• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.209-212
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• 2007

Non-additive measures and their corresponding Choquet integrals are very useful tools which are used in both insurance and financial markets. In both markets, it is important to to update prices to account for additional information. The update price is represented by the Choquet integral with respect to the conditioned non-additive measure. In this paper, we consider a price functional H on interval-valued risks defined by interval-valued Choquet integral with respect to a non-additive measure. In particular, we prove that if an interval-valued pricing functional H satisfies the properties of monotonicity, comonotonic additivity, and continuity, then there exists an two non-additive measures ${\mu}_1,\;{\mu}_2$ such that it is represented by interval-valued choquet integral on interval-valued risks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.451-454
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• 2007

Non-additive measures and their corresponding Choquet integrals are very useful tools which are used in both insurance and financial markets. In both markets, it is important to update prices to account for additional information. The update price is represented by the Choquet integral with respect to the conditioned non-additive measure. In this paper, we consider a price functional H on interval-valued risks defined by interval-valued Choquet integral with respect to a non-additive measure. In particular, we prove that if an interval-valued pricing functional H satisfies the properties of monotonicity, comonotonic additivity, and continuity, then there exists an two non-additive measures ${\mu}1,\;{\mu}2$ such that it is represented by interval-valued choquet integral on interval-valued risks.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2022

In this article, Pb₂Ba_1.7Sr_0.3Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ superconductor material was synthesized using conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated one dominant phase 2223 and some impurities in the product powder. The strongest peaks in the XRD pattern were successfully indexed assuming a pseudo-tetragonal cell with lattice constants of a = 3.732, b = 3.733 and c = 14.75 Å for a Pb-Based compound. The crystallite size and lattice strain between the layers of the studied compound were estimated using several methods, namely the Scherrer, Williamson-Hall (W.H), size-strain plot (SSP) and Halder Wagner (H.W) approach. The values of crystallite size, calculated by Scherrer, W.H, SSP and H.W methods, were 89.4540774, 86.658638, 87.7555823 and 85.470086 Å, respectively. Moreover, the lattice strain values obtained by W.H, SSP and H.W methods were 0.0063240, 0.006325 and 0.006, respectively. It was noted that all crystallite size results are consistent; however, the best method is the size-strain plot because it gave a value of R² approaching one. Furthermore, degree of crystallites was calculated and found to be 59.003321%. Resistivity analysis suggests zero-resistance, which is typical of superconducting materials at critical temperature. Four-probe technique was utilized to measure the critical temperature at onset T_c(onset), zero resistivity T_{c(off set)}, and transition (width ΔT), corresponding to temperatures of 128 K, 116 K, and 12 K, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.419-427
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• 2018

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of Korean corn grain on in vitro ruminal fermentation with total mixed ration (TMR) as a basal feed. Three ruminal cannulated Holstein steers (Body Weight $479{\pm}33.0kg$) were used as rumen fluid donors. Treatments for in vitro fermentation were TMR only (control, 3.0 g), TMR substituted partially with high level (HC, TMR 1.5 and corn 1.5 g), and with low level of Korean corn grain (LC, TMR 2.25 and corn 0.75 g), respectively. To measure in vitro ruminal pH, gas production, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA), the in vitro fermentation incubation was triplicated at $39^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Mean ruminal pH was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for HC than control. Changes in rumen pH was rather similar between the groups till 6 h after incubation, but the lowest pH for HC (pH 5.10) appeared at 48 h compared with control and LC. Total gas production was tended (p < 0.09) to be higher and ammonia N was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for HC than control and LC. Total VFA was higher (p < 0.05) for HC and LC than control but no differences appeared between HC and LC. Overall, the present data indicate that feeding different levels of Korean domestic corn grain may lead to high and sustainable starch degradation in the rumen.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of brand awareness by color marketing to purchase and revisit intentions in Traditional Markets. Research design, data, and methodology - For this study, 5 point Likert-scale was used based on previous research. Used SPSS ver.22, factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, regression and correlation were tested. 254 samples were used for the analysis. Results - The three attributes of color marketing(symbolism, identifiability, association) exerted significant effects on brand awareness of traditional marketing explained 38.7% of the variance. Thus, , , and were supported. However, was not supported. Conclusions - Colors play important roles in establishing new images in consumers' minds. The visual sense affects emotions and attitudes and most of the visual sense is affected by colors. Colors that we see move people's heart and induce atmospheres thereby greatly affecting humans' physical and mental activities. To increase traditional market brand awareness, it is necessary for traditional markets to display a level of attractiveness through the use of colors and visuals. So to use color marketing in traditional market is very important for brand awareness which can cause purchase and traditional market revisit intension.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2007

Rice is a facultative short-day plant that flowers in response to reduced day lengths. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL) for the early heading date(EHD) using H143 line showing extreme EHD compared to other regular cultivars in rice. The japonica H143 was crossed with a japonica cultivar 'Dongjinbyeo' as well as a tongil cultivar 'Milyang23' to measure the inheritance mode of EHD and identify major QTL conferring EHD, respectively. Pooling test revealed that segregation distortion occurred on chromosome 7 and subsequent linkage map was constructed using 10 SSR markers. QTL analysis using Q-gene 3.06 revealed that the EHD trait in H143 was largely controlled by two major QTL, EH7-1 and EH7-2, accounting for more than 40% of genetic variation that were closely related to the previously reported QTL, Hd4 and Hd2, respectively. This result suggests that these two QTL markers may be a useful source for the control of heading date in rice breeding programs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.88-106
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was carried out to find the immune responses of the Gami-sopunghwalhyeol-tang $(Ji{\={a}}w{\`{e}}i-sh{\={u}}f{\={e}}nghu{\'{o}}xu{\`{e}}-tang)$ (hereinafter referred to GSHT) to the human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (hFLSs) isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Experiments were performed to measure the cytotoxity against hFCs and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hFLSs and the production of NO, ROS. Results: 1. The gene expression of TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8 in hFLSs was effectively reduced at $100{\mu}g/ml$, whereas IL-1 $\beta$ was effectively reduced at 100 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ of GSHT. 2. The gene expression of ICAM-1, MMP-3 in hFLSs was effectively inhibited at 100 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ of GSHT, whereas TIMP-1 was effectively increased at 100 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ of GSHT. 3. The gene expression of NOS-II in hFLSs was effectively inhibited at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of GSHT. 4. The production of NO and ROS in hFLSs was inhibited at 100 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ of GSHT. 5. The proliferation of hFLSs was significantly inhibited at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of GSHT. Conclusions: Comparison of the results for this study showed that Gami-sopunghwalhyeol-tang ($Ji{\={a}}w{\`{e}}i-sh{\={u}}f{\={e}}nghu{\'{o}}xu{\`{e}}-tang$: GSHT) had immunomodulatory effects of suppressing or enhancing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.152-154
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• 2000

Electro_optical characteristics in AC-PDP are confined by a lots of parameters. especially driving pulse shape is very important to improve AC-PDP's luminosity and efficiency. In that experiment measure the luminosity, IR(Infra Red) peak value and response time as the increase of 1st, 2rd sustain pulse width. The VDS(Versatile Driving Simulator -developed by kwangwoon university-) was used to make driving pulse shape. It is found that IR response time after displacement current, Luminosity and IR peak value are changed on account of 1st,2rd sustain pulse width.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.384-390
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of sprouted brown rice (SR), gluten (G), and hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose (H) on the suppression of retrogradation in breads made with Korean wheat flour. An amylograph was used to determined the pasting properties of dough samples made with Korean wheat flour and additions of SR, SR+G, SR+H, and SR+G+H, respectively. In addition, a texture analyzer was employed to measure the hardness changes of bread samples left at room temperature for 72 hours. Finally, the type of retrogradation was calculated by the Avrami equation. The results showed that the addition of SR significantly decreased dough viscosity. However, the dough samples containing SR, G, and H all displayed reduced cold paste viscosity and setback, indicating a suppression of staling. The bread samples containing SR added to Korean wheat flour had increased hardness, but the addition of gluten (SR+G) reduced hardness. Upon examining the bread samples stored at room temperature for 24 hours, it was shown that the addition of G and H with SR (SR+G+H) suppressed retrogradation. Finally, the Avrami model data indicated that the type of retrogradation varied according to the addition of SR, G, and H. The breads made with hard wheat flour (HWF), WM, and WM+SR+H had similar Avrami exponents ($1.20{\sim}1.28$), while those for WM+SR, WM+SR+G, and WM+SR+G+H ranged from 2.7 to 3.3. Overall, the combined addition of SR and H was considered effective for preventing retrogradation in bread made with Korean wheat flour.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.479-479
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• 2003

We investigated the tyrosinase inhibitory effect using whitening materials such as arbutin, ethyl ascorbyl ether, glabridin, kojic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbic acid. Tyrosinase inhibition rate were determined varying the enzyme concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature and pH. The optimal conditions to measure the inhibitory efficacy were as follows. : enzyme concentration 1,500 or 2,000IU/mL, reaction time 15min(for the enzyme concentration 1,500 IU/mL) and l0min(for the enzyme concentration 2,000IU/mL), reation temperature 42$^{\circ}C$, pH 6.5. Under these conditions $IC_{50}$/ of arbutin, ethyl ascorbyl ether, glabridin, kojic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbic acid were calculated. In the case of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase was very low and the $IC_{50}$/ of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate could not be calculated. Other five materials showed good inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and can be used for the whitening materials.