• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to provide basic data for environmentally friendly treatment of manure using vermicomposting by investigating the influence of physiochemical property change during the composting period on the survival of earthworms after mixing cow manure in different levels (0(CSD0), 10(CSD10), 20(CSD20), 30(CSD30), and 40%(CSD40)) with the sawdust that is used bedding in livestock pens. As composting proceeds, earthworms were able to survive in all treatments after 3 weeks. In terms of the C/N ratio by treatment groups, the sawdust mix treatment was significantly higher than the CSD0 treatment (p<0.05). The C/N ratio in the 3rdweek when earthworms started surviving was 23.26-61.05. As composting progressed, pH and electrolytic conductivity were highest in the CSD0 treatment and tended to decrease with higher proportion of sawdust in the mix. It was found that pH and electrolytic conductivity that earthworms starting to survive are 7.4-7.7 and 0.28-1.17 mS/cm respectively. To summarize, when composing cow manure with various levels of sawdust mix, all physiochemical property changes turned out to allow the survival of earthworms, but the results suggest that efficient vermicomposting requires the tests to examine growth and reproduction according to the sawdust mix ratio.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2017

Intraoperative airway obstruction is perplexing to anesthesiologists because the patient may fall into danger rapidly. A 74-year-old woman underwent an emergency incision and drainage for a deep neck infection of dental origin. She was orally intubated with a 6. 0 mm internal diameter reinforced endotracheal tube by video laryngoscope using volatile induction and maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane, fentanyl ($100{\mu}g$), and succinylcholine (75 mg). During surgery, peak inspiratory pressure increased from 22 to $38cmH_2O$ and plateau pressure increased from 20 to $28cmH_2O$. We maintained anesthesia because we were unable to access the airway, which was covered with surgical drapes, and tidal volume was delivered. At the end of surgery, we found a longitudinal fold inside the tube with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The patient was reintubated with another tube and ventilation immediately improved. We recognized that the tube was obstructed due to dissection of the inner layer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2000

The synthesis of N-methyl glucamine was performed in two step reaction. The first step involves the amination between methylamine and glucose in methane. The N-methyl glucamine was obtained by the reduction of using Ni catalyst under the high pressure. The second step was glucamide anionic derivatives synthesis from N-methyl glucamine, maleic anhydride, lauryl alcohol and laurylamine by Schotten Banmann reaction respectively. Their molecular structures of N-methyl glucamine and glucamide (EG-MAS and AC-MAS) were investigated by IR and $^{1}H-NMR$. Basic physical properties and biodegradability of there glucamide anionic surfactant was investigated. The range of cmc values determined by measurements of surface tention was $10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-4}mol/l$ and the surface tension of the aqueous solution revealed in the range $28{\sim}30$ dyne/cm and their biodegradability was very good in the pH $5{\sim}10$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 2013

A gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, motile thermophilic bacterium was isolated from a sterilization oven. The microorganism GWE1, formally named Geobacillus wiegelii identified as a member of the genus Geobacillus. GWE1 grew under aerobic conditions of between $60-80^{\circ}C$ (optimum $670^{\circ}C$), in a pH range of 3.0-8.0 (optimum $pH^{70^{\circ}C}$ 5.8), and between 0 and 2 M NaCl (optimum 0.3 M). The membrane polar lipids were dominated by branched saturated fatty acids, which included as the major constituents; iso-15:0 (13.3%), 16:1(${\omega}7$) (12.8%), 16:0 (28.5%), iso-17:0 (13.5%) and anteiso-17:0 (12.3%). The DNA G+C content was 47.2 mol% (determined by HPLC). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of GWE1 showed a high similarity with Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus (97%). However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness was only 58%. These data suggest that GWE1 is probably a novel specie of the genus Geobacillus.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

In this study, characteristics of solid-state fermentation distilled spirits with nuruk (fermentation starter) and sorghum were investigated. The starch digestion activity was highest in black koji (A. usamii) at 359.15 U/g dry base, white koji (A. luchuensis) at 306.98 and yellow koji (A. oryzae) at 15.31 was followed. The pH of the solid-state fermented mash in yellow, white and black koji showed 5.09, 4.46 and 4.50 respectively with significant differences (p<0.001). The total acid content of white and black koji was 0.73% as citric acid. The alcohol content of mash prepared with yellow, white and black koji was 4.34, 4.24, 3.89% respectively. The contents of reducing sugar showed 3.28, 3.23 and 2.64%. Total sugar were 14.88, 17.84 and 17.60% respectively. The alcohol content of each distillate ranged from 44.3 to 39.9%, and the furfural content in yellow koji was 1.25 times lower than the others.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.77.2-77.2
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• 2013

We present the interim results of simultaneous time monitoring observations of $^{28}SiO$ v = 1, 2, J = 1-0, $^{29}SiO$ v = 0, J = 1-0 and $H_2O$ $6_{16}-5_{23}$ maser lines toward 10 known water fountain sources at a post-AGB stage. The observations have been carried out from 2009 June to 2013 September using the 21m single dish radio telescopes of the Korean VLBI Network. From six sources, we detected well separated red- and blue-shifted $H_2O$ maser features with large velocity ranges more than 100 km $s^{-1}$. From four sources, we detected red- and/or blue-shifted $H_2O$ maser features depended on observational epochs. However, we could not detected SiO maser emission from any sources and any epochs. For a representative water fountain source W43A, we obtained $H_2O$ maser spectra at 17 epochs which show a clear bipolar and discontinuous mass ejections. They also showed a periodic change between red-shifted and blue-shifted peaks. However, we need a more regular and short-time interval monitoring observations in order to fix the period and peak intensity variation interval.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

In this study, the reliability-based design optimization of the airfoil was performed. PARSEC function was used to consider the uncertainty of the aerodynamic shape for the reliability-based shape optimization of airfoils. Among various reliability analysis methods, the moment method was used to compute the probability of failure of the aerodynamic performance. The accuracy of the reliability analysis was compared with other methods and it was found that the moment method predicts the probability of failure accurately. Deterministic and reliability-based optimizations were performed for the shape of the airfoil and it was demonstrated that reliability-based optimum assures the aerodynamic performances under uncertainties of the shape of the airfoil.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

In order to measure bio-signals, it is desirable to build a fully implantable system which connects directly to neural pathways or body tissue. A design scheme for fully implementable measurement system is proposed in this paper. Consisting of an implanted module and an external system, the proposed scheme delivers power and data between the two modules. The external module sends power via inductive link using a simple H-bridge type oscillator. Also, the implanted module sends measured data to the external system utilizing R/F communication technique at a frequency of ISM band. A stable communication and operation is achieved as the two types of channels are separated. Implemented in a compact size enough to be implanted in human body, the system exhibits good performance in experimental studies.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.557-570
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• 1991

일차 담수어류의 잉어과(Cyprinidae)에 속하는 Zacco속 어류 4종과 이와 근인관계가 가까운 Candid유속 어류 1종에 대한 유전적 변이를 조사하기 위하여, 한국, 일본 및 대만에서 채집된 개체를 대상으로 전기영동을 실시하여 24-28개의 유전자를 검출 분석하였다. 각 종의 유전적 변이 정도를 조사한 결과 Zaccoplotypus는 전 집단 평균 h: 1.22, p= 17. 52%, HD = 0.053 및 HD= 0.056으로서 조사한 전종중에서일근 변이가 가장 높았다. Z. pachycepholus의 유전적 변이 정도는 A= 1.17, p= 14.8%, HD: 0.026, HG=0.027로서 Z. ploDpus보다 변이 정도가 낮았고, Z. temminck와 Candidia barbata는 각기 A= 1.07, p =7.95%, HD = 0.011, HG = 0.013 및 A= 1.05, P= 3.7%, Hd: 0.013, HG = 0.011로서 변이 정도가 가장 낮았다. Z. Platypus의 경우 한국집단이 변이가 가장 높았으며 대만집단이 가장 낮았다. Zacco속과 Candid지속 어류의 평균 유전적 변이정도는 타어류의 유전적 변이보다 낮았으며 이는 한국산 담수어류중 잉어과 어류의 일반적인 특징이라 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 1985

It has been found that the rat oocytes maintain germinal vesicle (GV) in general in the follicles either untreated or punctured, or in the foreign follicles for 17 hours culture unless they are cultured in the medium supplemented with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). That is, the proportion of oocytes with GV was in range of 88.8% and 95.2% in the plain medium, and on the other hand, only 11.1% to 19.4% of the oocytes were intact with GV when the follicles were exposed to hCG. The experiments with the oocytes which had once been cultured in the presence of dbcAMP or IBMX, and returned to the follicles for the additional culture showed almost the same results as above. That is, when the oocytes exposed to dbcAMP or IBMX for a certain length of period had been returned to the follicles, and set the additional culture, their maturation continuously suppressed even in the cultivation in the plain medium in which most of the oocytes usually resume meiosis. That is, despite of the cultivation in the plain medium, the oocytes transferred into the follicles failed to start maturation division, while the oocytes once exposed to the inhibitors immediately resume their maturation process in the inhibitor-free medium. Thus, it is apparent that the follicles provide inhibitory environment to the oocytes, and the inhibitory function is nullified by the presence of hCG.