예를 보고한다.

• Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.363-368
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• 2018

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of melanocytes causes white spots on the affected skin. Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of intracellular, non-receptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. The aim of the present study is to explore the possible role of JAK1 in the pathogenesis of vitiligo using immunohistochemical methods. Methods: The current study was conducted in a sample of 39 patients who presented with vitiligo and 22 healthy individuals who were age and sex matched as a control group. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate JAK1 status (intensity and distribution) and assess the percentage of residual melanocytes using human melanoma black 45 (HMB45). Results: Intense and diffuse JAK1 expression was significantly more likely to indicate vitiliginous skin compared to normal skin (p<.001). Strong and diffuse JAK1 expression was associated with short disease duration, female sex, and lower percentage of melanocytes (detected by HMB45) (p<.05). Conclusions: JAK1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, as indicated by intense and diffuse expression compared to control and association with lower percentage of melanocytes detected by HMB45 immunostaining.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.3 s.25
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

In this study, accelerated pavement tester(APT) was performed on long-life asphalt pavements that can save maintenance and user costs by increasing the design life twice longer than conventional asphalt pavements. Basic material testings are first conducted on a high modulus base(HMB) mixture developed in this study. Four different pavement sections including thin and thick conventional and thin and thick HMB courses are constructed to compare the load-carrying capacities and to investigate the fatigue and rutting performances using an accelerated pavement tester. Tensile strain values at the bottom of base courses under the various loading levels are measured. The tensile strain values of the HMB sections are lower than those of the conventional sections. It is observed from the APT performed on the thin pavement sections that no significant cracks are developed up to the 180,000 cycles of a wheel load. In terms of rutting, only 3mm of rutting is developed in the thick HMB section while 5.3mm of rutting is developed in the thick conventional section at the 90,000 cycles of the wheel load. The HMB material developed in this study can be successfully used in the long-life asphalt pavements because of its excellent fatigue and rutting performances. It is estimated from a series of structural analysis that the use of the HMB material instead of the conventional base materials may reduce the asphalt thickness at least 5cm because of its better load-carrying capacity.