• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1289-1293
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• 2015

Background: Anal intraepithelial lesions (AIL) are likely to represent a precursor for anal cancer. Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be at higher risk of anal cancer but a screening program for AIL still is not routinely recommended. We here studied the relationship of dysplastic cells from cervical and anal cytology in HIV-infected women. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Prapokklao Hospital, Thailand during 2013-2014. Five hundred and ninety nine HIV-infected women were recruited. Participants who had cytological reports of equally or over "abnormal squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance" (ASC-US) were classified as abnormal cervical or anal cytology. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate correlations between groups. Results: HIV-infected women with abnormal cervical cytology had 3.8 times more risk (adjusted odd ratio 3.846, 95% confidence interval 1.247-11.862, p-value. 019) for abnormal anal cytology. The major problem of the anal Pap test in this study was the inadequacy of the collected specimens for evaluation (34.4%, 206/599). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of cervical and anal Pap tests were 93.9/12.0, 87.3/96.9, 39.7/21.4, 99.4/94.1 and 88.1/91.4 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Abnormal cervical cytology in HIV-infected women indicates elevated risk for abnormal anal cytology. The sensitivity of the anal Pap test for detection of AIL 2/3 in HIV-infected women was quite low while specificity was excellent. Inadequacy of specimen collection for evaluation was a major limitation. Improvement of sample collection is recommended for future investigations.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.539-542
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• 2011

Purpose: Despite the increasing number of patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, surgical experience with these patients remains limited in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. The authors performed breast reconsruction with free TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muculocutaneous) flap in HIV infected patient firstly in Korea. Methods: A 53-years-old female with HIV positive underwent delayed breast reconstruction with free TRAM flap and 6 months lateral nipple reconstruction was performed. All procedures were performed according to the HIV infection control guidelines provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: There were no complications such as infection, hematoma and flap loss and symmetry of breast was achieved. Conclusion: When the operation is performed in line with the guidelines of HIV infection control, breast reconstruction with free flap is possible and can obtain successful results.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2015

본 연구는 HIV병 사망자 중 HIV병과 결핵이 동반사망한 분율을 조사하고 그 관련 요인을 분석하였다. 2002년부터 2010년까지 사이에 HIV병 사망자는 모두 774명으로 결핵이 동반사망한 분율은 10.1%로 나타났다. 그런데 이러한 분율은 2005년부터 2007년 사이에 16.3%까지 치솟았지만 2008년부터 2010년 사이에는 4%까지 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 HIV-결핵 동반사망 분율은 젊은 계층에서 더 높았고 배우자가 있는 그룹과 교육을 잘 받은 그룹에서는 유의하게 낮은 경향을 보였다. 이처럼 활동성이 높은 젊은층에서 HIV-결핵 동반사망 분율이 높고 사회경제적 안정계층에서 HIV-결핵 동반사망 분율이 낮은 것은 비슷한 해외 연구에서도 유사하게 나타나고 있어 HIV-결핵 동반사망의 예방 가능성을 시사한다. 한국은 다행히 점차 HIV-결핵 동반사망 분율이 낮아지고 있어 HIV감염자에 대한 결핵 예방사업의 효과가 나타나고 있음을 시사하고 이후 이러한 지표의 지속적인 모니터링이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Background: Notified tuberculosis (TB) cases in Korea have not decreased over the last decade (2001-2010). Methods: To clarify the reasons, we analyzed an annual report on notified tuberculosis patients and age-specific population drift in Korea. Results: Compared to the age-specific notified TB cases between 2001 and 2010, distinctive features in notified TB cases and new cases increased markedly in people aged 45-54 years and in patients over 65 years old, whereas those between 15-34 years in 2010 decreased drastically. In particular, notified TB individuals over 65 years old occupied 29.6% of the cases in 2010, which was 1.5 times higher than that in 2001. The main reason not to decrease in notified TB patients for the last decade (2001-2010) was due to the increasing elderly population as well as the aging of baby boomers, which have a higher risk of TB development. Conclusion: Korea needs to pay attention to the older population in order to successfully decrease the burden of TB in the future.

• 대한간호
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.46-62
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitudes of Korean childbering women. The subject were 1152 Korean women who were living in the Seoul area and whose age was between 17-50 years. Data was collected by self reporting with a questionnaire of 57 items developed by the researcher. The reliability of the instrument for the HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitudes were Cronbach's alpha. .6954 and .7987 respectively. The results were as follows: The mean age of the subjects was 26 years and 46.8% of them were married. The mean score for HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 14.7 out of a possible maximum score of 22. The correct answer rate for HIV/AIDS related knowledge was between 87.0-94.1% for the risk factors. and 36.4-54.8% for the transmission mode. Even though 87% of the subjects knew that homosexuals are risk group for HIV/AIDS. only half(55.8%) of the subjects answered that anal sex is the transmission mode. And only 57% of the subjects knew that HIV/AIDS transmission is possible through heterosexual contact. Their agreement level for attitudes was in order of communal coping (95%). pregnant women protection (94%). Problem appraisal (82%). patients isolation(68%). and disclosure of infection(67%). It was shown that the group who had a pregnancy (t=2.07, p=.039), used contraceptives (t=2.57, p=.OO1). and the group of college level graduates(t=3.61, p=.000) had a higher level of HIV/AIDS related knowledge. The agreement level of pregnant women protection. patient isolation. and problem appraisal were higher in the group of having had a pregnancy, having used contraceptives. and the group over 30 years of age. It was concluded that Korean childbearing women were quite knowledgeable about the risk factors but confused about the transmission mode. especially heterosexual contact. and they showed responsive attitudes to the HIV/AIDS issues considering the 339 infected cases in Korea. They preferred isolation of patients and communal coping as behavioral attitudes. Therefore it can be suggested that a HIV/AIDS prevention program should be focused on transmission mode.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2022

This study determined the recent status and trend of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) in the non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (non-HIV-PcP) and HIV (HIV-PcP) infected populations using data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). SaTScan and Join-point were used for statistical analyses. Non-HIV-PcP cases showed an upward trend during the study period from 2010 to 2021, with the largest number in 2021 (551 cases). The upward trend was similar until 2020 after adjusting for the population. Seoul had the highest number of cases (1,597) in the non-HIV-PcP group, which was the same after adjusting for the population (162 cases/1,000,000). It was followed by Jeju-do (89 cases/1,000,000). The most likely cluster (MLC) for the non-HIV-PCP group was Seoul (Relative Risk (RR)=4.59, Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR)=825.531), followed by Jeju-do (RR=1.59, LLR=5.431). An upward trend was observed among the non-HIV-PcP group in the Jeju-do/Jeollanam-do/Jeollabuk-do/Gyeongsangnam-do/Busan/Daejeon/Daegu/Ulsan joint cluster (29.02%, LLR=11.638, P<0.001) located in the southern part of Korea. Both women and men in the non-HIV groups showed an overall upward trend of PcP during the study period. Men in the 60-69 age group had the highest annual percentage change (APC 41.8) during 2014-2019. In contrast, the HIV groups showed a falling trend of PcP recently. Men in the 60-69 age group had the most decrease (APC -17.6) during 2018-2021. This study provides an analytic basis for health measures and a nationwide epidemiological surveillance system for the management of PcP.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Some Korean plants were found to inhibit HIV-1 protease activity. The extracts of Acanthopanax koreanum (stem bark), Berchemia berchemiaefolia (stem), Berchemia berchemiaefolia (bark), Distylium racemosum (leaves), Distylium racemosum (stem), Lindera erythrocarpa (leaves), Physalis alkekengi var. francheti (root), Platycarya strobilacea (stem), Rodiola rosea (root), Rosa davurica (stem), Syringa dilatata (leaves), Viburnum awabuki (stem) and Viburnum awabuki (leaves) showed significant inhibitory effect against HIV-1 protease. Camelliatannin H from Camellia japonica and uvaol from Cratagus pinatrifida were potent active inhibitors of HIV-1 protease with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.9\;{\mu}M$ and $5.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively. The cure and prevention of AIDS have been a global challenge since it was discovered in the ealy 1980s. However, the development of anti-HIV agent that can effectively treat or prevent this disease are still demanded.

• 대한보건연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.83-85
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• 2018

As the main aim of infectious disease epidemiology is to prevent a pathogen transmission, traditional epidemiological studies have focused on the evaluation of individual-level risk factors. But group-level factors as well as individual-level are important in understanding and controlling transmission of infectious diseases, especially sex-transmitted infectious diseases. Multi-level analysis (MLA) is known as a powerful analytical tool for investigating both levels simultaneously. While new cases of HIV/AIDS in Korea are increasing annually, it is urgently needed to establish research system for MLA led by Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent neurological complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, related with diverse etiologies including inflammation, opportunistic infection and side effects of medications. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate characteristics of HIV associated neuropathy according to the stage of HIV infection. Methods: In reviewing the medical records of HIV patients who underwent electrodiagnostic studies between 1997 and 2011, total 11 patients (all males; median age, 47 years; range, 28-71 years) with comorbid neuropathy were enrolled. Stage of HIV infection was categorized according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Classification of peripheral neuropathy was based on clinical and electrophysiological features. Results: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy was observed in 8 patients (72.7%), inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 2 patients (18.1%), and polyradiculopathy in 1 patient (9.1%). Median CD4+ T cell count was $123/mm^3$ (range, $8-540/mm^3$) and 7 patients (60%) had the most advanced HIV disease stage (CDC-C3). There was no neuropathy caused by CMV infection. Conclusions: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy was the most common type of neuropathy in HIV infection, but various forms of neuropathy such as inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy were also present. HIV associated neuropathy is more frequently associated with advancing immunosuppression, although it can occur in all stages of HIV infection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2024

Objectives: Comorbidities increase susceptibility to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, but limited information has been published regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and COVID-19 co-infections. This study explored the relationships among socioeconomic characteristics, sexual behaviors, and COVID-19 infection rates among Korean men who have sex with men (MSM) who are also living with HIV. Methods: Data were collected through a web survey aimed at members of the largest gay portal site in Korea, supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (n=1005). The primary independent variables included COVID-19-related vaccinations and sexual behaviors. The dependent variable was the incidence of COVID-19 infection among respondents during the pandemic. For statistical analysis, hierarchical multiple logistic regression was performed, controlling for potential confounding variables. Results: Model I indicated that older MSM were less likely to contract COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 0.99). Model II demonstrated that HIV-positive MSM were nearly twice as likely to be infected with COVID-19 compared to their HIV-negative counterparts (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.41). Furthermore, even after accounting for COVID-19 vaccination status in model III, HIV-positive MSM continued to show a higher risk of infection (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.35). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that HIV-positive MSM are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19, even when their vaccination status is considered. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the prevention of COVID-19 infections in HIV-positive individuals by administering appropriate antiretroviral therapy and ensuring adherence to public health guidelines.