• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2001

A primary culture of human fetal hepatocytes was obtained through a therapeutic abortion process at 26 weeks of gestation period. More than $10^8$ cells were seeded on a plastic plate. These hepatocytes were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The HBV was purified from serum of one chronic HBV carrier. Transformed hepatocytes were subcultured in a 10% FBS-supplemented medium. The morphology of the transformed cell was epithelial-like. The cells from the first pass showed signs of early proliferation and had a latent period of more than 3 months after 6-7 passages. After the rest period, the transformed cell proliferated actively and they were subcultured every three days. Transformed hepatocytes were characterized by detection of the HBV transcript by RT-PCR. The secretion of virions from transformed cells was investigated by PCR with the cell medium. Two types of virions secreted into the culture medium were examined by using the transmission electron microscope. Another approach to study the secretion of virions in to culture medium was carried out with HBV antibody. HBsAg was detected in the culture medium of transformed cells using ELISA and Western blot analyses. These data suggested that the human fetal hepatocyte cell line has been established by infection of HBV, in which this cell line secreted viral particles into the culture medium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.338-343
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• 2003

Various factors, such as the adsorption pH, adjuvant dose, and adjuvant age, which affect the adsorption degree and immunogenicity of an antigen, were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH, antigen content, and adjuvant content on immunogenicity was also studied through animal experiments. Within the ranges studied, a low pH for adsorption, freshly preformed gel, and low pH formulation for the combined DTwP-HepB vaccine were preferrable for the adsorption of the antigens. In addition, a higher DT content was found to have a positive effect on the HBsAg immunogenicity in the combined vaccine. Accordingly, considering the factors affecting the adsorption rate and immunogenicity of the antigens, a novel DTwP-HepB vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}$ of HBsAg, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of \;Al(OH)_3\;gel,\;776\;\mu\textrm{g}\; Al/ml\;of\;AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) was developed, whose immunogenicity was comparable to the case of administrating, separately and simultaneously, a combined DTwP vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $300\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\; AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) and mono HepB vaccine [$Hepavax^{\circledR},\;24\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of HBsAg and $500\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\;Al(OH)_3\;gel$], which satisfies the potency criteria of the K-FDA for a combined DTwP vaccine and mono HepB vaccine.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 1984

In the 2,218 healthy cases-male 1,574 female 644-who were conducted serum examination from May 1st 1983 to November 1st 1983 by the medical selection of Dae Han Kyouk life insurance Co., the results which investigated the HBsAg by using the Reverse Passive Hemagglutination(RPHA) method are as follows; 1. The number of 167 from 2,218 cases proved to be positive, showing 7.52%, the number of 143 from 1,574 male positive, showing 9.08%, and the number 24 from 644 female positive, showing 3.73%. The positive rate of the male was indicated by 5.36% higher than that of the female as the former marked 2.4 times higher distribution than the latter. 2) The positive rate by the type of occupations appears as follows; The highest positive rate group is that of discharger from military service in 1983, the number of 70 from 736 persons marking 9.51% and the next is the merchant 8.79%(8/91), employee of a company markes 8.53%(44/516), high school boy 7.69%(19/247), house wife 5.71%(10/210), carrier woman 3.45%(10/290) and the group of the high school girl records the minimum rate of all, 3.13%(4/128). 3. The positive rate by the age group appears as follows; The highest rate group is that of 31 to 35 years, marking 9.80% positive rate, and the next is $26{\sim}30$(9.3%), $21{\sim}25$(8.01%), $41{\sim}45$(6.96%), $36{\sim}40$(6.9%), those below 20(5.99%), 46 to 50 years shows the minimum rate of all(2.94%) Among the male case, 26 to 30 years shows the highest positive rate by 10.59% and female, 31 to 35 years shows the highest rate by 7.89%. 4. The positive rate by the blood type represents as follows; Blood type A shows 7.30%, type B 7.17%, type O 6.11% and type AB indicates 5.88% in order.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2003

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the worldwide public health problem affecting about 300 million people. The envelope protein of HBV consists of three components known as preS1, preS2, and S antigen. According to the recent study, anti-HBs Ab showed effective neutralization ability against HBV from chronic hepatitis B and liver transplant patients, suggesting the possible development of therapeutic antibody. Methods: Spleen cells immunized with S antigen of HBV were fused with myeloma cell line to obtain HBsAg specific monoclonal antibodies. High affinity antibodies against HBsAg (adr, ad and ay type) were selected by competitive ELISA method. Nucleotide sequence of the variable regions of monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by RT-PCR followed by conventional sequencing method. Results: We produced 14 murine monoclonal antibodies which recognize S antigen of HBV. Two of them, A9-11 and C6-9 showed the highest affinity. The sequence analysis of A9-11 revealed that variable regions of the heavy chain and light chains are members of mouse heavy chain I (B) and light chain lambda 1, respectively. Likewise, the sequence analysis of C6-9 revealed that variable regions of the heavy chain and light chains are members of mouse heavy chain II (B) and light chain kappa 1, respectively. Neutralization assay showed that A9-11 and C6-9 effectively neutralize the HBV infection. Conclusion: These results suggest that A9-11 and C6-9 mouse monoclonal antibodies can be used for the development of therapeutic antibody for HBV infection.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1990

Halothane is usually a safe and effective inhalation anesthetic agent but it rarely has damaged liver. The authors selected 11 patients who had HBsAg positive and increased SGOT, SGPT at Yeungnam university hospital. Their physical status was ASA class 1 and 2. They had no previous history of operation or liver disease. The liver function tests were performed before surgery, and on 3rd, 7th and 10th postoperative days. The result were as follows : 1) The values of SGOT and SGPT were gradually increased on 3rd postoperative day and markedly increased on the 7th and 10th postoperative day 2) Alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were not significantly changed.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2022

As BIM(Building Information Modeling) technology advances in architecture around the world, projects and industries using BIM are increasing. Unlike previous developments that were limited to buildings, BIM is now spreading to other fields such as civil engineering and electricity. In architecture, BIM is used in the entire process from design to maintenance of a building, and IFC(Industry Foundation Classes), a neutral format with interoperability, is used as an open BIM format. Since firefighting requires intuitive 3D models for evacuation and fire simulations, BIM models are desirable. However, due to the BIM model, which was developed centered on building objects, there are no objects and specific properties for fire evacuation in the IFC scheme. Therefore, in this study, when adding a new object in the firefighting area to the IFC schema, the IFC interoperability is not broken and the building WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) is analyzed with a hierarchical system similar to the IFC format to define the scope for a new object and the firefighting part within of the building WBS to derive a firefighting HBS(Hierarchy Breakdown Structure) with the extension of the object-oriented IFC file. And according to HBS, we propose an IFC schema extension method. It is a methodology that allows BIM users to instantly adapt the IFC schema to their needs. Accordingly, the methodology derived from this study is expected to be expanded in various areas to minimize information loss from IFC. In the future, we will apply the IFC extension methodology to the actual development process using HBS to verify that it is actually applicable within the IFC schema.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

Purpose: 99mTc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) is an important and clinically useful diagnostic imaging study for detecting complications after liver transplantation. CT contrast agents due to their high atomic numbers, lead to a decrease in gamma ray count rates. This study investigated the impact of CT contrast agents on the uptake of 99mTc-mebrofenin in the liver. Materials and Methods: The quantitative HBS was performed on sixty-two liver transplantation patients (male:female=36:26), with a mean age of 59.4±6.4 years. Statistical comparison of hepatic uptake reduction ratio (HURR%) before and after the injection of CT contrast agents was performed using a paired t-test. Results: Hepatic uptake of the reduction ratio was 94.47±3.65% for the pre-CT contrast agents and 92.17±4.00% for the post-CT contrast agents. HURR% after CT contrast agent injection showed a statistically significant difference compared to before the injection (t=11.09, P<0.001). Conclusion: It will be necessary to pay attention when examining the HBS of patients with liver transplantation after the injection of CT contrast medium. It is advisable to schedule the examination on a different day to prevent residual contrast medium in the body from interfering with the quantitative evaluation of the nuclear medicine examination.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2024

Purpose: Immunosuppressive therapy is frequently administered to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may make them more susceptible to infections like hepatitis B. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 5-18 years diagnosed with IBD who visited a gastroenterology clinic along with controls who were the same age as the patients with IBD and were healthy overall. A logistic regression analysis using the independent variables of age, sex, race, disease phenotype, surgery, and medications and the dependent variable of adequate hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titers (>10 mIU/mL) was performed on quantitative serum HBsAb titers. Results: The study enrolled 62 patients, including 37 males and 25 females. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis were diagnosed in 16, 22, and 24 patients, respectively. Thirty-nine patients were taking corticosteroids at the time of the study, 42 were taking immunomodulators, and four were taking biologics. Compared to 44.7% of the control group, 9.3% of the patients had protective titers. Only 12 out of 62 patients had HBsAb titers greater than 10 million IU/mL. None of the patients who received biologics or corticosteroids and 3.2% of those who received immunomodulators were found to be seroimmuned. Conclusion: The younger patients had the highest titers. Patient-specific factors that may impact these low titers include the length of the patient's illness and the use of immunosuppressants.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to survey the knowledge and awareness of dental hygienists and dental hygiene students about hepatitis B in an attempt to lay the solid foundation for the prevention of hepatitis B and infection control, as dental hygienists were highly likely to be exposed to HBV during job performance. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 32.5% of the dental hygienists and 15.6% of the dental hygiene students were aware of their own HBsAg and HBsAb states. The dental hygienists who were cognizant of the states statistically significantly outnumbered the dental hygiene students who were (p=.000). 2. As for vaccination against hepatitis B, 71.8% of the dental hygienists and 47.3 % of the dental hygiene students were inoculated against it. The dental hygienists who were vaccinated against it outnumbered the dental hygiene students who were, and the disparity between the two was statistically significant (p=.000). 3. In the event of those who were vaccinated against hepatitis B, the dental hygienists were better cognizant than the dental hygiene students of the right time for the vaccination, required vaccination frequency (three times) and confirmation of the formation of hepatitis B antibody (p=.000). 4. Regarding awareness of hepatitis B infection route, the dental hygienists knew significantly better than the dental hygiene students that hepatitis B might be infected via blood (p=.030), sexual relations (p=.000), contaminated needle sticks (p=.000), mothers with hepatitis B positive during delivery (p=.000), toothbrushes/razors (p=.000) and exchange of drinking cups (p=.000). 5. As to the relationship between health status and knowledge on hepatitis B infection route, the respondents who were in bad shape had the best knowledge about that, followed by those in an average state of health and healthy respondents. And the dental hygienists had a significantly better knowledge than the dental hygiene students (p=.001). 6. Just a small number of the dental hygienists and students knew about the hepatitis B-related past experiences of their families, and the gap between the two was insignificant.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.4 s.48
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• pp.747-761
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• 1994

Workers' periodic health examination is the main tools used to manage the health problems of most workers in Korea. The most common health problem found in workers' periodic health examination is liver disorder. Liver disorder is also one of the most common health problems in general population and one of the leading causes of mortality in adult population. Regulation proposed by government (No. 207, Ministry of Labor, 1992) defines the criteria for selection of workers with the liver dysfunction for further evaluative examination and the examination items used for diagnosis of the workers with liver dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the proficiency of each examination items presently defined in Regulation and propose the optimal examination items for detection of the liver disorders found by workers' periodic health examination. Study subjects are 186 workers with abnormal liver function tests in screening examination of workers' periodic health examination. Questionnaire survey including past history of liver disorder, drinking history, height and weight was done. Physical examination by physician, routine test items defined by Regulation (SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP, protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, $\alpha$-feto protein, HBsAg and anti-HBs), anti-HCV antibody test and liver ultrasonography were done. Results are as follows; 1. Result of evaluative examination utilizing only the items defined in Regulation was; There were 75 workers with suspected live. disorder(40.3%), 63 with no liver dysfunction (33.9%), 13 with suspected hepatitis B(7.0%), 10 workers with hepatitis B(5.4%), 10 workers with hepatitis B carrier state(5.4%), 10 with alcoholic liver disorders(5.4%), 5 with fatty liver(2.7%). When alternative diagnostic criteria applying additional examination items (drinking history, body mass index, anti-HCV antibody and ultrasonography) diagnosability of liver disorder was increased. When all four items were included, final results were; 23 workers (17.8%) with hepatitis B (10 carriers, 13 suspects and 10 hepatitis B), 10 (5.4%) with hepatitis C(4 carriers, 5 suspects and 1 hepatitis C), 13(7.0%) with alcoholic liver disorder, 45(24.2%) with fatty liver (40 suspects, 5 fatty liver), 410%) with suspected liver disorders and 44 (23.7%) with normal liver. 2. Of examination items defined by Regulation, only SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP and HBsAg were significantly different in abnormal rate and mean value, and all other laboratory findings did not showed significant difference between two groups. Drinking history, body mass index and anti-HCV antibody test which are the items that authors included in this study, also showed significant difference between two groups. Utilization of body mass index (BMI) for abnormal liver function group in diagnosis of fatty liver had high specificity (97.6%) but sensitivity (22.3%) was low. Therefore we suggest that SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP, HBsAg, alcohol drinking history, BMI and anti-HCV Ab were useful for diagnosis of liver disorders among worker's periodic health examination.