• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2009

One of the main issues in comparative genomics is to study chromosomal gene order in one or more related species. For this purpose, the whole genome alignment is usually applied to find the horizontal gene transfer, gene duplication, and gene loss between two related genomes. Also it is well known that the novel visualization tool with whole genome alignment is greatly useful for us to understand genome organization and evolution process. There are a lot of algorithms and visualization tools already proposed to find the "gene clusters" on genome alignments. But due to the huge size of whole genome, the previous visualization tools are not convenient to discover the relationship between two genomes. In this paper, we propose AlignScope, a novel visualization system for whole genome alignment, especially useful to find gene clusters between two aligned genomes. This AlignScope not only provides the simplified structure of genome alignment at any simplified level, but also helps us to find gene clusters. In experiment, we show the performance of AlignScope with several microbial genomes such as B. subtilis, B.halodurans, E. coli K12, and M. tuberculosis H37Rv, which have more than 5000 alignment pairs (matched DNA subsequence).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2013

Four membranes were used to separate Chlorella sp. from their culture medium in cross-flow microfiltration (MF) experiments: cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose nitrate (CN), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). It was found that the hydrophilic CA and CN membranes with a pore size of 1.2 ${\mu}m$ exhibited the best performances among all the membranes in terms of permeation flux. The hydrophobicity of each membrane material was determined by measuring the angle between the water (liquid) and membrane (solid). Contact angle measurements showed that deionized (DI) water had almost adsorbed onto the surfaces of the CA and CN membranes, which gave $0.00^{\circ}$ contact angle values. The PP and PVDF membranes were more hydrophobic, giving contact angle values of $95.97^{\circ}$ and $126.63^{\circ}$, respectively. Although the pure water flux increased with increasing pore diameter (0.8 < 1.2 < 3.0 ${\mu}m$) in hydrophilic CA and CN membranes, the best performance in term of filtration rate for filtering a microalgae suspension was attained by membranes with a pore size of 1.2 ${\mu}m$. The fouled membrane pore sizes and pore blocking were inspected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). MF with large pore diameters was more sensitive to fouling that contributed to intermediate blocking, where the size of the membrane pores is almost equivalent to that of cells.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2017

This study was conducted to know the wetland insect diversity at Gonggeom-ji in Sangju city which is the first designated paddy field wetland protection by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 2011. Data was collected at four times from March to November in 2014 using by Searching, Sweeping and Pitfall trap methods. In this study a total of 227 species of 205 genera belonging to 78 families from 8 orders were collected and individuals were 1,327. Among them, the order of Coleoptera was the most species-rich (42.73%), Hemiptera was the second order (22.47%). In the total diversity index (H') was 6.339 that means highly positive. Dominant Index (DI) was 0.143, Evenness index (EI) was 0.810. Over all survey periods, interspecies competitiveness was high, and community stability was also high. Therefore Gonggeom-ji wetland revealed stable and positive environmental situation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.335-344
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• 2020

This study was a descriptive research study to identify of awareness about pandemic influenza, ethical awareness, and ethical decision-making in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects were 194 nursing students in H and Y city. Data collected from May 1 to June 20, 2020 and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program. The subject's awareness about pandemic influenza was moderate, and ethical awareness and ethical decision-making were high. Ethics awareness and ethical decision-making levels were higher for those who had a history of infection with new type of infectious disease than those who did not. Awareness about pandemic influenza is positively correlated with ethical awareness(r=.291, p<.001) and ethical decision-making related to pandemic influenza(r=.143, p=.046), ethical awareness is a positive correlation with ethical decision-making(r=.274, p<.001). Based on result, propose the development of an educational program to make correct ethical decisions in the social disaster caused by infectious diseases for nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2014

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the etiological agent of PRRS characterized by reproductive losses in sows and respiratory disorders in piglets. The PRRSV is a small enveloped virus containing a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome and divided into two genotype, type 1 (European) and type 2 (North American), respectively, by nucleotide identity. In this study, ORF7 gene of the type 1 and type 2 PRRSV was cloned and expressed in Baculovirus expression system. Also, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against ORF7 were produced and characterized. The expressed ORF7 proteins in the recombinant virus were confirmed by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test using His6 and PRRSV-specific antiserum. A total of eight MAbs were produced and characterized. One (3G12) MAb was type 1 PRRSV ORF7-specific and two (6B10 and 16H8) were type 2 PRRSV ORF7-specific. Other five (1A1, 2A4, 4B4, 12C4 and 13F11) MAbs reacted with both type 1 and type 2 PRRSV. Some PRRSV ORF7-specific MAbs recognized the porcine tissues infected with PRRSV by IFA or immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. From this experiment, it was confirmed that MAbs produced in this study were PRRSV ORF7-specific and could be used as reliable reagents for type 1/type 2 PRRSV detection.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.318-325
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• 2012

PTMSP-PMMH-NaY zeolite composite membranes were prepared by the addition of 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% NaY zeolite contents to PTMSP containing 20 wt% PMMH dendrimer. To investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of composite membranes, the analytical methods such as FT-IR, TGA, and SEM have been utilized, and the gas permeability and selectivity properties of hydrogen and nitrogen were evaluated. The permeability of the PTMSP-PMMH-NaY zeolite composite membranes increased as NaY zeolite content increased, the permeabilities of hydrogen and nitrogen gases were observed being 3,950~592,000 barrer and 1,550~143,000 barrer, respectively. Simultaneously, selectivity of hydrogen against nitrogen did not show a discernible difference at 0~30 wt% range of NaY zeolite contents and increased from 2.2 to 4.2 at 30~40 wt% range.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2017

For complex flexible structures such as nets, the determination of drag forces and its deformation is a challenging task. The accurate prediction of loads on cages is one of the key steps in designing fish farm facilities. The basic physics with a simple cage, can be addressed by the use of experimental studies. However, to design more complex cage system for various environmental conditions, a reliable numerical simulation tool is essential. In this work, the current load on a cage is calculated using a Morison-force model applied at instantaneous positions of equivalent-net modeling. Variations of solidity ratio ($S_n$) of the net and current speed are considered. An equivalent array of cylinders is built to represent the physical netting. Based on the systematic comparisons between the published experimental data for Raschel nets and the current numerical simulations, carried out using the commercial software OrcaFlex, a new formulation for $C_d$ values, used in the equivalent-net model, is presented. The similar approach can also be applied to other netting materials following the same procedure. In case of high solidity ratio and current speed, the hybrid model defines $C_d$ as a function of Re (Reynolds number) and $S_n$ to better represent the corresponding weak diffraction effects. Otherwise, the conventional $C_d$ values depending only on Re can be used with including shielding effects for downstream elements. This new methodology significantly improves the agreement between numerical and experimental data.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of shading on the growth of 1 -year-old seedlings of Cornus controversa. The height growth was highest in relative light intensities of 100% and 50%, but relative growth rate in 50% was higher than that in 100% treatment. The growth did not occur under 9% relative light intensity. The root collar diameter growth at different light intensities is similar to height growth. The leaf area was highest in 50% relative light intensity, and the leaf area under the light intensity was small compared with the control. SLA and LAI of seedlings increased with decreasing relative light intensity. The LAR and LWR of seedlings increased with decreasing light intensity, but LWR decreased at 9% relative light intensity. The dry weight of root, stem, leaf and branch, and the number of branch and leaf decreased with decreasing relative light intensity. T/R ratio was highest in 17% and 30% relative light intensity. Lateral root growth decreased with decreasing light intensity except for that in 50% light intensity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2008

The effects of heat and formaldehyde treatments of soybean meal and rapeseed meal on ruminal release of minerals from the meals were studied on three sheep fitted with rumen cannula. Oilseed meals were treated at 133, $143^{\circ}C$ for 3h or added with formaldehyde at a level of 3, 5g/kg. The ruminal release of P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn from the oilseed meals was examined using the nylon bag technique. Effective degradabilities of minerals in the oilseed meals were reduced by both treatments. The results suggest that rumen bypass treatments of oilseed meals prevent the release of minerals from the meals during rumen digestion and suppress the availability of mineals for ruminants. Eventually, the increase of heavy metal pollution in soil is anticipated due to the increase of mineral content in the feces of ruminants by ruminal protein bypass treatments.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

To evaluate the toxicity of ophthalmic drug, the Draize test and Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test commonly used. In Draize test, experimental animals were under stress and pain due to long-term exposure of drug. In addition, regarding physiological functions, animal model is not perfectly reflected a human eye condition. Although some models such as $EpiOcular^{TM}$, HCE model, LabCyte Cornea-Model, and MCTT $HCE^{TM}$ were already presented advanced cornea ex-vivo model to replace animal test. In this sense, cornea tissue structure mimicked ex-vivo toxicity model was fabricated in this study. The corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and keratocytes (CKs) isolated from rabbit eyeball were seeded on non-patterned silk film (n-pSF) and patterned silk film (pSF) at $32,500cells/cm^2$ and $6,500cells/cm^2$. Sequentially, n-pSF and pSF were stacked to mimic a multi-layered stroma structure. The thickness of films was about $15.63{\mu}m$ and the distance of patterns was about $3{\mu}m$. H&E stain was performed to confirm the cell proliferation on silk film. F-actin of CKs was also stained with Phalloidin to observe the cytoskeletal alignment along with patterns of the pSF. In the results, CECs and CKs were shown the good cell attachment on the n-pSF and pSFs. Proliferated cells expressed the specific phenotype of cornea epithelium and stroma. In conclusion, we successfully established the ex-vivo cornea toxicity model to replace the eye irritation tests. In further study, we will set up the human ex-vivo cornea toxicity model and then will evaluate the drug screening efficacy.