• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4695-4698
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• 2012

Objective: To analyze differential diagnostic accuracy of urinary human epidydimis secretory protein 4 (HE4) in patients with ovarian tumors. Materials and methods: In the case-control study 23 patients with ovarian cancer, 37 patients with benign ovarian tumors and 18 women in the control group were included. Serum CA125 values and urinary concentrations of HE4were assessed quantitatively. Urinary creatinine concentrations and glomerular filtration rate were also determined and used to calculate ratios to HE4. Results: Higher urinary HE4 concentrations were observed in patients with late stage ovarian cancer (p=0.001) and also in patients with early stage ovarian cancer when compared to patients with benign ovarian tumors (p=0.044). On analysis where all ovarian cancer patients were included, higher diagnostic accuracy was observed with calculated ratio of HE4 to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to unchanged urinary HE4 concentrations -AUC 0.861 vs. 0.858. When discriminatory accuracy was calculated for urinary HE4/GFR ratio and unchanged urinary HE4 concentrations, the last demonstrated a higher area under the curve - 0.701 vs. 0.602. The urinary HE4/creatinine ratio had lower discriminatory characteristics than unchanged concentrations of urinary HE4. However, HE4 serum concentration was more accurate for discrimination of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors when compared to urinary HE4 and CA125 in sera (AUCs were 0.868 for serum HE4 and 0.856 and 0.653 for urinary HE4 and CA125, respectively). Conclusions: Ovarian cancer patients have higher urinary concentrations of human epidydimis secretory protein 4 than patients with benign ovarian tumors. Urinary HE4 has comparable discriminatory accuracy with serum HE4 for benign and malignant ovarian tumors and can be recommended as a non-invasive ovarian cancer risk assessment method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2016

Background: Ovarian cancer remains a major worldwide health care issue due to the lack of satisfactory diagnostic methods for early detection of the disease. Prior studies on the role of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in detecting ovarian cancer presented conflicting results. New tools to improve the accuracy of identifying malignancy are urgently needed. We here aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression in comparison to serum CA125 and HE4 in discriminating benign from malignant pelvic masses. Materials and Methods: One-hundred Egyptian women were enrolled in this study, including 60 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and 20 benign ovarian tumor patients, as well as 20 apparently healthy women. Preoperative serum levels of CA125 and HE4 were measured by immunoassays. Tissue expression levels of genes encoding CA125 and HE4 were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic performance of CA125 and HE4, measured either as mRNA or protein levels, was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The serum CA125+HE4 combination and serum HE4, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.935 and 0.932, respectively, performed significantly better than serum CA125 (AUC=0.592; P<0.001). Tissue CA125 and HE4 (AUC=1) performed significantly better than serum CA125 (P<0.001), serum HE4 (P=0.016) and the serum CA125+HE4 combination (P=0.018). Conclusions: Measurement of tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression not only improves discriminatory performance, but also broadens the range of differential diagnostic possibilities in distinguishing EOC from benign ovarian tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1489-1492
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• 2016

Background: Although there are no biomarkers that are routinely used in endometrial cancer (EC) management, many studies have found that serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is superior to cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the detection of EC. The correlation of HE4 with two prognostic factors for EC, primary tumor diameter (PTD) and depth of myometrial invasion (DMI) may be useful in identifying EC patients at high risk of lymphatic dissemination. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of serum HE4 with PTD and DMI in patients with EC. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 EC patients who were scheduled for elective surgery at Rajavithi Hospital between 1st September 2013 and 30th May 2014. Preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were investigated, and then gross measurement of PTD was taken and postoperative pathologic slides were reviewed for DMI including histologic types, grading and staging. Results: Preoperative serum HE4 levels were strongly correlated with PTD (r=0.65, p<0.001) and moderately correlated with DMI (r=0.46, p<0.001). Moreover, serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in EC patients with PTD >2 cm (p<0.001) and DMI > 50% (p=0.004). The performance of serum HE4 in identifying EC patients at low risk and high risk of lymph node metastasis was significantly better than that of CA125 (AUC 0.88 vs. 0.65, p=0.003). At an optimal cut-off value of 70 pM/L, serum HE4 had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 80.0%. Conclusions: In EC patients, preoperative serum HE4 is significantly correlated with PTD and DMI. Serum HE4 levels could be useful in identifying endometrial cancer patients at high risk of lymphatic spread who would benefit from systemic lymphadenectomy at the cut-off value of 70 pM/L.

• 암석학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2014

(U-Th)/He 연령측정법은 자연상에 존재하는 $^{238}U$, $^{235}U$ 및 $^{232}Th$이 붕괴할 때 알파 입자($^4He$ 원자)가 형성되는 현상을 이용한 연령측정법이다. 모 동위원소인 $^{238}U$, $^{235}U$ 및 $^{232}Th$과 붕괴산물인 $^4He$의 양을 측정하여 (U-Th)/He 연령을 구할 수 있다. 이렇게 형성된 $^4He$ 원자는 대부분의 지질학적 시료내에서 비교적 저온에서도 빠르게 확산되는데, 이는 $^4He$가 불활성 기체이고 다른 원소에 비해 작기 때문이다. 따라서 방사성 붕괴에 의한 $^4He$의 형성(ingrowth)과 확산에 의한 $^4He$의 방출(diffusive loss)이 지질학적 시간동안 어떻게 진행 되었느냐에 따라 현재 남아있는 $^4He$의 양이 결정된다. 예를 들어, 인회석내에서의 He 확산은 다른 광물에 비해 빨라서, 비교적 저온인 $80^{\circ}C$에서도 He이 빠르게 인회석 밖으로 방출되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 자연상의 온도조건이 약 $40^{\circ}C$ 이하로 떨어졌을 때 비로소 인회석내 He 확산이 충분히 느려져서 대부분의 He이 인회석내에 보존된다. 따라서 (U-Th)/He 연령은 시료가 $80-40^{\circ}C$를 통과한 시기를 지시한다. 자연상에서 이러한 온도범위에 해당하는 깊이를 "부분 보존대"(partial retention zone)의라 한다. 전통적으로 흔히 쓰이는 폐쇄온도(closure temperature)는 보통의 입자크기와 냉각속도에서, 인회석 경우 약 $60-70^{\circ}C$, 저어콘 및 티탄석의 경우 약 $200^{\circ}C$로 알려져 있다. 특히 인회석의 He 폐쇄온도는 다른 열역사 측정법에 비해 다소 낮기 때문에 비교적 최근의 열역사 또는 천부에서의 지각융기 현상을 기술하는데 매우 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2000

현재까지 62개의 레이저선이 발견된 셀레늄증기 다중광선레이저에서 일반적으로 사용하는 $^4He$ 대신에 동위원소인 $^3He$을 펌핑가스로 최초로 사용하여 개개의 레이저선들에 대한 광이득과 레이저의 출력특성을 연구하였다. 대부분의 선들이 $^4He$ 방전보다 $^3He$ 방전에서 더 높은 output-coupling 출력과 소신호 이득을 보여 주었고, 특히 갈력한 설들(497.6 nm, 499.3 nm, 506.9 nm, 517.6 nm, 522.8 nm, 530.5 nm)은 2배의 output-coupling출력과 25% 더 높은 소신호 이득을 보여 주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2014

Background and Purpose: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been suggested to be a novel biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The present study aimed to evaluate and compare HE4 with the commonly used marker, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), in prediction and therapy-monitoring of EOC. Patients and Methods: Serum HE4 concentrations from 123 ovarian cancer patients and 174 controls were measured by Roche electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA). Risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) values were calculated and assessed. In addition, the prospects of HE4 detection for therapy-monitoring were evaluated in EOC patients. Results: The ROMA score could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups with malignancy. Indeed, lower serum HE4 was significantly associated with successful surgical therapy. Specifically, 38 patients with EOC exhibited a greater decline of HE4 compared with CA125. In contrast, elevation of HE4 better predicted recurrence (of 46, 11 patients developed recurrence, and with it increased HE4 serum concentrations) and a poor prognosis than CA125. Conclusions: This study suggests that serum HE4 levels are closely associated with outcome of surgical therapy and disease prognosis in Chinese EOC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4483-4486
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• 2016

Background: Despite the fact that ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer death, It is the most common cause of death due to reproductive cancers in Thailand where epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is commonly found. According to a Thai statistical analysis in 2010 by the Department of Medical Services, epithelial ovarian cancer was the sixth most common cancer in Thailand from 2001to 2003.The incidence of 5.1 per 100,000 women per year. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novo diagnostic tumor marker for EOC. The combination of HE4 and carcinoma antigen 125 (CA 125) is a tool for detecting epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) better than using CA 125 alone. Therefore, the researcher is interested in HE4 does have a role to predict recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: The patients who had complete response after diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer by pathology, FIGO stage 3 or more had been treated through surgery and chemotherapy at the Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital from June 2014 until March 2016. The patients were followed up every three months, using tumor marker (CA 125, HE4,Carcinoma antigen 19-9) together with other checkup methods, such as rectovaginal examination, CXR every year and other imaging as indication. Afterwards, the data was analyzed for the ability of HE4 to detect recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. Results: In 47 patients in this study follow-up for 22 months after complete response treatment from surgery and chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer, 23 had recurrent disease and HE4 titer rising. The patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer demonstrated high levels of both HE4 and CA125 with sensitivity of 91.3% and 52.7% respectively, specificity of 87.5% and 95.6% and positive predictive values of 87.5% and 85.7%. HE4 can predict recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (p-value=0.02242). Comparing HE4 and CA125 in predicting recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer HE4 had more potential than CA125 (p-value =0.8314). Conclusions: The present study showed HE4 to have a role in predicting recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer and HE4 is potentially better than CA125 as a marker for this purpose.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.376-382
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• 1992

액체 헬륨은 열역학적 성질이나 운반성질에서 특이한 현상을 나타내기 때문에 그 성질의 연구는 흥미있는 관심사였다. 특히 액체 헬륨의 점성도는 $^4He가 ^3He$ 의 경우와 매우 틀리고 $\lambda$점 이하에서 초유체성을 나타내는 등 일반 액체 점성과는 판이하게 다르다. 저자에 의해 제시된 Brake이론이라 불리는 점성이론을 헬륨에 적용하여 타당성 여부를 조사하였다. 파라미터 고체부피($V_s$)를 조정하므로 액체 $^3He, ^4He$ 와 함께 기체 및 dense gas를 동시에 적용하여 계산하였고, 그 계산 결과는 실험값과 잘 일치했다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2004

다중광선레이저인 셀레늄증기레이저에서 일반적으로 사용하는 $^4$He 대신에 동위원소인 $^3$He 펌핑가스로 사용하여 개개의 레이저선들에 대한 광이득과 레이저의 출력특성을 연구하였다. 또한 출력에 영향을 주는 헬륨의 순도는 특수 헬륨필터로써 개선하였다. Output-coupling 출력과 소신호이득은 $^4$He의 경우 보다 $^3$He을 사용한 경우에 대부분의 선들에서 더 높게 나타났다. 특히 강력한 선들(497.6 nm, 499.3 nm, 506.9 nm, 517.6 nm, 522.8 nm, 530.5 nm)에서는 소신호 이득이 약 30% 더 높게, Output-coupling 출력은 2 배에서 3 배까지 더 높은 값을 보여 주었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.551-559
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• 2016

한반도 동남부에 발달된 양산단층과 감포지역 단층대에서 지하수의 순환에 대한 단층대의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 10개 암반 지하수를 채취하여 화학성분과 영족기체 동위원소 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 지하수의 화학적 유형은 $Ca-HCO_3$ 형에서 $Ca-SO_4(Cl)$ 형의 영역을 보이며, 지질과의 뚜렷한 상관성을 보이지 않는다. 영족기체인 $^3He/^4He$와 $4^He/^{20}Ne$ 동위원소비 상관관계도에서 1점을 제외한 지하수는 대기기원의 $^3He$가 우세하며, 이는 단층대를 통하여 강수의 지하수로 유입이 활발한 대수층 환경임을 지시한다. 아울러 단층대를 통한 심부의 헬륨공급이 없는 환경임을 시사한다. $^4He$의 비율이 비교적 높은 지하수는 물-암석반응이 상대적으로 충분한 대수층조건에서 암석기원의 $^4He$가 일부 기원되었음을 지시한다.