• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2018

Background: Red ginseng is a popularly used traditional medicine with antiaging effects in Asian countries. The present study aimed to explore the changes in protein expression underlying the mechanisms of life span extension and antiaging caused by red ginseng extract (RGE) in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: A proteomic approach of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to identify the differential abundance of possible target proteins of RGE in D. melanogaster. The reliability of the 2-DE results was confirmed via Western blotting to measure the expression levels of selected proteins. Proteins altered at the expression level after RGE treatment (1 mg/mL) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry and by searching against the National Center for Biotechnology nonredundant and Uniprot protein databases. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Results: The average survival life span of D. melanogaster was significantly extended by 12.60% with RGE treatment (1 mg/mL) compared to untreated flies. This followed increased superoxide dismutase level and decreased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde content. Based on the searching strategy, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified (16 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated) in the RGE-treated D. melanogaster. Transduction pathways were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, and included the hippo and oxidative phosphorylation pathways that play important roles in life span extension and antiaging process of D. melanogaster. Conclusion: Treatment with RGE in D. melanogaster demonstrated that mechanisms of life span extension and antiaging are regulated by multiple factors and complicated signal pathways.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

Purpose: Recent studies have revealed recurrent alterations in the cell adhesion gene FAT4, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in cancer. FAT atypical cadherin 4 (FAT4) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the Hippo signaling pathway, which is involved in the control of organ size. Here, we investigated the loss of FAT4 expression and its association with clinicopathological risk factors in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We assessed the expression of FAT4 by using immunohistochemistry on three tissue microarrays containing samples from 136 gastric cancer cases, radically resected in the Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital between July 2006 and June 2008. Cytoplasmic immunoexpression of FAT4 was semi-quantitatively scored using the H-score system. An H-score of ${\geq}10$ was considered positive for FAT4 expression. Results: Variable cytoplasmic expressions of FAT4 were observed in gastric cancers, with 33 cases (24.3%) showing loss of expression (H-score <10). Loss of FAT4 expression was associated with an increased rate of perineural invasion (H-score <10 vs. ${\geq}10$, 36.4% vs. 16.5%, P=0.015), high pathologic T stage (P=0.015), high tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.017), and reduced disease-free survival time (H-score <10 vs. ${\geq}10$, mean survival $62.7{\pm}7.3$ months vs. $79.1{\pm}3.1$ months, P=0.025). However, no association was found between the loss of FAT4 expression and tumor size, gross type, histologic subtype, Lauren classification, lymphovascular invasion, or overall survival. Conclusions: Loss of FAT4 expression appears to be associated with invasiveness in gastric cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

Transient forebrain ischemia results in the delayed neuronal death in the CA1 area of the hippo-campus. The present study was performed to determine effects of aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, on the generation of peroxynitrite and delayed neuronal death occurring in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in the conscious rats by four-vessel occlusion for 10 min. Treatment with aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (0.4 ml/100 g, i.p.) was started 30 min following ischemia-reperfusion and the animals were then injected twice daily until 12 h before sacrifice. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite production. Posttreatment of aminoguanidine (200 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days, but not 7 days, after ischemia-reperfusion. 3-Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was enhanced in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days after reperfusion, which was prevented by the treatment of aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). Our findings showed that (1) the generation of peroxynitrite in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion was dependent on the iNOS activity; (2) the postischemic delayed neuronal death was attenuated in the early phase through the prevention of peroxynitrite generation by an iNOS inhibitor.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.35-37
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• 2021

외래 관광객 수요를 분석하고 예측하는 것은 관광 정책을 수립하고 기획하는데 지대한 영향을 미치기 때문에 관광 산업 분야에서 매우 중요하다. 외래 관광객 데이터는 여러 외적 요인들에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에, 시간에 따른 미세한 변화가 많다는 특징을 갖는다. 따라서, 최근에는 관광객 입국자 수요를 예측하기 위해 경제 변수 등 여러 외적 요인들도 함께 반영하여 예측 모델을 설계하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 시계열 예측에 주로 사용되는 회귀분석 모델과 순환신경망 모델은 여러 변수들을 반영하는 시계열 예측에 있어 좋은 성능을 보이지 못했다. 따라서 우리는 합성곱 신경망을 활용하여 이러한 한계점들을 보완한 외래 관광객 수요 예측 모델을 소개한다. 본 논문에서는 한국관광공사에서 제공한 과거 10개년 외래 관광객 데이터와 추가적으로 수집한 여러 외적 요인들을 입력 변수로 반영하는 1차원 합성곱 신경망을 설계하여 외래 관광객 수요를 예측하는 모델을 제시한다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

본 연구자는 Zinc Selenium autometallography ($ZnSe^{AMG}$) (Danscher et al., 1997) 염색법을 중심으로 중추신경계통 내 zinc ($Zn^{2+}$)의 분포와 이들을 함유하고 있는 신경종말, 소위 ZEN(zinc-enriched) terminals의 미세구조에 관하여 보고한 바 있다. 이번 연구에서는 다른 몇 가지, 즉 Neo-Timm staining (Danscher, 1982), TSQ fluorescence staining (Frederickson et al.,1987), Zinc transporter-3 Immunohistochemistry ($ZnT3^{IHC}$) (Palmiter et at., 1997) 염색법으로 흰쥐 해마복합체에 분포하는 $Zn^{2+}$를 염색한 후 이들의 염색패턴에서 차이점을 밝히고자 하였다. $ZnSe^{AMG}$ 염색법은 $Zn^{2+}$에 대한 특이성은 다소 떨어지나 광학 및 전자현미경하에서 관찰이 가능하며, 반영구적인 표본으로 보관이 가능하다는 장점이 있었고, TSQ는 $Zn^{2+}$에 대한 특이성이 매우 높을 뿐 아니라 그 염색법이 매우 간단하다는 장점이 있는 반면 형광물질의 안정성과 표본보관이 용이하지 않다는 단점이 있다. 그 외 Neo-Timm 염색법은 TSQ형광염색법과 유사한 염색 패턴을 보였으며, $ZnT3^{IHC}$염색법은 오히려 $ZnSe^{AMG}$에 가까운 염색의 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 중추신경계통 내 $Zn^{2+}$에 관한 형태학적 연구에서 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2022

Advanced or metastatic breast cancer affects multiple organs and is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer metastasis is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal metastasis (EMT). However, the specific signals that induce and regulate EMT in carcinoma cells remain unclear. PRR16/Largen is a cell size regulator that is independent of mTOR and Hippo signalling pathways. However, little is known about the role PRR16 plays in the EMT process. We found that the expression of PRR16 was increased in mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines. PRR16 overexpression induced EMT in MCF7 breast cancer cells and enhances migration and invasion. To determine how PRR16 induces EMT, the binding proteins for PRR16 were screened, revealing that PRR16 binds to Abl interactor 2 (ABI2). We then investigated whether ABI2 is involved in EMT. Gene silencing of ABI2 induces EMT, leading to enhanced migration and invasion. ABI2 is a gene that codes for a protein that interacts with ABL proto-oncogene 1 (ABL1) kinase. Therefore, we investigated whether the change in ABI2 expression affected the activation of ABL1 kinase. The knockdown of ABI2 and PRR16 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Y412 in ABL1 kinase. Our results suggest that PRR16 may be involved in EMT by binding to ABI2 and interfering with its inhibition of ABL1 kinase. This indicates that ABL1 kinase inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PRR16-related breast cancer.