• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.586-591
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 자연대류상의 LED 모듈의 경량열관리를 위한 하이브리드 휜 히트싱크(HF HS)의 열성능을 수치적으로 조사한 결과에 대해 논하였다. 할로우 하이브리드 휜 히트싱크(HHF HS)와 솔리드 하이브리드 휜 히트싱크(SHF HS)가 HF HS로 제안되고, 신뢰성있는 수치결과를 획득하기 위하여 3차원 CFD 해석이 수행되었다. 3차원 CFD 연구는 HHF HS와 SHF HS의 성능에 대한 휜 공간과 내부유로직경의 영향을 조사하였다. 연구결과는 HHF HS의 질량기반 열저항이 핀휜 히트싱크(PF HS) 보다 20~32% 작음을 보여주고, 유로직경의 증가에 따라 HHF HS의 질량기반 열저항이 감소함을 보인다. 이 결과는 주로 질량감소와 내부유로를 통한 열방출의 결합효과에 기인한다. 고전적인 PF HS 대비 상당히 우월한 HHF HS의 질량기반 열성능은 자연대류상의 LED 모듈의 경량열관리 적용 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.816-821
• /
• 2013

본 논문은 자연대류 상에서 수동적으로 냉각되는 다양한 하이브리드 휜들과 핀 휜의 열성능에 대한 수치연구결과를 보고한다. 연구된 하이브리드 휜들은 basic hybrid fin (BHF), hollow hybrid fin (HHF), solid hybrid fin (SHF) 이다. 다양한 방열율에 대한 HF들과 PF의 열성능을 조사하기 위해 CFD 휜 모델이 개발되었다. 휜들의 열성능은 각각의 휜에 대해 휜 베이스 면적에 대한 열전달계수, $h_a$와 질량에 대한 열전달계수, $h_m$ 을 정량화하여 분석되었다. 연구결과는 SHF의 $h_a$가 PF 보다 23% 더 큼을 보여주고, HHF의 $h_m$은 PF 보다 무려 140% 더 크며, HHF의 질량기반 성능, 즉 $h_m$은 BHF 보다 40% 더 우수함이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.480-490
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to report the level of extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) emitted by portable hand-held fans (HHF) and to discuss the methodologies for determining the health risk of ELF-MF for HHF products. Method: ELF-MF was monitored at eight locations by distances in the vicinity of HHFs. A total of 13 HHF brands on the market were randomly selected. A portable ELF-MF monitor MDEX II was used to measure the ELF-MF level in the range of 40-800 Hz with a resolution of $0.01{\mu}T$. This study also examined the frequency results of a total of 45 HHF products investigated by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (KMSICT). Results: ELF-MF higher than $0.3{\mu}T$ was found to be emitted at a distance of less than 20 cm from 12 HHF. ELF-MF emitted from four products was found to exceed the reference level ($83.3{\mu}T$ based on 60 Hz) recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). KMSIT reported that the principle frequency emitted from the HHFs ranged from 54 Hz to 284 kHz, without the level of LEF-MF. Unscientifically, the KMSICT used the reference level by ICNIRP as the chronic level and concluded that all HHFs are safe with a basis of 1.2-36.0% less than the reference level. Conclusion: The HHF emitted much higher levels of ELF-MF than $0.3-0.4{\mu}T$, which is regarded as the reference level for childhood leukemia. The risk of HHF should be examined in terms of whether they can be used by the general public, including children and pregnant woman.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 1999

Ni0.65Zn0.35Cu0.3Fe1.7O4의 결정학적 및 자기적 성질을 X-선 회절법과 Mossbauer 분광법, 진동시료 자화율 측정기(VSM)로 연구하였다. 결정구조는 cubic spinel 구조이며, 격자상수 a0=8.403$\AA$임을 알았다. Mossbauer 스펙트럼은 12K부터 665K까지 취하였으며, 온도가 상승함에 따라 Mossbauer 스펙트럼의 line broadening 현상이 나타났다. 이는 철의 자리에서 여러 다른 초미세자기장의 온도의존성으로부터 기인된다고 볼 수 있고, 분포함수 모델을 사용하여 실온에서 사면체자리[A자리], 팔면체자리[B자리]의 초미세자기장값 Hhf(A)=470kOe, Hhf(B0)=495kOe, Hhf(B1)=485kOe, Hhf(B2)=453kOe, Hhf(B3)=424kOe, Hhf(B4)=390kOe, Hhf(Bavr.)=451kOe을 얻었다. 실온에서 이성질체 이동결과 A, B자리 모두 Fe+3임을 알았고, Neel 온도 TN=665K로 결정하였다. VSM 실험결과 실온에서 포화자화값은 66emu/g이고 보자력은 36Oe를 나타냈다.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.325-330
• /
• 2006

ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) 조달용 일차벽의 제조 건전성을 검증하기 위해서, 일차벽을 구성하는 Cu/SS mock-up을 제작하여 고열부하 시험을 수행하였다. Cu/SS mock-up은 CuCrZr과 SS316L이 사용되었으며, 두 금속은 $1050^{\circ}C$, 150 MPa의 조건에서 고온등방가압법 (HIP, Hot Isostatic Pressing) 과정을 통해 접합되었다. 시험에 사용된 고열부하 장치는 일본 원자력연구소의 JEBIS (JAEA Electron Beam Irradiation Stand)를 이용하였으며, 시험 조건은 FEM 코드인 ANSYS 해석을 통해 결정하였다. 시험은 $5MW/m^2$의 고열부하를 15초간 인가하고, 30초간 냉각하는 방법으로 수행되었으며, 시험 종료 후 얻어진 시험결과와 해석결과가 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
• /
• 제53권9호
• /
• pp.606-618
• /
• 2023

Background and Objectives: The prognostic or safety implication of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RASi) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are not well established, mainly due to concerns regarding left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction aggravation. We investigated the implications of RASi in a sizable number of HCM patients. Methods: We enrolled 2,104 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM in 2 tertiary university hospitals and followed up for five years. RASi use was defined as the administration of RASi after diagnostic confirmation of HCM. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Results: RASi were prescribed to 762 patients (36.2%). During a median follow-up of 48.1 months, 112 patients (5.3%) died, and 94 patients (4.5%) experienced HHF. Patients using RASi had less favorable baseline characteristics than those not using RASi, such as older age, more frequent history of comorbidities, and lower ejection fraction. Nonetheless, there was no difference in clinical outcomes between patients with and without RASi use (log-rank p=0.368 for all-cause mortality and log-rank p=0.443 for HHF). In multivariable analysis, patients taking RASi showed a comparable risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-1.14, p=0.150) and HHF (HR, 1.03, 95% CI, 0.63-1.70, p=0.900). In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant interaction of RASi use between subgroups stratified by LVOT obstruction, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, or maximal LV wall thickness. Conclusions: RASi use was not associated with worse clinical outcomes. It might be safely administered in patients with HCM if clinically indicated.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2006

The interest for harmonic problems has been increasing due to the increment of nonlinear loads. The loads such as DC power system, personal computers, UPS system, inverters and converters operate as harmonic current sources. In this paper, a new type of the passive filter, Hybrid Harmonic Filter (HHF) is suggested to mitigate harmonic problems in power systems. The HHF is developed for reducing harmonic current, especially on the system that includes 6-pulse bridge rectifiers. Also, it is expected to prevent the overheating of transformers and feeders due to overcurrent and to correct the power factor.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.677-687
• /
• 2016

Industrialization and urbanization are the two phenomena that are going relentless all over the world. The consequence of this economic success has been a massive increase in waste on one hand and increasing demand for suitable sites for construction on the other. Owing to the surplus raw materials and energy requirement needed for manufacturing synthetic fibers, applications of waste fibers for reinforcing soils evidenced to offer economic and environmental benefits. The main objective of the proposed work is to explore the possibilities of improving the strength of soil using fly ash waste as an admixture and Human Hair Fiber (HHF) as reinforcement such that they can be used for construction of embankments and land reclamation projects. The effect of fiber content on soil - fly ash mixture was observed through a series of laboratory tests such as compaction tests, CBR and unconfined compression tests. From the stress - strain curves, it was observed that the UCC strength for the optimised soil - flyash mixture reinforced with 0.75% human hair fibers is nearly 2.85 times higher than that of the untreated soil. Further, it has been noticed that there is about 7.73 times increase in CBR for the reinforced soil compared to untreated soil. This drastic increase in strength may be due to the fact that HHF offer more pull-out resistance which makes the fibers act like a bridge to prevent further cracking and thereby it improves the toughness which in turn prevent the brittle failure of soil-flyash specimen. Hence, the test results reveal that the inclusion of randomly distributed HHF in soil significantly improves the engineering properties of soil and can be effectively utilized in pavements. SEM analysis explained the change of microstructures and the formation of hydration products that offered increase in strength and it was found to be in accordance with strength tests.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.653-660
• /
• 2010

Along with the steady growth of health functional food (HFF) markets, research evaluating the human effects of HFF has been expanding. In this study, we investigated the regulatory and management system of human study on HFF in the USA, Japan and UK, and the Korean domestic regulations on HHF, medicines, medical devices, cosmetics and biotechnology in order to improve the domestic management system. In these four countries, institutional review board (IRB) or research ethics committee (REC) approvals are required for on human study of HHF, but regulatory and management systems differ from country to country. In the USA, human studies on HFF for structure/function claims do not require the FDA's prior approval but clinical trials of the disease treatment effects of HHF require prior approval from the FDA. In the USA, IRBs are managed by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) rather than the FDA, and IRBs in those institutions which would execute the clinical trials requiring prior approval from the FDA or human studies funded by the USA federal government are required to be registered on the DHHS. In the UK, although the government does not require prior approval of human study, authorized RECs managed by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) and other independent RECs review the human study. In Japan, human study for HFF must conform with "Ethical guidelines for epidemiological research" and IRB registration has not been required. In Korean domestic regulations, the responsibilities, compositions, functions and operations of IRBs on medicines, medical devices and biotechnology are legally specified, but not those of IRB on HHF. These foreign statuses for the management of human study on HFF and comparisons with Korean regulations are expected to be used as basic data to improve the domestic legal system.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 1999

M ssbauer 분광법을 이용하여 비정질합금 Fe83B9Nb7Cu1의 자기적 성질을 연구하였다. 개선된 Vincze의 방법을 적용하여 각 온도에서 초미세자기장, 이성질체 이동치, 그리고 quadrupole line broadening의 분포함수들을 얻었고 큐리온도는 393K, Hhf(0)는 231kOe로 산출되었다. 환산된 평균 초미세 자기장(reduced average hyperfine field)의 온도 변화는 S=1 자기화 곡선에 비해 급히 감소하는 양상을 보였고 이를 설명하기 위해 Handrich의 분자장 이론에서 교환 상호 작용의 척도인 에 =0.75-0.64(T/Tc)+0.47(T/Tc)2의 온도 의존성을 도입하였다. 평균 초미세 자기장(Hhf(T))은 저온에서 스핀파 여기에 의한 공식 Hhf(T)=Hhf(0)[1-0.44(T/Tc)3/2-0.28(T/Tc)5/2- ]으로 분석하였고, 큐리온도 부근에서는 1.00[1-T/Tc]0.39의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 초미세 자기장 분포곡선의 선폭은 13K에서 102kOe (3.29 mm/s)였으며, 오도가 증가함에 따라 감소했다. 큐리온도 이상에서 평균 quadrupole splitting값은 0.43 mm/s였으며 quadrupole 이동치 분포에 의한 선폭 증가는 13K에서 0.1 mm/s, 320K에서는 0.072 mm/s 정도로 초미세 자기장 분포나 quadrupole line broadening에 의한 선폭 증가보다 작았다. 이성질체 이동치의 온도 변화에 Debye 모형을 적용하여 Debye 온도를 D=424K로 산출하였다.