• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.116.3-117
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.272.3-273
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2002

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

We recently used degenerate PCR and locus-specific PCR methods to identify the endogenous retroviruses (ERV) in the bovine genome. Using the ovine ERV classification system, the bovine ERVs (BERVs) could be classified into four families. Here, we searched the most recently released bovine genome database with the partial nucleotide sequence of the pro/pol region of the BERV ${\beta}3$ family. This allowed us to obtain and analyze the complete genome of BERV ${\beta}3$. The BERV ${\beta}3$ genome is 7666 nucleotides long and has the typical retroviral organization, namely, 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pro-pol-env-LTR-3'. The deduced open reading frames for gag, pro, pol and env of BERV ${\beta}3$ en- code 507, 271, 879 and 603 amino acids, respectively. BERV ${\beta}3$ showed little amino acid similarity to other betaretroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it clusters with HERV-K. This is the first report describing the genetic structure and sequence of an entire BERV.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.522-530
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• 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) account for approximately 45% of the human genome. TEs have proliferated randomly and integrated into functional genes during hominoid radiation. They appear as right-handed B-DNA double helices and slightly elongated left-handed Z-DNAs. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are widely distributed in human chromosomes at a ratio of 8%. They contain a 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3'-LTR structure. LTRs contain the U3 enhancer and promoter region, transcribed R region, and U5 region. LTRs can influence host gene expression by acting as regulatory elements. In this review, we describe the alternative promoters derived from LTR elements that overlap Z-DNA by comparing Z-hunt and DeepZ data for human functional genes. We also present evidence showing the regulatory activity of LTR elements containing Z-DNA in GSDML. Taken together, the regulatory activity of LTR elements with Z-DNA allows us to understand gene function in relation to various human diseases.