• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.347-359
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. Materials and Methods: The viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stored in Hank's balanced salt solution and PDRN solutions (concentrations, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL) and tap water was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Live/Dead assays. In addition, Nitric oxide detection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PDRN. Results: The viability of PDL cells stored in a 100 ㎍/mL PDRN solution was significantly higher than that of cells stored in the other solutions (p < 0.01). Furthermore, cells stored in 100 ㎍/mL PDRN solution demonstrated a significantly reduced NO production (p < 0.0001), and cells stored in 50 and 100 ㎍/mL PDRN solutions expressed significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) -4, IL-6, and IL-10 (p < 0.01) compared to cells stored in HBSS. Conclusion: The PDRN solution exhibited cell-preserving and anti-inflammatory effects on the PDL cells. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for further experiments directed at the development of an effective storage medium for avulsed teeth.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 1999

Preservation of the remaining periodontal ligament cells on an avulsed tooth is very important to the successful outcome of replantation. HBSS is recommended as the most suitable storage medium for the avulsed tooth that cannot be replanted immediately. But their availability near the site of an accident is doubtful. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare periodontal ligament cells stored in different storage media obtained easily on the spot. Human periodontal ligament cells were collected from the premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ culture medium containing 20% FBS, at $37^{\circ}C$ 100% humidity, in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Cells were cultured in 96 well culture plate, $5{\times}10^4$ cells per well with ${\alpha}-MEM$ and incubated for 24 hours. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS, pasteurized milk, sterilized saline, unstimulated saliva and bench-dried state at $25^{\circ}C$ room temperature for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes respectively. And then each group was measured using MTT assay. The results were as follows. 1. Between the group of each time, there was statistically significant difference. Periodontal ligament cells viability was highest in pasteurized milk and was reduced stepwisely in sterilized saline, unstimulated saliva and bench-dried state(p<0.05). 2. between the time of each group, there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05) but was no statistically significant difference at 90-120 minutes in pasteurized milk and at 60-90 minutes and 120-180 minutes in sterilized saline(p>0.05). In conclusion, HBSS as storage medium of an avulsed tooth is not practical on the spot. Insteadily pasteurized milk can be recommended to maintain the periodontal ligament cells viability.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of gallstones in the last three years and evaluate the associated risk factors in the population who underwent health screening. Although there are many studies reporting the prevalence and risk factors of GB polyp, the results varied among each report. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence rate and risk factors of GB polyp, colon polyp and fatty liver in the population who underwent health screening. The study population consisted of 4,877 visited the health promotion center in Dalseogu, Daegu in Korea from January 2011 to December 2013. Each participant in the study had their biliary system gallbladder examined using ultrasonography. The prevalence of GB polyp was evaluated along with age, gender, metabolic syndrom, body mass index (BMI), Fatty liver, Colon polyp. A showed of total 383 (7.9%) people were found to have GB polyps. The prevalence of sex among 256 (9.8%) patients men and 127 (5.6%) women which showed significantly higher in male than in female subjects(p=0.001). The mean size of the GB polyps 4.92 mm (1.6-17 mm). The sizes of most GB polyps (73.6%) were less than 10 mm in diameter. 122 subjects (31.28%) had multiple GB polyps which 2 or more polyps and 261 subjects (68.2%) had single polyp. Independent risk factors related with GB polyp were male gender (OR 0.551, p<0.001), overweight that BMI above $23kg/m^2$ (OR 0.713, p=0.002) triglyceride (OR 0.571, P<0.001), metabolic syndrome (OR 0.049, p=0.033) and colon polyp (OR 1.409, p=0.002). In spite of the conclusion, the prevalence GB polyp was higher than previous Korea and other country reports. The GB polyp in a healthy population was results as 7.9%. The risk factors of GB polyps were found to be male, being overweight, triglyceride, metabolic syndrome and colon polyp. Not only the subject of a health examination is needed but, a further study of the general public when possible.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2000

Background: Hepatocellular carcinomal(HCC) has been considered to be relatively radioresistant. The role of radiotherapy(RT) in the treatment of HCC is controversial. But RT has a role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as a single or combination modalities. The effect of radiotherapy on HCC was evaluated. Patients and Methods: From January 1984 through January 2000, a total of 18 patients with unresectable HCC underwent radiotherapy alone or in conjunction with transarterial embolization(TAE). We reviewed the medical ecords of patients treated with RT and measured the tumor size using measured the tumor size using planimetry method. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. Results: The RT patients were 15 men and 3 women. The mean age was 51 years. four(22.2%) of them were accompanied with ascites. Eleven(61.1%) of them were accompanied with liver cirrhosis and their functions were 6, 3, 2 in each Child-Pugh A, B, C, respectively. A partial response(PR) was observed in 2 patients(11.1%), minimal response(MR) in 4 patients (22.2%) and no change(NC), in 11 patients(61.1%), whereas progressive disease(PD) was seen in 1 patients(6%), respectively. Conclusions: Although the radiotherapy in HCC did not improve the survival rate. it decreased the tmor size. Radiotherapy strengthens the therapeutic efficacy when combined with TAE, but more studies are needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2003

Purpose: We compared the therapeutic efficacy of low dose with that of standard dose of interferon (IFN) treatment and also compared the first IFN treatment with retreatment. Methods: We have studied 51 children (age, 2~14) treated for chronic hepatitis B from March 1990 to August 1999. Twenty seven children had been treated with $3\;MU/m^2$ ($2.66{\pm}0.66\;MU/m^2$) of IFN-${\alpha}$ three times a week for 6 months (range, 6~12 months), whereas 24 children with $6\;MU/m^2$ ($4.45{\pm}0.94\;MU/m^2$). There was no significant difference in gender, age, initial ALT and HBV DNA levels between each comparative group. Results: Among the 27 children treated with $3\;MU/m^2$ of IFN, ALT level had normalized in 11 children (41%) and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 9 children (33%) one year after the initiation of treatment. In comparison, among the 24 children treated with $6\;MU/m^2$ of IFN, ALT normalized in 12 children (50%) and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 7 children (29%). In comparing the first treatment group to retreatment group, ALT level had normalized in 23 children (45%) and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 16 children (31%) among the 51 children treated with the first course of IFN treatment. In comparison, ALT normalized and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 3 children (25%) among the retreated 12 children. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the therapeutic efficacies between $3\;MU/m^2$ and $6\;MU/m^2$ dose of IFN treated groups in ALT normalization and anti-HBe seroconversion. The retreatment efficacy of IFN-${\alpha}$ was as effective as the first treatment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

Although Lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil are efficacious drugs for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B patients, their efficacy is far from completely satisfactory. The risk of liver cirrhosis and HCC begins to increase at an HBV DNA level of $10^4$ copies/ml. Even with latent or past HBV infection, episomal covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA) plays a key rolein the persistence, relapse and resistance of HBV in its natural course or during therapy. The annual incidence of HCC in YUMC is 1.8% and 4.7% patients/year in the antiviral treatment and control groups, respectively. The ability to achieve a high rate of sustained HBV suppression with low risk of drug resistance is the ultimate goal in the treatment of chronic HBV infection. The efficacy of universal immunization with striking reductions in the prevalence of HBV in localized countries needs to be spread worldwide. With hepatitis B immunization and effective antiviral therapy, global control of HBV infection and HBV-related complications, including HCC, are possible by the end of the first half of the $21^{st}$ century.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 1996

Pathways both mediated by and independent of transferrin(Tf) and the TfR have been described for the accumulation of iron. Although it is not clear whether the same systems take up iron and gallium, these pathways may suggest the contention that uptake of Ga-67 can, in fact, occur by both Tf-independent and Tf-dependent systems and may share with Fe-59 in part the same mechanism for uptake. The predominant system by which uptake of both radiometals occurs may be different in the degree of the transformation of tumor. Transformed(MMSV/3T3) and untransformed(BALB/3T3) cells were incubated with luM of Ga-67-citrate of Fe-59-chloride for 15 min. at $37^{\circ}C$ in either the presence or absence of Tf. After then, the monolayers were washed with HBSS or PBS, and the cells were solubilized in 1% SDS for gamma well counting and protein determinations. There were similarities, as well as differences, in the pattern of uptake of Fe-59 and Ga-67 presented both in ionic from and as bound to Tf. Both radiometals appeared gain to cells in either ionic or Tf-bound forms. Transformed cells appeared to accumulate more radiometal, either Ga-67 or Fe-59 in the presence of Tf than do the their untransforemd counterparts. Conversly the presentation of either radiometal in ionic form resulted in significantly greater accumulation of metal by the untransformed cells than those transformed. The efficiency for uptake of Ga-67 or Fe-59 in the absence of Tf was greater than for uptake of the Ga-Tf or Fe-Tf. However, the magnitude of difference in efficiency of uptake was greater for Fe-59(10-fold) than for Ga-67 (3-fold). Our results Supports the theory that both Tf-independent and Tf-dependent systems for the uptake of Ga-67 both systems operate oppositely between transformed cells and those untransformed, with uptake by the predominating in transformed cells by the Tf-mediated system and in untransformed cells by the Tf-independent. The uptake of Ga-67 by tumor may share with Fe-59 in part the same mechanism.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

Purpose: Non-A, B, C viral hepatitis is the name given to the disease with clinical viral hepatitis, but in which serologic evidence of A, B, C hepatitis has not been found. Little is known about the etiology and clinical features of non-A, B, C viral hepatitis in children. Methods: A clinical analysis of 45 cases with non-A, B, C viral hepatitis who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, from January 2001 to June 2004 was carried out retrospectively. Patients who were positive for HBsAg, anti-HAV and anti-HCV and had toxic, metabolic, autoimmune, or neonatal hepatitis were excluded in this study. Results: Among 45 cases of non-A, B, C viral hepatitis, the etiology was unknown in 26 (57.8%), CMV (cytomegalovirus) in 14 (31.1%), EBV (Epstein Barr virus) in 2 (4.4%), HSV (herpes simplex virus) in 2 (4.4%) and RV (rubella virus) in 1 (2.2%). Twenty seven out of 45 (60.0%) patients were under 1 year of age. Sixteen (33.3%) patients had no specific clinical symptoms and were diagnosed incidentally. On physical examination, twenty seven out of 45 patients (60.0%) had no abnormal findings. Forty three out of 45 patients (95.6%) showed classic clinical course of acute viral hepatitis, whereas fulminant hepatitis developed in two patients. Mean serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase) level was $448.7{\pm}771.9IU/L$. Serum ALT level was normalized in 31 out of 45 patients (81.6%) within 6 months and all patients within 18 months. Aplastic anemia was complicated in a case. Conclusion: Although most patients with non-A, B, C viral hepatitis showed a good prognosis, a careful follow-up would be necessary because some of them had a clinical course of chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis and severe complication such as aplastic anemia.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

To compare the survival rate of periodontal ligament cells preserved in storage media with good availability at the time of an avulsion injury, periodontal ligament cells were incubated in ${\alpha}-MEM$ culture medium containing 10% FBS in condition of $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$. These cells were then cultured in HBSS, ${\alpha}-MEM$, milk(S co., P. co.) and tap water at the temperature of 4, 25, $37^{\circ}C$ each in 60 min. The groups were measured by MTT assay. The results were as follows : 1. Among the storage media at $4^{\circ}C$, ${\alpha}-MEM$ and P-milk had the highest preserving ability of periodontal ligament cells, while that of HBSS S-milk and tap was low in order. 2. Among the storage media at $25^{\circ}C$, ${\alpha}-MEM$ had the highest preserving ability of periodontal ligament cells, while that of P-milk, HBSS, S-milk, tap water was low in order. 3. Among the storage media at $37^{\circ}C$, the preserving ability of periodontal ligament cells was very high in ${\alpha}-MEM$, P-milk, HBSS and S-milk, it's lowest in tap water. 4. The preserving ability of periodontal ligament cells in ${\alpha}-MEM$ was high at $4^{\circ}C$ and it's low in order of $25^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, but in HBSS was high at $4^{\circ}C$ and it's low at $25^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$ 5. The preserving ability of periodontal ligament cells in S-milk and P-milk was high at $4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and it s low at $37^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, HBSS is the storage medium of choice in an avulsion, but in this study it is preferable to choose milk at $4^{\circ}C$ for tooth since it is easy to get and affect cell viability.