• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.325-327
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• 2013

Objective: To differentiate between benign and malignant hyperparathyroidism on the basis of excretion of HCG and its malignant isoforms in urine. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in Manipal Teaching Hospital from $1^{st}$ January, 2008 and $31^{st}$ August, 2012. The variables collected were urinary HCG and HCG malignant isoform, calcium and parathyroid hormone. Preceding the study, approval was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Analysis was by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance. Results: Out of the 20 cases, 10 were primary hyperparathyroidism and the remainder were parathyroid carcinomas. The urinary HCG $6.1{\pm}0.6$ fmol/mgCr was with in normal range in benign hyperthyroidism but was markedly elevated in three cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism (maximum value of excretion in urine for HCG was 2323 fmol/mgCr). The excretion of malignant isoform of HCG in urine was 0 in benign hyperparathyroidsm and in four cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism which fell into the category of persistantly low HCG. The maximum excretion of the malignant isoform of HCG in urine was 1.8, in the category of very high HCG. Calcium and parathyroid hormone were mildly raised in benign parathyroidism, while parathyroid hormone was markedly elevated in cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism falling into the category of very high HCG. Conclusions: The excretion of urinary HCG in urine has the ability to distinguish between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas and thus has potential to become a marker of disease progression in malignant parathyroid disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.227-233
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• 1986

A total of 600 Holstein cows in Chonnam province was examined to make a diagnosis on the ovarian follicular cyst. By clinical signs and rectal examination, 57 cows were found to have ovarian follicular cyst. Attempts were made to treat the cows which had ovarian follicular cyst with GnRH, HCG respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The rates of estreous induction with GnRH or HCG were 91.4%, 77.2%, respectively. The GnRH treated group was showed significantly higher than HCG treated group. The mean days from the GnRH or HCG treated to estrum were 25.1 and 23.5 days, respectively. 2. The Conception rates with GnRH or HCG treatment were 78.2% and 76.5％, respectively. 3. Services per conception with GnRH or HCG treatment were 1.5 and 2.1 respectively. 4, Days from GnRH or HCG treatment to concept were 38.2 and 45.8 days, respectively. 5. Intramuscular injection with GnRH and intraovarian injection with HCG were revealed the most effective routes in all the other routes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 1997

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of steroids and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on in vitro maturation and ovulation of oocyte in Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Oocytes were incubated in the media Leibovitz L15 supplemented with the various concentration of $17\alpha,\;20\beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17\alpha20{\beta}OHP),\;17\alpha-hydroxyprogesterone(17{\alpha}OHP),\;progesterone(P_4),\;estradiol-17\beta(E_2)and\;HCG$. After 60 hours incubation, the maturation ability of oocyte was assessed by the appearance of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). GVBD was significantly enhanced by the addition of $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP,\;17{\alpha}OHP,\;P_4\;and\;HCD(P<0.05)$. The highest CVBD was observed when $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG were supplemented to media. When oocytes were cultured for 16 hours in media containing $10\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP,\;17{\alpha}OHP\;and\;P_4$, the rate of GVBD in oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP(65\%)$ was significantly higher than that with $17{\alpha}OHP\;(40\%)\;and\;P_4(35\%)$. The efforts of $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG on GVBD were assessed by various concentration of these hormones. When oocytes were cultured for 60 hours in various media containing $1\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17{\alpha}20{\beta}OHP\;or\;5\~1,000\;IU/ml$ HCG, the GVBD of oocytes was significantly increased in the medium with $10\~100\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and 500 IU/ml HCT. When oocytes were cultured in the various media supplemented with $1\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP\;or\;5\~1,000\;IU/ml$ HCG for 60 hours, the media with $1\~100\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP\;or\;50\~1,000IU/ml$ HCG significantly increased in the rate of ovulation. However supplementation with $1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$or 5 IU/ml HCG did not improve the rate of ovulation compared to controls. This results indicate that supplementation of steroid and HCG except $E_2$ can improve the in vitro maturation and ovulation of oocyte in P. fulvidrac; HCG and $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ may be more effective than other steroids on oocyte maturation and ovulation in P. fulvidraco.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 1998

The relative effectiveness of C21-steroids and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) on maturation and ovulatin was investigated in vitro using the isolated oocytes or ovarian fragments from the sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. ${\alpha}$-hydroxy, 20${\beta}$-dihydroprogesterone(17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP : 5, 50, 500, 1000ng/ml), 17${\alpha}$-hydroxy, 20${\alpha}$-dihydroprogesterone(17${\alpha}$20${\alpha}$OHP : 5, 50, 500, 1000ng/ml) and HCG (5, 50, 500IU/ml) were effective in inducing oocyte maturation, GVM (germinal vesicle migration) or GVBD(germinal vesicle breakdown), compared to control except 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP and 17${\alpha}$20${\alpha}$OHP at 5ng/ml. 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP showed the greatest effect on oocyte maturation at 50ng/ml. A combination of 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP(50ng/ml) and HCG(500IU/ml) led to a significant increase (p<0.05) in GVBD when compared with 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP or HCG alone. These findings suggest that the two in combination acts synergistically to induce GVBD. 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP (1~1000ng/ml) and HCG(1~500IU/ml) also induced ovulation in ovarian fragments at all concentrations used ; more effective at lower concentrations(1~50ng/ml or IU/ml). It was shown that HCG was more potent in inducting ovulatin than 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1996

The relative effectiveness of steroids and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was investigated in vitro using the isolated oocytes (folliculated oocytes) from the spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus. Among the steroids tested, $17\alpha-hydroxy,\;20\beta-dihydroprogesterone\;(17\alpha20{\beta}OHP)$ was more effective than progesterone (P4) and $17\alpha-hydroxyprogesterone\;(17{\alpha}OHP$). In comparing $17\alpha,\;20{\beta}OHP$ with HCG, both $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG were effective in inducing GVBD at all concentrations : $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ was effective even at lower concentrations ($10\~50$ ng/ml). HCG at three concentrations used (50, 100, 500 IU/ml) showed no significant differences in inducing GVBD.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.513-519
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• 1998

Ovulation of maturing femal mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri was induced using single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or gonadotropin releasing hormone-analogue (GnRH-a), GnRH-a plus prostaglandin F2 (PG$F_2$) or GnRH-a plus pimozide. The response was evaluated by fertilization, embryo-formation and hatching rate after insemination. Those rates were generally higher in GnRH-a group than in HCG group. The higher hatching rat of above 89% was achived using a dosage of 5,000 IU/kg HCG plus 10 ${\mu}$g/kg GnRH-a, 10${\mu}$g/kg GnRH-a plus 500 ng/kg PGF2, and 10 ug/kg GnRH-a plus 1-5 mg/kg pimozide. Ovulation was induced in all female injected with sex-maturation hormones and stimulator, but blocked in female injected with HCG plus GnRH-a plus dopamine combination, and GnRH-a plus PGF2 plus indometacin combination. These results show that the mandarin fish in spawning period secrete a sex-mutruation assosiated hormones and gonadotropin-releasing -inhibiting factor(GRIF).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.367-375
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• 2022

Background: Short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng (sHCG), which is 1-year-old ginseng seedlings cultivated for 4 weeks in a hydroponic system, is a functional food item with several biological effects. However, the optimal extraction conditions for sHCG, and the bioactivity of its extracts, have not been evaluated. Methods: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ginsenoside contents were evaluated in sHCG, white ginseng (WG), and red ginseng (RG) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions (temperature and ethanol concentration) to maximize the yield of dry matter, CGA, and four ginsenosides (Re, Rg₁, Rb₁, and Rd) from sHCG. The optimal extraction conditions were applied to pilot-scale production of sHCG extracts. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced thymic and activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) were measured after treatment with sHCG, WG, and RG extracts, and the effects of their bioactive compounds (CGA and four ginsenosides) on human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs) were evaluated. Results: CGA and four ginsenosides, which are bioactive compounds of sHCG, significantly inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 expression. The optimal sHCG extraction conditions predicted by the RSM models were 80 ℃ and 60% ethanol (v/v). The sHCG extracts produced at the pilot scale under optimal conditions greatly alleviated TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 production compared with WG and RG extracts. Conclusions: Pesticide-free sHCG extracts, which contain high levels of CGA and the ginsenosides Re, Rg₁, Rb₁, and Rd as bioactive compounds, may have therapeutic potential for atopic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1985

배란 및 착상시기에 indomethacin 투여가 혈액의 progesterone 수준과 착상율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Progesterone수준은 HCG 주사후 4시간이내에 9ng/ml로 증가 되었다가 배란시에는 3ng/ml로 감소하였다. indomethacin투여구에서는 배란시 8ng/ml를 나타내기 까지 계속증가하였다. Indomethacin투여는 착상을 억제하였다. 대조구의 착상율은 83%이나, indomethacin을 HCG 주사후 1일부터 4일까지 투여하면 착상율은 63%, HCG주사후 5일 부터 8일까지 투여하면 착상율은 27%로 감소하였다. Progesterone 수준은 HCG 주사후 12ng/ml의 높은 수준을 나타내다가 HCG 주사후 3일까지는 3ng/ml이하의 낮은 수준을 나타내였으며 4일 부터는 10ng/ml의 높은 수준을 나타냈다. Indomethacin을 HCG 주사후 5일부터 8일까지 투여하면 HCG 주사후 3일까지는 대조구와 비슷하지만 4일 부터는 5ng/ml이하로 대조구 보다 낮은 수준을 나타냈다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 1983

In order to know the mode of the action of gondotrophic hormone on the expansion of cumuli oophori, oocyte-cumulus complexes isolated from Graafian follicles of mice were stimulated to expand in vitro with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and the effects of puromycin and actinomycin D on the expansion were examined. THe complexes were cultured in medium TC 199 containing 10% bovine serum in the presence or absence of HCG and the inhibitors. Puromycin in the medium (0.5-4 $\\mu$g/ml) suppresseed the HCG-induced cumulus expansion dose-dependently. This effect of puromycin was reversible. Puromycin affected the complexes throughout the HCG-stimulating stage (3 hours) and hyaluronic acid synthesis stage (3-18 hours). Actinomycin D also inhibited the expansion of the cumulus from the concentration of 0.025 $\\mu$g/ml. But the effect of actinomycin D was not completely reversible and the drug appeared to give an irreversible damage to the complexes at 0.1 $\\mu$g/ml. From the above results, it is suggested that RNA or protein synthesis is involved in the process in which HCG stimulates the cumulus cells to expand therefore cAMP elevated by te gonadotrophin may control expansion at the transcriptional or translational level.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1998

Effects of intraperitoneal administration of LHRH-a (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue), pimozide and HCG (human chorionic gonadortropin) were studied on ovulation in the bullhead, Pseudobagrus. fulvidraco. Ovulatin was induced in 71.4, 80 and 100% by injection of HCG 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 IU/kg of body weight, respectively. Also, the majority of fish injected with LHRH-a in the presence or absence of pimozide were ovulated. The ovulating rates in fish injected with LHRH-a alone showed 50, 75 and 100% at a dose 200, 300 and $400^{\mu}$g/kg, respectively. Pimozide enhanced the activity of LHRH-a at $300^{\mu}$g/kg plus pimozide at 1 mg/kg. Pimozide alone was ineffective in inducing ovulation of P. fulvidraco. There were no significant differences in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and pseudo-GSI values among the groups treated with HCG, LHRH-a and LHRH-a plus pimozide (P>0.05). The latency time groups treated with HCG was 17~22 hours, and the group injected with LHRH-a alone and/or in combination with pimozide was ovulated within 23~29 hours.