• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.660-666
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• 2005

The intestinal microbiota are important to the host with regard to resistance they impart against bacterial infections and their involvement in mediating metabolic functions. Lactic acid producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus play an important physiological role in these matters. The aim of the present study was to isolate Lactobacillus sp. that inhibits enteric pathogens. Initially, 17 isolates from healthy Koreans were collected on Lactobacillus selective medium. Resistance of the isolates to antibiotics including rifampicin, streptomycin, clindamycin and vancomycin was measured. One of the isolate was identified as Lactobacillus ruminus on the basis of bacterial cell morphology, cultural characteristic and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and PCR-RAPD. Antimicrobial activity of the bacterium against Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) was measured. About $10^4$ cells of VISA or VRE were mixed with 1, 5, and 9 mL of L. ruminus SPM 0211 and the final volume was adjusted to 10 mL with brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The cell suspension was incubated for 3, 6, 9, and 24 h, serially diluted and then plated on BHI agar plates. As numbers of L. ruminus SPM 0211 were increased, viable cell count of VISA and VRE decreased. The strongest antimicrobial activity of SPM 0211 was observed after 9 h incubation in any mixture, almost completely inhibiting the growth of these two bacteria. The results suggest that the freshly isolated L. ruminus SPM 0211 may be used as a pro-biotic microbe that prevents the colonization of enteric pathogens and can thereby promote good gastrointestinal health.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of osmotic priming, liquid smoke (LS), sonication and modified drum priming treatments to improve the germination speed and uniformity of pepper seeds for high quality export seeds. Seeds were treated in 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10% LS solution only or with 100mM $K_2SO_4$ solution for 6days at $15^{\circ}C$. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4, 15.7, 21.0, 26.1kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 84, 96 and 108h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. 0.5% LS treatment with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ priming showed significant effects with 71% GP (9.0days MGT) and 66% GP (7.4days MGT), respective, while untreated seeds resulted in only 61% GP and 10days MGT. The healthy seed % was increased by 24% by $K_2SO_4$ priming with LS treatment compared to untreated seeds. However, sonication treatment showed less germination or no difference compared to untreated seed, regardless of intensity and treatment time. The modified drum priming treatment (108h incubation after 50% SMC hydration) significantly improved the GP (on the $4^{th}$days after sowing), germination rate (GR), and MGT to 65%, $28%{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and 3.6days, whereas untreated seed resulted only 7% GP, $17%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR and 5.9days MGT. Thus, modified drum priming treatment effectively improved seed germination and is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1973

In this survey, to estimate volume growth of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill) stand, diameter growth was estimated. Among 223 sample trees, the number of rejected trees was 12, about 5 percent of total sample trees. The stand showed uniform growth and rejected trees included insect-damaged trees. Compared with reports made on forest classification basis, pitch pine a single species showed faster growth. Minimum, average and maximum value of D.B.H and mean annual diameter growth, of 16 year old pitch pine stand, were as follow. The correlation of each factors estimated by 9590 of confidence interval is shown in the table of correlation as bellow.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.469-472
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• 2002

Solid state fermentation was performed for the production of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae HY-2 using wheat bran media containing rice bran. Fungal growth in a solid state fermentation system was estimated by viable cell count, spore count, and mycelial biomass. It was used chemical method measuring N-acetyl-glucosamine (chitin) content for estimating of mycelial biomass. In static flask culture, viable cell reached 2.40 ${\times}$ $10^8$ cfu/g at 23 days of culture at $27^{\circ}C$ and then mycelial biomass was 41.59 mg/g. Specific growth rate(${\mu}$ max) was 0.0418 $h^{-1}$ between 3 and 9 days when estimated by viable cell count and was 0.00976 $h^{-1}$ between 9 and 17 days when N-acetylglucosamine content was measured. Viable cells reached 1.12 ${\times}$ $10^8$ cfu/g in polypropylene-bag at 28 days of culture at $27^{\circ}C$. Formulated microbial pesticide containing M. anisopliae HY-2 were tested their bio-activity against Chestnut Brown Chafer (Adoretus tenuimaculatus). The protection rate of the liquid culture showed 13 ${\sim}$ 26 % with 1st to 3rd instar, and spore suspension of M. anisopliae HY-2 showed 56 ${\sim}$ 64%. Conidia produced by large scale solid-state fermentation showed 20 ${\sim}$ 27 % activity 60 ${\sim}$ 64 % with M. anisopliae HY-2.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.17-28
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• 1989

Having studied the production of monoclonal antibodies for developing a diagnosis medicine which shall be detected by a high-sensitivity test by using Rhodotorula rubra as a fungi-host which had been extracted through biochemical tests and follow-up examinations on Yeast-like fungi obtained from pulmonary tissues of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who had been in Kong ju National Tuberculosis Hospital from Jun. to Dec. in 1987, I. have gained such results as follows: 1. The fusion rate was influenced by feeder cell layers, cell density and time required to the cell fusion with cells in myelona subculture. 2. The fusion rate did not show any significant difference when the cell was applyed with two molecular weights, i.e., 1500 and 4000, of polyethylene glycol. 3. Fused cells after the addition of HAT selection media were bright and round, whereas unfused myelona cells and spleen cells were shrunk and granulated. 4. The cell fusion rate turned out to be about $57.2\%$(150 wells / 264 wells). 5. $10\%$(15 wells / 150 wells) of the positive reaction was detected in monoclonal antibody screening. 6. The titer which had reacted positively to Rhodotorula rubra fungal-host was 800 times in density after the gradual dilution of the produced monoclonal antibodies with Indirect ELISA method. 7. The Strongest specific reaction came out after the peroxidase labelled anti-human Immunogobulin had been applyed to Rhodotorula rubra for activating its nature after making drift with Carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.6) and drying completely.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 1994

Inclusion complexes of ketoconazole (KT) with ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CD) and dimethyl-${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ $(DM{\beta}CD)$ in a molar ratio of 1:2 were prepared by freeze-drying and solvent evaporation methods. The interactions of KT with ${\alpha}-CD$, ${\beta}-CD$ and $DM{\beta}CD$ in aqueous solution and in solid state were investigated by solubility study, infrared (lR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The stability constant of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex (lC) was found to be the largest among three inclusion complexes. Clear differences in IR spectra and DSC curves were observed between inclusion complexes and physical mixtures (PM) of KT-CDs. It was also shown by IR spectra and DSC curves that solvent evaporation method might be. superior to the freeze-drying method in preparing the inclusion complexes of KT-CDs. The dissolution rate of KT was markedly increased by inclusion complex formation with CDs in the buffer solution at pH 4.0 and pH 6.8. The mean dissolution time (MDT,min), which represents the rapidity of dissolution, was in the order of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ IC (3.20) < $KT-{\beta}-CD$ IC (4.36) < $KT-{\alpha}-CD$ IC (6.99) < $KT-{\alpha}-CD$ PM (17.46)< $KT-{\beta}-CD$ PM (19.36) < $KT-{\beta}-CD$ PM (28.53). The dissolution rates of KT-CD ICsprepared by solvent evaporation method were faster than those of KT-CD ICs prepared by freeze-drying method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1996

The in-reactor fuel rod support conditions against the fretting wear-induced damage can be evaluated by residual spacer grid spring deflection or rod-to-grid gap. In order to evaluate the impact of fuel design parameters on the fretting wear-induced damage, a simulation methodology of the in-reactor fuel rod supporting conditions as a function of burnup has been developed and implemented in the GRIDFORCE program. The simulation methodology takes into account cladding creep rate, initial spring deflection, initial spring force, and spring force relaxation rate as the key fuel design parameters affecting the in-reactor fuel rod supporting conditions. Based on the parametric studies on these key parameters, it is found that the initial spring deflection, the spring force relaxation rate and cladding creepdown rate are in the order of the impact on the in-reactor fuel rod supporting conditions. Application of this simulation methodology to the fretting wear-induced failure experienced in a commercial plant indicates that this methodology can be utilized as an effective tool in evaluating the capability of newly developed cladding materials and/or new spacer grid designs against the fretting wear-induced damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.871-875
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of freezing temperature on the quality of thawing aged beef loin. Drip loss was higher at 3oC freezing than at 20oC freezing, showing 17.21% drip loss after 6 days aging by 3oC freezing, 14.92% drip loss 12 days aging by 20oC freezing. Cooking loss by both water bath and pan boiling were decreased with increased in aging days. The salt soluble protein extractability of the beef loin was increased until 9 days aging by both 3oC and 20oC freezing, after that was decreased. The L value of the beef loin was high until 9 days aging by 3oC freezing, after that the L value of that was decreased. And the aging at 20oC freezing was high significantly with increased aging days. The a value of the beef loin was low significantly in 6 and 9 days aging by 3oC freezing, 20oC freezing was low significantly with increased aging days. The b value of the beginning of aging was higher with increased aging days. The percentage of denatured myoglobin of the beginning of aging was the highest, then those of 3oC and 20oC freezing showed 89.70% and 88.00%, respectively. The shear force of the beef loin was decreased with aging days, but the myofibrillar fragmentation index increased with aging days. The pH of the beef loin increased until 6 days of aging by both 3oC and 20oC freezing, after that the pH decreased.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1996

To understand the current status of neonatal surgery in Korea, a survey was made among the 27 members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. Response rate among surgeons was 78 percent, eighteen hospitals participated in this study. Five hundred and three cases of neonatal surgical patients were analyzed. In Korea, about 50% of cases were treated at the hospital in the capital city area. Regional number of patients were closely related to the regional population. Imperforate anus(19%), atresia/stenosis of gut(12%), and Hirschsprung's diseases(12%) were sitting at the top in the list. Majority of operation was done within the first week of life, especially during the first 24 hour period. Eighty per cent was major or so called index cases. Mortality in so-called index cases was 17%. High mortality was observed in patients with diaphragmatic hernia(47%), gastrointestinal perforation(65%) and esophageal atresia(28%). Low birth weight babies showed higher mortality in gastrointestinal perforation, esophageal atresia and abdominal wall defect. These were compared to 1993 survey of Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.287-296
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• 2007

A Lactobacillus paraplantarum strain producing a bacteriocin was isolated from kimchi using the spot-on-the lawn method and named L. paraplantarum C7 [15]. The bacteriocin, paraplantaricin C7, was found to inhibit certain Lactobacillus strains, including L. plantarum, L. pentosus, and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis. It also inhibited Enterococcus faecalis, yet did not inhibit most of the other LAB (lactic acid bacteria) tested. The maximum level of paraplantaricin C7 activity was observed under the culture conditions of $25^{\circ}C$ and a constant pH of 4.5. Paraplantaricin C7 retained 90% of its activity after 10 min of treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ and remained stable within a pH range of 2-8. Based on a culture supernatant, paraplantaricin C7 was purified by DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography and $C_{18}$ reverse-phase HPLC. SDS-PAGE and activity staining were then conducted using the purified paraplantaricin C7, and its molecular mass determined to be about 3,800 Da. The 28 N-terminal amino acids from the purified paraplantaricin C7 were determined, and the structural gene encoding paraplantaricin C7, ppnC7, was cloned by PCR using degenerate primers based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence. The nucleotide sequences for ppnC7 and other neighboring orfs exhibited a limited homology to the previously reported plantaricin operon genes. Paraplantaricin C7 is a novel type II bacteriocin containing a double glycine leader sequence.