• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2005

정밀한 재배관리를 위해서는 작물의 영양상태를 빠르고 정확하게 진단하고 이를 근거로 처방해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나리의 벼 재배여건에서 영양생장기 생체정보를 군락반사와 SPAD-meter 측정값으로 추정할 수 있는지를 다양한 영양생장기 생육 및 질소영양상태에서 검토하였다. 1. 생육이 진전됨에 따라서 가시역의 반사율은 줄어들고 근적외역의 반사율은 증가하는 경향이었다. 군락의 반사율은 엽면적지수에 따라 크게 변하였으며, 군락이 폐쇄되어 배경효과가 줄어드는 엽면적지수 2.5 이상에서 측정하는 것이 유효하였다. 2. 군락반사로 얻어진 식생지수 RVI, NDVI는 이앙후 30일 이후부터 작물의 생육량 및 질소영양상태와 밀접한 관련이 있었으며, 특히 엽면적지수, 건물중, 지상부 질소흡수량 및 NNI와 고도로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었는데, 이는 이들이 생육이 진전됨에 따라서 증가하는 경향을 갖고 있기 때문이었다. 3. RVI가 NDVI보다 생육량 및 질소영양상태와 관련성이 높았는데, NDVI는 낮은 엽면적이나 건물중에서도 1에 근접하는 포화현상이 발생하기 때문에 생체정보의 변이가 큰 조건에서는 RVI가 더 유용하다고 판단된다. 식생지수 중에서는 RVIgreen이 생육량 및 질소영양상태와 관련성이 가장 높았다. 4. SPAD값은 특정년도 특정시기의 질소영양상태 및 생장량과 매우 높은 상관을 보였으나 생육시기나 연도를 통합할 경우 상관이 낮았다. SPAD 값은 엽면적지수에 관계없이 생육특성과는 관련성이 거의 없었고, 질소영양 관련 특성치 간에만 유의한 상관관계가 존재하였다. 5. SPAD-meter는 많은 제한조건이 있는 반면, 식생지수중 RVIgreen을 이용할 경우 유수형성기 전후 벼의 생육량이나 질소영앙상태를 가장 잘 추정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2015

경기도 태화산 서울대학술림에 위치한 대기관측타워에서 BVOCs 중 이소프렌, 모노테르펜을 2013년 5월, 6월, 8월에 PTR-MS를 이용하여 측정하고 이들의 분포 특성을 분석하였다. $O_3$과 온도, 습도 그리고 광합성유효복사와 잎면적지수를 측정하였다. 측정기간 동안 BVOCs 농도는 온도가 가장 높은 8월보다는 6월에 더 높았다. 태화산에서 측정된 침엽수와 활엽수의 광합성량(NPP, net primary production) 모두 6월에 가장 높았다. 이는 식생의 활동이 6월에 더 활발함을 의미하는데 이는 동북아시아 몬순의 영향으로 생각된다. 이소프렌은 늦은 오후에 최고 농도를, 모노테르펜은 저녁부터 농도가 높아져 밤 늦게 최고 농도를 보였다. 이들 모두 높이에 따라 평균 농도에 차이가 있었는데, 이소프렌과 모노테르펜 모두 캐노피 아래에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 반면, 온도는 캐노피 아래가 위보다 낮았고 $O_3$ 또한 캐노피 위에서 높아 산림 내와 산림 밖의 대기 간에 차이가 있었다. 특히, 이소프렌은 오후시간에 $O_3$과 같은 시간에 최고농도 보여 $O_3$ 생성에, 반대로 $O_3$은 농도가 급격히 감소하는 저녁시간에 캐노피 아래에서 농도가 크게 증가하는 모노테르펜은 $O_3$의 소멸에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. MEGAN을 이용하여 태화산에서 산정된 이소프렌과 모노테르펜의 배출계수는 각각 $641.9g\;km^{-2}h^{-1}$, $116.8g\;km^{-2}h^{-1}$로 CAPSS에서 산정된 잣나무 배출계수와 비교하면 이소프렌은 높고 반대로 모노테르펜은 낮았다. 이를 바탕으로 연간 배출량은 이소프렌은 1.1(톤/년), 모노테르펜은 0.9(톤/년)으로 산정되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.567-571
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in breeding bird communities between deciduous forests of Gwangneung and Mt. Namsan areas from April to August 2006. Two 10ha area were selected for territory mapping of breeding bird community in both study area. The DBH distribution of trees and average foliage profiles were significantly different between study areas. Also, breeding bird communities were different. Number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and bird species diversity were higher in Gwangneung area than in Mt. Namsan area. When examining relationship between forest habitat structure and bird community, Number of bird species and breeding pairs belonged to hole and canopy guild were increase as the increase of coverstory coverage and number of large trees. Therefore, it is necessary to make vertical structure more various to plant bushes, and to make DBH distribution more diverse for enhancing bird species diversity in the degraded ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2008

We investigated the leaf demography of a temperate woody liana, Akebia trifoliata, in a temperate forest in Japan, Akebia is semi-evergreen: some leaves are shed before winter, while others remain through the winter. Previous studies of semi-evergreen species found that variation in leaf life span was caused by variation in the timing of leaf emergence, Leaves that appeared just before winter over-wintered, while leaves appearing earlier were shed, However, it is unclear whether leaves of the same cohort (i.e., leaves that appear at the same time within a single site) show variation in life span under the effect of strong seasonality. To separate variation in life span among the leaves in each cohort from variation among cohorts, we propose a new method - the single leaf diagram, which shows the emergence and death of each leaf. Using single leaf diagrams, our study revealed that Akebia leaves within a cohort showed substantial variation in life span, with some over-wintering and some not. In addition, leaves on small ramets in the understory showed great variation in life span, while leaves on large ramets, which typically reach higher positions in the forest canopy, have shorter lives, As a result, small ramets were semi-evergreen, whereas large ramets were deciduous, The longer lives of leaves on small ramets can be interpreted as a shade-adaptive strategy in understory plants.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of stem-cutting (SC) length and portion on the major agronomic characters related with dry matter production and accumulation, and to examine their relation­ships in cassava. When cassava was planted with longer SCs or with older portion SCs, major canopy or source characters like leaf number and leaf area index developed excessively, while tuber yields could be reduced due to the decrease of root/shoot ratio, relative growth rate, root dry weight, and harvest index, particularly in the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties). It was considered that the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) be early­bulked with higher tuber yield when they are planted with the 25-30 cm long SCs or with the SCs from young type to semi-mature portions of mother stems, while the bitter varieties with the 15-20 cm long SCs or with the SCs from semi-mature to hardwood portions of mother stems, respectively. However, a significant interaction between length and portion of SC was not observed in all agronomic characters.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate characteristic of vinyl chloride emissioned from poly vinyl chloride extrusion process and to evaluate the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation system. Before local ventilation facility was constructed in poly vinyl chloride extrusion process, the average worker exposure to vinyl chloride was 3.15 ppm, which exceeded Threshold Limit Value of American Conference of Gorvernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH-TLV), 1 ppm. lt is possible that vinyl chloride residues in the poly vinyl chloride resin was released or degased due to extrusion heat. The larger the width of vinyl tube become, the higher worker exposure to vinyl chloride was. It is estimated that vinyl chloride from vinyl chloride resin increased as amount of poly vinyl chloride resin extruded in the extrusion process increased. Canopy hood was an appropriate type for poly vinyl chloride resin extrusion process. This local exhaust ventilation has fan static pressure of 7.65 inch wg($190mmH_2O$, total volumetric flowlate of 4,796 CFM ($135.8m^3$/min) and fan power requirement of 12 hp (8.952 Kw). After this local exhaust ventilation was constructed there, the average concentration of worker exposure to vinyl chloride was reduced to be 0.46 ppm, which was below the Threshold Limit Value, 1 ppm. Also, the removal efficiency rate of vinyl chloride attained by local exhaust ventilation was 85.3%. It was a statistically significant (p<0.01).

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2015

The vegetation index is a crucial parameter in many biophysical studies of vegetation, and is also a valuable content in ecological processes researching. The OVIs (Optical Vegetation Index) that of using multispectral and hyperspectral data have been widely investigated in the literature, while the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) that of considering volume scattering measurement has been paid relatively little attention. Also, there was only some efforts have been put to fuse the OVI with the RVI as an integrated vegetation index. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel FVI (Fusion Vegetation Index) that uses multispectral and full-PolSAR (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. By fusing a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of RapidEye and an RVI of C-band Radarsat-2, we demonstrated that the proposed FVI has higher separability in different vegetation types than only with OVI and RVI. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed index not only has information on the vegetation greenness of the NDVI, but also has information on the canopy structure of the RVI. Based on this preliminary result, since the vegetation monitoring is more detailed, it could be possible in various application fields; this synergistic FVI will be further developed in the future.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2012

Heat island phenomena in Chuncheon (Korea) were investigated using air temperature measured by automatic weather stations and temperature dataloggers located at rural and urban sites. Numerical simulation of the phenomena was performed using Weather Research and Forecasting Urban Canopy Model (WRF-UCM) and results were compared with the observation. The model was initialized with NCEP/FNL data. The horizontal resolution of the fine domain is 0.33 km. The results of observational analyses show that the intensity of heat island was significantly higher during the nighttime than during the daytime. The highest measured temperature difference between rural and urban site is $3.49^{\circ}C$ and average temperature difference varies between 1.4 and $1.9^{\circ}C$. Good agreement was found between the simulated and observed temperatures. However, significantly overestimated wind speed was found at the urban sites. The linear regression analysis between observed and simulated temperature shows high correlation coefficient 0.96 for urban and 0.94 for rural sites while for wind speed, a very low correlation coefficient was found, 0.30 and 0.55 respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1475-1484
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• 2016

To analyze the cooling effect of urban green areas, we conducted micrometeorological measurements in these areas and their surroundings in Seoul, Korea. From the average hourly temperature measurements through each month for the last two years (March 2013 to February 2015), we found that the maximum temperature difference between urban and green areas was about $2.9^{\circ}C$ at 16:00 LST in summer, and the minimum was about $1.7^{\circ}C$ at 22:00 LST in winter. In summer, the temperature difference was the largest during the day, rather than at night, due mainly to shading by the tree canopy. The specific humidity difference between the two areas was about $1.5g\;kg^{-1}$ in summer, and this decreased in the winter. The specific humidity difference between urban and green areas in summer is relatively large during the day, due to the higher evapotranspiration level of biologically active plants.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Urban parks are important bird habitat in cities. Various studies have evaluated the habitat function of urban parks focused on field surveys. In this study, we performed applicability of NDVI obtained from Landsat 8 OLI image as a factor for spatial planning considered bird diversity. This study was classified with green boundary into three groups using NDVI's value. Environmental variables were calculated by the green area ratio of the surrounding area from 100m to 500m at each groups. The 20 environmental variables such as park area, park shape index, canopy of tree, etc. were derived, the regression analysis was performed as a dependent variable for the bird diversity of urban parks. As a result, the park area and the green area ratio of Group 3, classified high NDVI, within the 100m buffer were adopted as the variables in the regression model. In other words, it was confirmed that as the park becomes larger, the distribution of key green areas within a radius of 100m of the parks becomes higher, the diversity of bird species has increased. It was appropriate to use satellite image, NDVI to analyze species diversity in urban area.