• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.92-100
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• 2005

Since HiMSEN H21/32, a new medium speed diesel engine of Hyundai's own design, was introduced in 2001, Hyundai has added new models of H25/33 and H17/28 into HiMSEN engine family. These two new engines take after faithfully to the original HiMSEN concept of a PRACTICAL engine by Hi-Touch and Hi-Tech. The prototype of H25/33 was developed jointly with Rolls Royce Bergen originally and also introduced in 2001. But most of the engine design have been changed by Hyundai for the commercial versions to be a member of HiMSEN family, which has little interchangeability with the prototype. H17/28 is now under development as the smallest size of the family. This new engine also has the longest stroke of a class engine, which has been proven as the best basis for future environmental challenge. The higher compression ratio of 17 and optimized Miller Timing with Simplified pulse turbocharging system applied all HiMSEN engines as which showed the most practical solution against current heavy fuel combustion issues for the time being before introducing digital control system. This paper describes the design and development of these new HiMSEN engines and also reviews the service experiences of H21/32 and H25/33, which launched successfully.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.317-322
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• 2016

While PFOS sodium salt ($C_8F_{17}SO_3Na$) was not degraded by microorganisms for 28 days, the 4 alternatives were biodegraded at the rates of 21.6% for $C_{25}F_{17}H_{32}S_3O_{13}Na_3$, 20.5% for $C_{15}F_9H_{21}S_2O_8Na_2$, 15.8% for $C_{23}F_{18}H_{28}S_2O_8Na_2$ and 6.4% for $C_{17}F_9H_{25}S_2O_8Na_2$, respectively. The acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna was conducted for 48 hours, the half effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of PFOS sodium salt ($C_8F_{17}SO_3Na$) was evaluated in 54.5 mg/L. While the 4 alternatives did not show any effect at 500.0 mg/L. The surface tension of the PFOS salt ($C_8F_{17}SO_3Na$) is 46.2 mN/m at a concentration of 500.0 mg/L. While the surface tension of the 4 alternatives was found to be superior to PFOS sodium salt ($C_8F_{17}SO_3Na$). The surface tension of $C_{23}F_{18}H_{28}S_2O_8Na_2$ (20.9 mN/m) has the lowest, followed by $C_{15}F_9H_{21}S_2O_8Na_2$ (23.4 mN/m), $C_{17}F_9H_{25}S_2O_8Na_2$ (27.3 mN/m), $C_{25}F_{17}H_{32}S_3O_{13}Na_3$ (28.2 mN/m). The four kinds of alternatives ($C_{15}F_9H_{21}S_2O_8Na_2$, $C_{17}F_9H_{25}S_2O_8Na_2$, $C_{23}F_{18}H_{28}S_2O_8Na_2$, $C_{25}F_{17}H_{32}S_3O_{13}Na_3$) were found to be superior to PFOS sodium salt ($C_8F_{17}SO_3Na$) in terms of biodegradation, Daphnia sp. acute toxicity and surface tension, and thus they were considered applicable as PFOS alternatives. Especially biodegradation rate of $C_{15}F_9H_{21}S_2O_8Na_2$, $C_{23}F_{18}H_{28}S_2O_8Na_2$ and $C_{25}F_{17}H_{32}S_3O_{13}Na_3$ was relatively high as 15.8~21.6%, and Daphnia sp. acute toxicity and surface tension were considerably superior (surface tension 39~55%) to PFOS sodium salt. Therefore, these alternatives are considered to be available as an alternative of PFOS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2023

A cryptic plasmid (pTH32) was characterized from Tetragenococcus halophilus 32, an isolate from jeotgal, Korean traditional fermented seafood. pTH32 is 3,198 bp in size with G+C content of 35.84%, and contains 4 open reading frames (ORFs). orf1 and orf2 are 456 bp and 273 bp in size, respectively, and their translation products showed 65.16% and 69.35% similarities with RepB family plasmid replication initiators, respectively, suggesting the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mode of pTH32. orf3 and orf4 encodes putative hypothetical protein of 186 and 76 amino acids, respectively. A novel Tetragenococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pMJ32E (7.3 kb, Em^r), was constructed by ligation of pTH32 with pBluescript II KS(+) and an erythromycin resistance gene (ErmC). pMJ32E successfully replicated in Enterococcus faecalis 29212 and T. halophilus 31 but not in other LAB species. A pepA gene, encoding aminopeptidase A (PepA) from T. halophilus CY54, was successfully expressed in T. halophilus 31 using pMJ32E. The transformant (TF) showed higher PepA activity (49.8 U/mg protein) than T. halophilus 31 cell (control). When T. halophilus 31 TF was subculturd in MRS broth without antibiotic at 48 h intervals, 53.8% of cells retained pMJ32E after 96 h, and only 2.4% of cells retained pMJ32E after 14 days, supporting the RCR mode of pTH32. pMJ32E could be useful for the genetic engineering of Tetragenococcus and Enterococcus species.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develop a new starter culture for the fermented meat products. Nine strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Among these nine strains, three strains showing antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio paraphaemolyticus were selected for further study. Growth of the strains was inhibited in MRS broth containing 5% of NaCl at $21^{\circ}C$, but not at $32^{\circ}C$. Nitrite depletion ratio of the strains was above 70% after 48h incubation at $21^{\circ}C$, and above 90% after 48h at $32^{\circ}C$ in MRS broth containing $200\mu$g/ml of nitrite, Nitrite concentration of cured meats and ground meats was depleted from 87.6% to 92.3% and from 45.5 to 640.6% by addition of the selected strains for 24h at $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. Three strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum(N4) and Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis(N-7, an-8).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

Number of loci, allele frequencies, and subunit structures of 17 kinds of isozymes were analyzed in a laboratory strain of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) to get genetic markers. These isozymes had 30 loci with 21 polymorphic (70.0% polymorphism); effective number of alleles per locus, average heterozygosity (H,), and inbreeding coefficient (F) were 2.52, 32.8%, and 2 1.0%, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.662-668
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• 2006

The effects of fuel injection nozzle hole on the NOx emission and fuel oil consumption of medium speed diesel engine HYUNDAI HiMSEN 6H21/32 engine are investigated by engine performance simulation. The results of performance simulation are verified by experimental results of NOx omission fuel oil consumption, cylinder pressure, and heat release rate according to the variation of the number of fuel injection nozzle hole and engine load. The performance simulations are also carried out to optimize the fuel injection nozzle of 6H21/32 engine in respect to the NOx emission and fuel oil consumption. The engine performance measurements are performed to verify the results of performance simulation and to investigate the effects of fuel injection nozzle on engine performance. The results of measurement indicate that significant NOx reduction can be achieved with minimum deterioration in fuel oil consumption by optimizing the geometry of fuel injection nozzle on 6H21/32 engine.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.934-939
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• 2001

In computational study of the flow in piston engines and the flow through moving valves, the use of moving vertices is essential for modelling flows with moving boundaries. The positions of cell vertices in such cases must be allowed to vary with time. To simulate 3-dimensional port-valve and piston-cylinder of HIMSEN 6H21/32 engine, a commercially available code, STAR-CD, was used. Changes in mesh geometry was specified by PROSTAR commands.(i.e. the Change Grid operation in the EVENTS command module.) Control of the intake flow is expected to play an important role as designers seek to obtain better fuel spray characteristics, fuel mixing and mixture preparation, combustion performance, and emissions reductions to meet national standards. As a result of analysis, velocity fields indicate the presence of a structured flow comprised of one pair of counter-rotating vortices under the intake valve during the early induction process. These flow structures remain visible for most of the intake process. As the piston moves towards BDC, these vortices develops into a larger tumbling motion that dominates the flow structure.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.806-811
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• 2001

Since the characteristics of combustion and pollutant in Diesel engines were mainly effected by the characteristics of in-cylinder gas flow and fuel spray, an understanding of those was essential to the design of the D.I. Diesel engines. The improvement of volumetric efficiency of air charging into combustion chamber is a primary requirement to obtain better mean effective pressure of an engine. Since parameters such as the air resistances in intake and exhaust flow passages, valve lift and valve shape influence greatly to the volumetric efficiency, it is very important to investigate the flow characteristics of intake and exhaust port which develops air motion in the combustion chamber. In this study, two approach methods were used for design intake and exhaust port; experiment and computation which were made by using steady flow test rig and commercial CFD code. This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical investigation of steady flow through the prototype cylinder head ports and valves of the HHI's H21/32 HIMSEN Engine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2000

Objectives: This study was camed out to examine the effect of five fractions of aqueous extract from Artemisia capillaris THUNB(ACT), on TGF, 1-induced apoptosis, cell viability, cell cycle progression and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes in human hepatocyte cell line HepG2. Methods: This study employed Tryphan blue exclusion assay, DNA fragmentation assay, Cpp32 protease activity assay and Quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results: In the Tryphan blue exclusion assay, the butanol fraction of ACT with $TGF{\beta}$, l showed magnificent (Nice word, ut is it appropriate in a medical abstract\ulcorner) viability and the H2O fraction of ACT with $TGF{\beta}$, l also showed higher viability than only $TGF{\beta}$, l-treated group. DNA fragmentation assay showed that the butanol fraction and the H2O fraction carried inhibitory effects on apoptosis induction, with the butanol fraction displaying greater effects. The Cpp32 protease activity assay showed that the butanol fraction decreased Cpp32 protease activity. The H2O fraction of ACT had no significant effect on the Cpp32 protease activity. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the butanol fraction suppressed Bax, p 15/INK4B, p21/Waf1, PAI-1 and increased Bcl-2 gene. Conclusions: The data shows that butanol fraction of ACT increases the hepatocyte viability and has the hepatocellular protective effect by the suppression of $TGF{\beta}$, l induced-apoptosis through gene regulation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1859-1864
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• 2011

Two lanthanide complexes, $[Ln(NO_3)_2(H_2O)_3(L)_2](NO_3)(H_2O)$ {Ln = Eu (1), Tb (2); L = 2-(4-pyridylium)-ethanesulfonate, $(4-pyH)^+-CH_2CH_2-SO_3^-)$}, were prepared from lanthanide nitrate and 4-pyridineethanesulfonic acid in $H_2O$ under microwave-heating conditions. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural, and the lanthanide metal in both complexes is coordinated to nine oxygen atoms. The pyridyl nitrogen in the ligand is protonated to give a zwitter ion that possesses an $NH^+$ (pyridyl) positive end and an $SO_3^-$ negative end. All O-H and N-H hydrogen atoms participate in hydrogen bonds to generate a two-dimensional (complex 1) or a three-dimensional network (complex 2). Complex 1 exhibits an intense red emission, whereas complex 2 exhibits an intense green emission in the solid state at room temperature.