• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2010

After feeding mixed samples, VS ranged from 60 to 80% of total costs in 15 days. EC ranged from1.21 to 2.45, 1.25 to 2.1 and 1.2 to 1.88mS/cm when worms were fed with a mixture of by-products of tidal current and sewage sludge, a mixture of by-products of algae producy, and food wastes and a mixture of by-products of algae producy, sewage sludge and food wastes. That means the kinds of mixture don't have any negative impacts on worms survival. With the feed with a mixture of by-products of algae producy and food wastes and a mixture of by-products of algae producy, sewage sludge and food wastes, pH shows stable 5.4 to 6.7, and 6.2 to 7.4 where is suitable for worms. But a mixture of by-products of algae producy and sewage sludge is out of proper scope for raising worms, in other words, extra care will be necessary. In case of Eh, a mixture of by-products of algae producy and sewage sludge make eh negative (-) in early stage so also when feeding worms, also extra care will be needed. NaCl ranged from 0.32 to 0.82% or form 0.23 to 0.61% when a mixture of by-products of algae producy and food wastes and a mixture of by-products of algae producy, sewage sludge and food wastes were fed. So taking care of salts will be essential whenever feeding.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.246-256
• /
• 2012

This study intended to investigate the distribution of natural habitats, and the environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis at 22 different sites of 9 regions in order to understand the environmental characteristics of $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats are confirmed at 44 regions of 14 cities and counties except for Donghae-si, Sokcho-si, Gosung-gun and Yanggu-gun in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 99-1,084 m with slope inclinations of $0-25^{\circ}$. A total of 215 vascular plant taxa are identified from 22 quadrates. Importance value for members of the herbaceous (H) layer were as follows: $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ 32.8%; $Meehania$ $urticifolia$ 7.5%; $Cardamine$ $leucantha$ 5.1%; $Scopolia$ $japonica$ 3.8%; $Corydalis$ $remota$ 3.3%. The importance value of the last four species are high, so they are at affinity with $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in their habitats. Species diversity of investigated sites ranged 0.4870-0.9848, and that of evenness and dominance are 0.4525-0.7601 and 0.1335-0.4191, respectively. Cluster analysis based on importance value appeared the high relations with differences of dominance species. Field capacity of investigated sites ranged 4.29-38.45%, and the soil pH and organic matter were 4.61-5.98 and 2.44-20.21, respectively.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2015

Cobalt is abundant only in some countries including Democratic Republic of the Congo. It would be necessary to secure overseas Co ores and Co extraction technology. Two kinds of matte varying the sulfur content were manufactured by smelting reduction of Co concentrate containing ~8 wt% Co, ~19 wt% Cu, and ~3 wt% Fe. The amount of Co, Cu and Fe was concentrated to 19~21 wt%, 39~41 wt%, and 7~9 wt% respectively in the resulting matte. High-pressure leaching of matte was performed in an autoclave with considering the effect of oxidizing agent, $H_2SO_4$ concentration as a lixiviant, and the amount of sulfur added to the matte. An oxidizing agent (oxygen) is necessary to improve Co leaching efficiency enabling usage of a dilute $H_2SO_4$ leaching agent. An increase in $H_2SO_4$ concentration prevents selective leaching of Co, and the sulfur content in matte has a minor influence on the Co leaching efficiency.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2014

Laser aided Direct Metal Tooling(DMT) process is a kind of Additive Manufacturing processes (or 3D-Printing processes), which is developed for using various commercial steel powders such as P20, P21, SUS420, H13, D2 and other non-ferrous metal powders, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys and so on. The DMT process is a versatile process which can be applied to various fields like the mold industry, the medical industry, and the defense industry. Among of them, the application of DMT process to the mold industry is one of the most attractive and practical applications since the conformal cooling channel core of injection molds can be fabricated at the slightly expensive cost by using the hybrid fabrication method of DMT technology compared to the part fabricated with the machining technology. The main objectives of this study are to provide various characteristics of the parts made by DMT process compared to the same parts machined from bulk materials and prove the performance of the injection mold equipped with the conformal cooling channel core which is fabricated by the hybrid method of DMT process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2002

Silicon wafer is very important accuracy make use semiconductor device substrate. In this research, for the uniformity dopant density distribution obtained to Neutron Transmutation Doping on make use Si in P Doping study work. In this research. we irradiated neutron on FZ silicon wafers which had high resistivity (1000~2000 ${\Omega}$cm), HANARO reactor was utilized resistivity changes due to observed, the generation of neutron irradiation on point defect analyzed, point defect on resistivity changes inquire into the effect. Before neutron irradiation theoretical due to calculated 5 ${\Omega}$-cm, 20.1 ${\Omega}$-cm for HTS hole and 5 ${\Omega}$-cm, 26.5 ${\Omega}$-cm, 32.5 ${\Omega}$-cm for IP3 hole. After neutron irradiation through SRP measurement the designed resistivities were approached, which were 2.1 H-cm for HTS-1, 7.21 ${\Omega}$-cm for HTS-2, 1.79 ${\Omega}$-cm for IP-1, 6.83 ${\Omega}$-cm for IP-2, 9.23 ${\Omega}$-cm for IP-3, respectively. Also after neutron irradiation resistivity changes due to thermal neutron dependent irradiation hole types free.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1984

This study was made to find several significant relations among various physical and mechanical properties including cone penetration resistance. The alluvial clay samples were taken at the Daebul Reclaimed Tideland in Samhomyeon, Yeongamgun, Jeonranamdo. The results of the study are summarized as follows; 1.Most samples belong to medium or high plastic, inorganic, silty clay(clay contents;32-64%, silt contents; 36-68%, sand contents; 0-3%). The specific gravities range from 2.70 to 2.73, the unit weights from 1.45 to 1. 75g/cm$^3$, the natural moisture contents from 45 to 77%, the liquid limits from 32 to 56%. It is certain that the foundation is weak because the natural moisture contents are much higher than the liquid limits. 2.It is known from the shear tests that the unconfined compression strenghs vary from 0.09 to 0. 38kg/cm2, the cohesions from 0.05 to 0. 21kg/cm2, the internal friction angles from 0 to 3˚. 3.The consolidation tests show that the initial void ratios range from 1.25 to 2.28, the compression indeices from 0.43 to 0.84, the preconsolidation loads from 0.21 to 0.74kg/cm$^2$. 4.Cone penetration resistances are usually less than 5kg/cm$^2$ from ground surface to the depth of about 8m, and from S to l0kg/cm$^2$ in the layer below about 8m to hard layer. 5.The cohesion and cone penetration resistance are in proportion to the depth of soil layer. 6.The correlations between various physical and mechanical properties including cone penetration resistance for the alluvial clay samples are as follows; a) Wn=0.944C+ l2.733 (r=0.829) b) LL=0. 728Cy+6. 991 (r=0. 873) c) PI=0.659Cy-8.168 (r=0.860) d) rt=0. 0077(272-Wn) =2.092-0. 0077Wn (r=0. 859) e) 60=0. 035wn-0 447 (r=0. 893) f) C=0.380qw+0.031 (r=0.816) g) qu=0.0707qc+0.029 (r=0.810) h) C=0.018Z+0.055 (r=O.802) I) qc=0. 415Z+1, 438 (r=0. 943)

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2017

Acetic acid bacteria strains were isolated from a variety of fermented foods and fallen fruits. Among them, the strain MAK88, whose acetic acid fermentation ability, acid-tolerance, and alcohol-tolerance were high, was selected and identified as Acetobacter orientalis. A seed culture of A. orientalis MAK88 was inoculated into onion juice, and the optimum conditions of acetic acid fermentation was investigated. The optimum initial concentration of ethanol in onion juice was 5% (v/v) and in that condition, acidity was 4.31% at 144 h of fermentation. The optimum initial concentration of acetic acid was 1% and the final acidity was 5.32%. The optimum fermentation temperature was determined to be $28^{\circ}C$. The most appropriate preparation method of onion juice was to heat the onion at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and produce juice with pressure followed by filtering, and then sterilization at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. Prepared onion juice was used for fermentation without dilution.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2019

Foliar fertilization of carbonated water during lettuce hydroponic cultivation was increased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as higher carbon dioxide concentration of carbonated water The higher the carbon dioxide concentration in the carbonated water was better growth of lettuce. However, the carbon dioxide concentration of 500 ppm and 700 ppm in the carbonated water was increased the tip-burn occurrence, and the yield was higher in the 300 ppm. the carbon dioxide concentration of 300 ppm in the carbonated water was lower in the fresh weight but increased yield resulted in the lower of the tip-burn occurrence The high temperature limits for growth were 32℃ in the control, 33℃ in the 300ppm and 34℃ in the 500 ppm according to analyze chlorophyll fluorescent Fo. The high temperature tolerance in lettuce increased approximately 4℃ by foliar fertilization treatments of carbonated water under this experiment conditions. Also the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase), the antioxidant enzyme, was higher with high carbon dioxide concentration of the carbonated water.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3549-3554
• /
• 2013

Background: It is generally accepted that gastric carcinomas are preceded by a sequential multistage process that includes chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, usually with intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia. This series of changes in gastric carcinogenesis is often initiated by Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection. The aim of the present study was determination of gastric histopathologic changes in IM patients after at least one year in Guilan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-series study was conducted in Guilan Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GLDRC) during 2010 to 2011. Gastric biopsy was performed for all 71 known cases of IM and precanceric lesions including gastric atrophy, IM, dysplasia and H pylori infection were determined after at least one year. Results: Of the total of 71 patients with established IM who were enrolled, 50 had complete-type IM and 21 had incomplete-type IM. Fifty two people had H pylori infection. H pylori eradication was achieved in 39 patients (75%). Secondary pathology findings of patients with IM were complete metaplasia (39.4%), incomplete metaplasia (32.4%), dysplasia (23.9%) and other precanceric lesions (4.2%). Dysplasia (20%vs 33%) occurred in patients who had complete and incomplete IM at baseline respectively (p>0.05). Age, gender, family history of gastric cancer(GC); smoking habits and NSAIDs use were not associated with gastric premalignant lesions in initial and secondary pathologies (p>0.05). The difference became statistically significant between H pylori infection in patients with more than 3 years diagnostic intervals (p<0.05). Statistical difference between eradicators and non-eradicators was not significant. Conclusions: We found that incomplete IM increased the risk of subsequent dysplasia in this study.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2010.11b
• /
• pp.878-881
• /
• 2010

For better diagnosis and prescription in Korean traditional medicine, Lee Je-Ma (1837-1900) created Sasang Constitution classification which was divided into four groups of Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin and Soumin based on both body shape and natural disposition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of facial skin parameters (hydration, lipid and pH) on forehead and cheek according to Sasang Constitution classifications of Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin in Korean. Eighty-nine Korean female subjects were recruited for this study and the average age of them was 19.9${\pm}$0.84 years. The four groups by the Sasang Constitution were classified by questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution classification proposed by Kyung-Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Consequently, thirty-eight (42.7%) among the subjects were grouped into Soumin, twenty-nine (32.6%) into Taeumin, twenty (22.5%) into Soyangin and two (2%) into Taeyangin. Taeyangin group was excluded from statistical analysis due to small subjects. Hydration, lipid and pH parameters on forehead and cheek were measured by using non-invasive instruments of Corneometer (CM 825, Schwarzhaup, Germany), Sebumeter (SM 815, Schwarzhaup, Germany) and Skin-pH-meter (pH 905, Schwarzhaup, Germany), respectively. The measurements by the same investigator were performed under standardized condition with a room temperature of $21^{\circ}C$ and a humidity level of 40% to 50%. As a result, hydration (F=25.481, p=.000), lipid (F=5.753, p=.005) and pH (F=5.010, p=.009) of the forehead skin showed significant differences in the order of Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin. Hydration (F=23.216, p=.000), lipid (F=6.898 p=.002) and pH (F=5.070, p=.008) of the cheek skin showed significant differences in the order of Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin. In conclusion, facial skin surface seemed to be dependent on Sasang Constitution classification in Korean. These findings indicated that Sasang Constitution classification might be an useful esthetic treatment for caring facial skin in the future.