• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

Recently, $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 dual immunostaining has been introduced as a new biomarker protocol for early detection of uterine cervical dysplasia and cancer in liquid-based cytology (LBC). We performed the $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 dual immunostaining using a CINtec$^{(R)}$ PLUS kit in a total of 109 LBC cases of cervicovaginal smear and compared its results with those from LBC, HPV hybrid capture II (HC II) test and histological diagnosis. Expression of $p16^{INK4a}$ and Ki-67 was significantly associated with cases of LSIL or higher in cytological diagnosis and cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 or higher in histological diagnosis (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Among forty-six cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in LBC, $p16^{INK4a}$ and Ki-67 was expressed in 31 (67.4%), which were positively associated with cases of CIN I lesion or higher in histology. The sensitivity of $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 dual immunostaining for finding lesions of CIN 1 or higher was 89.0%, which was higher than LBC. The specificity was 73.5%, which was higher than that of the HC II test. Based on these results, the $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 dual immunostaining method can be a useful diagnostic marker for improving the sensitivity of LBC and the specificity of HC II test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.627-637
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• 2023

Purpose To investigate the effect of patient positioning on tendinosis grade, visible range, and infraspinatus tendon (IST) thickness, and to determine the feasibility of internal rotation (IR) position to assess IST on ultrasound (US). Materials and Methods This study included 52 shoulders of 48 subjects who were evaluated for IST in three different positions: neutral position (N), IR, and position with the ipsilateral hand on the contralateral shoulder (HC). Two radiologists retrospectively graded IST tendinosis from grade 0 to grade 3 and the visible range from grade 1 to grade 4. The thickness of the IST was measured by another radiologist with a short-axis view. A generalized estimating equation was used for statistical analysis. Results The tendinosis grades were higher in the HC position than in the IR position, with a cumulative odds ratio of 2.087 (p = 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.268-3.433). The tendinosis grades in the HC position (p = 0.370) and IR position (p = 0.146) were not significantly different from those in the N position. The overall difference in IST thickness was significant (p < 0.001), but the visible range (p = 0.530) was not significantly different according to position. Conclusion Patient positioning significantly affected the grade of tendinosis and thickness but not the visible range of the IST. The IR position is a feasible position for assessing the IST on US.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors of oral environment and self-care behavior on the oral health-related quality of life in the elderly with diabetes. Methods: The participants were 110 elderly patients with diabetes and follow-up care on their outpatient clinic in D and G city. Data were collected September-December 2018, using questionnaires of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) and Kim's Self-care Behavior, measuring with the tooth-pick (Premiers Dental), Halitosis Checker (HC-212M), and Moisture Checker for Mucus (MCM) for oral environments. The data were analyzed the by independent t-test, oneway ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using an IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 Program. Results: There was positive correlation between oral health-related quality of life and self-care behavior (r= .61, p< .001), negative correlations among halitosis (r = -.34, p< .001), gingival index (r = -.31, p= .001) and plaque index (r = -.32, p= .001). Self-care behavior (β= .46, p< .001), subjective health status (good) (β= .23, p= .002), halitosis (β= -.16, p= .030), and plaque index (β= -.15, p= .041) explained 46.0% of the variance in the oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop nursing care for elderly patients with diabetes that can enhance the self-care behavior and subjective health status, and lower halitosis and plaque index, the factors influencing the oral health-related quality of life in elderly patients with diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.986-997
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• 2022

Objective: Whether metabolic redistribution occurs in patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. This study aimed 1) to propose a measure of the brain metabolic network for an individual patient and preliminarily apply it to identify impaired metabolic networks in patients with WMHs, and 2) to explore the clinical and imaging features of metabolic redistribution in patients with WMHs. Materials and Methods: This study included 50 patients with WMHs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/MRI. Various global property parameters according to graph theory and an individual parameter of brain metabolic network called "individual contribution index" were obtained. Parameter values were compared between the WMH and HC groups. The performance of the parameters in discriminating between the two groups was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The correlation between the individual contribution index and Fazekas score was assessed, and the interaction between age and individual contribution index was determined. A generalized linear model was fitted with the individual contribution index as the dependent variable and the mean standardized uptake value (SUV_mean) of nodes in the whole-brain network or seven classic functional networks as independent variables to determine their association. Results: The means ± standard deviations of the individual contribution index were (0.697 ± 10.9) × 10^-3 and (0.0967 ± 0.0545) × 10^-3 in the WMH and HC groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The AUC of the individual contribution index was 0.864 (95% confidence interval, 0.785-0.943). A positive correlation was identified between the individual contribution index and the Fazekas scores in patients with WMHs (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Age and individual contribution index demonstrated a significant interaction effect on the Fazekas score. A significant direct association was observed between the individual contribution index and the SUV_mean of the limbic network (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The individual contribution index may demonstrate the redistribution of the brain metabolic network in patients with WMHs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1998

A bacterium producing unique antistaphylococcal substance (ASS) was isolated from soil samples. The isolated strain KUH-001 was identified to belong to Pseudomonas species from the characteristic properties of its fluorescence and cellular 3-hydroxy fatty acid composition, etc. The ASS component was purified by procedures employing activated carbon adsorption, column chromatography with silica gel, preparative TLC and HPLC. This compound could also be purified mainly by repeating of trituration and precipitation with chilled ether. Purified ASS with a m.p. value of $140~142^{\circ}C$ showed marked stability at high temperature (at $121^{\circ}C$ for 10 min) and extreme pHs (in 1N HC1 and 1N NaOH for 1 day) without significant loss of antibiotic activity. From spectral data of UV, IR, NMR, and FAB-MS, the compound was elucidated as 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HHQO). Under the conditions employed, HHQO exhibited a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. active particularly against Staphylococcus aureus including the methicillin resistant strain. Moreover, it did not induce resistance, and besides, interacted synergistically with certain antibiotics such as vancomycin or erythromycin.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

A Green's function approach is adopted to solve the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem of a thin hollow circular disk. Initially, the disk is kept at temperature T0(r, z). For times t > 0, the inner and outer circular edges are thermally insulated and the upper and lower surfaces of the disk are subjected to convection heat transfer with convection coefficient hc and fluid temperature T∞, while the disk is also subjected to the axisymmetric heat source. As a special case, different metallic disks have been considered. The results for temperature and thermal deflection has been computed numerically and illustrated graphically.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.395-406
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• 2002

The sixty natural springs and community wells used as a drinking water in the Daejeon area are mainly located at the parks and the natural green districts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of water quality and the contamination of the springs and the wells, and to suggest the management strategy for the springs and wells. For this study, we undertook water quality data from Daejeon City. According to the statistic analysis of water quality data, unacceptable rate as a drinking water was about 28 percent in 1999 and 24.5 percent in 2000, respectively. Major unacceptable factor is coliform, and others are bacteria, yersinia, color, turbidity, Fe and F. The unacceptable rate shows a roughly positive relationship with precipitation, that is, it shows highest rate during a rainy season between June and September. The major contamination source is likely to be the excrement of wild animals around natural springs and wells. Most of springs are vulnerable to the contamination of coliform and bacteria because of short residence time and shallow circulation in subsurface environment. The water samples collected from 31 springs or wells show weak acidic pHs, the electrical conductivity ranging from 63 to 357 $\mu\textrm{S}$/cm, and the hydrochemical types of Na(Ca)-HC0$_3$ and Ca-HC0$_3$. The groundwater samples of low total dissolved solid(TDS) belong to Na(Ca)-HC0$_3$. type, and the groundwater of high total dissolved solid is shifted towards Ca-HC0$_3$ type in the chemical composition. These hydrochemical characteristics indicate that most natural springs is in the early stage of geochemical evolution. The natural springs should be closed during a rainy season, which shows a high contamination rate. We suggest that a protection barrier around the springs should be built to keep wild animals away from the springs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.24.1-24.7
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• 2016

Background: Clinoptilolite is a natural zeolite with high adsorption capacity for polar mycotoxins such as aflatoxins. The efficacy of clinoptilolite in ameliorating the toxic effects of aflatoxicosis has been proven in monogastric animals, but there is no such evidence for ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate, under field conditions, whether the dietary administration of clinoptilolite in dairy cows could reduce the concentration of aflatoxin M1 ($AFM_1$) in bulk-tank milk, in farms with higher than or close to $0.05{\mu}g/kg$ of milk (European maximum allowed residual level). An objective of the present study was also to investigate the effect of particle size of clinoptilolite on aflatoxin binding. Methods: Fifteen commercial Greek dairy herds with AFM1 concentrations in bulk tank milk ${\geq}0.05{\mu}g/kg$ were selected. Bulk tank milk AFM1 was determined prior to the onset and on day 7 of the experiment. Clinoptilolite was added in the total mixed rations of all farms at the rate of 200 g per animal per day, throughout this period. Two different particle sizes of clinoptilolite were used; less than 0.15 mm in 9 farms (LC group) and less than 0.8 mm in 6 farms (HC group). Results: Clinoptilolite administration significantly reduced $AFM_1$ concentrations in milk in all farms tested at an average rate of 56.2 % (SD: 15.11). The mean milk $AFM_1$ concentration recorded on Day 7 was significantly (P < 0.001) lower compared to that of Day 0 ($0.036{\pm}0.0061$ vs. $0.078{\pm}0.0074{\mu}g/kg$). In LC group farms the reduction of milk $AFM_1$ concentration was significantly higher than HC group farms ($0.046{\pm}0.0074$ vs. $0.036{\pm}0.0061{\mu}g/kg$, P = 0.002). As indicated by the Pearson correlation, there was a significant and strong linear correlation among the milk $AFM_1$ concentrations on Days 0 and 7 (R = 0.95, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Dietary administration of clinoptilolite, especially of smallest particle size, at the rate of 200 g per cow per day can effectively reduce milk $AFM_1$ concentration in dairy cattle and can be used as a preventive measure for the amelioration of the risks associated with the presence of aflatoxins in the milk of dairy cows.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.126-133
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• 2014

Purpose: Smokeless tobacco-based oral-use products like gutka are popular in India. Gutka usage leads to increased periodontal destruction and inflammation; however, the relevant mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of gutka in periodontitis by examining its effect on the levels of interleukin (IL) $1{\beta}$ and IL-8 from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: A total of 45 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty patients with periodontitis (15 gutka chewers [GCP] and 15 nongutka chewers [NGC]) and 15 periodontally healthy controls (HC) were selected. The full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession (RC) were recorded. The IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-8 levels in the GCF of all subjects were assessed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Quantikine). Results: The IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-8 levels were not significantly higher in the GCP group (IL-$1{\beta}$, $369.01{\pm}273.44{\mu}L$; IL-8, $205.97{\pm}196.78{\mu}L$) as compared to those in the NGC group (IL-$1{\beta}$, $195.57{\pm}96.85{\mu}L$; IL-8, $178.61{\pm}149.35{\mu}L$). More gingival RC and loss of attachment was seen among the GCP group (RC: $2.02{\pm}0.31$, P=0.013; CAL: $4.60{\pm}0.56$, P<0.001) than among the NGC group (RC, $1.21{\pm}1.15$; CAL, $3.70{\pm}0.32$); however, PD was deeper among the NGC subjects (P=0.002). PI and GI were significantly higher for the periodontitis group (P<0.001) when compared to the HC, but there was no difference among gutka chewers and non-chewers (P=0.22 and P=0.89). A positive correlation was found between the IL-8 levels and the duration of gutka chewing (r=-0.64, P<0.01). Conclusions: Gutka chewing leads to increased gingival RC and clinical loss of attachment. There was no effect seen in the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the GCF of gutka users.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study described the effect of the multiple injections and diesel-ethanol on the NVH, combustion and emission characteristics of 4 cylinder common rail diesel engine. In order to investigate the influence of diesel-ethanol blended fuel in a light-duty common rail diesel engine, the injection strategy was varied with pilot injection, double pilot injections, and one main injection at various operating conditions. The results showed that diesel-ethanol blended fuel had longer ignition delay than that of the ultra low diesel fuel(ULSD). Also, in the case of multiple injections, the combustion pressure is increased smoothly near the TDC and the NVH are decreased. In the emission characteristics, diesel-ethanol blended fuel produced lower indicated specific nitrogen oxides(IS-NOX) and indicated specific Soot(IS-soot) emissions, however, indicated specific unburned hydrocarbon(IS-HC) and indicated specific carbon monoxide(IS-CO) emissions are slightly increased.