• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 1999

The prevalence and serotype of food-borne pathogens was investigated from 888 samples of chilled meat, 222 samples of packed frozen meat and 117 samples of imported frozen meat during the period from March 1996 to October 1998. Isolation rates of pathogens associated with food poisoning were revealed in order of Staphyloccus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni /coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp, but Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not isolated in all of the meat samples. Amusingly, Campylobacter jejuni /coli were isolated highly in refrigerated meat, but was not isolated in packed frozen meat. L. monocytogenes was encounted higher isolation frequency in packed frozen chicken meat than in refrigerated chicken meat. In the distribution of serotypes of isolates, most isolates of Sta. aureus classified as enterotoxin type C and D. All of the Salmonella spp. isolated from pork were diagnosed group A and most of isolates from chicken meat were grouped B and D. Most of L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken meat were grouped type 1 and a few number of isolates classified as type 4.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.1025-1028
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• 2010

The bacteriological examination of spring water in Seogwipo-city was conducted. A total 11 spring water samples were performed from January to April, 2010. During the study period, the range of temperature was from 0.7 to $15.4^{\circ}C$, and result of the analyses showed that hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) for spring water was 0.33 to 7.8. salinity levels for sample average of 0.5 to 1.04‰, as the result of measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) for spring water showed that water dissolved oxygen were 1.02 to 7.14 mg/${\ell}$. The range of total coliform of spring water sample at 11 stations located in the designated spring water were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean of total coliform were 1.9~117.1 MPN/100mL, The range of fecal coliform of spring water sample at 11 stations located in the designated spring water were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean of fecal coliform were 1.8~68.1 MPN/100mL, respectively. Level of microbial contamination was examined in 11 samples for indication of bacterial contamination such as heterophic bacteria, EscherichiacoliO157;H7, salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp. Were frequently detected from the spring water. Salmonella spp., S.aureus were detected in the range of $0{\sim}1.0{\times}10^1$, $0{\sim}3.0{\times}10^1$ CFU/ml, respectively. And the Escherichia coli O157;H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Shigella spp. Were not detected from the examined spring water samples.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.454-470
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• 2023

This study analyzed the microbiological (Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., mold, yeast, aerobic bacteria) and physicochemical properties [pH, salinity, water activity, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances]. The starters were used by mixing Debaryomyces hansenii separated from Korean Doenjang (D) and fermented sausage (S). The starter was inoculated with dry-cured ham and aged for 6 weeks at 20℃ and 25℃, respectively. The aerobic bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. of D, S, and DS treatment showed significantly higher values at 25℃ than at 20℃. Among them, S25 treatment showed a high tendency. At week 6, the mold of the S25 treatment was significantly higher than the S20 treatment, and the yeast was higher in 25℃ than 20℃ (p<0.05). The pH of all treatment groups increased with the aging period. Compared with that at 25℃, the pH was significantly higher at 20℃ (p<0.05). The water activity showed a significant decrease as the aging period increased, and the treatment of D25, S20, and DS20 showed a significantly higher value at week 6 (p<0.05). Compared with that at 20℃, the VBN content was higher at 25℃. At week 6, the VBN contents of the C20, S25, and DS25 groups were higher than those of the other treatment groups. Therefore, inoculation of D. hansenii separated from fermented sausage produced in Korean starter at 25℃ is expected to improve the safety of harmful microorganisms and physiochemical properties in dry-cured ham.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.128-141
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• 2024

Fish resource surveys were conducted near Jeju Island in June, August and October 2021 using an underwater camera monitoring system, fish pots, and SCUBA diving methods. The efficiency of the methods used to survey fish resources was compared using the number of individuals compared to area per unit time (inds/m³/h) and the number of species compared to area per unit time (spp./m³/h). As a result of comparing the number of individuals compared to the area per unit time (inds/m³/h), the order was underwater camera 214.69, SCUBA diving 124.62, and fish pots 0.57 inds/m³/h. The number of species compared to area per unit time (spp./m³/h) is in the following order: SCUBA diving 0.85, underwater camera 0.38, and fish pots 0.01 spp./m³/h. The fish resource monitoring method using underwater cameras was found to be more efficient in individual counts, and the SCUBA diving method was found to be more efficient in species counts. When considering cost and survey efficiency, the fish resource survey method using underwater cameras was judged to be more effective. The results of this study are expected to be widely used in estimating the population density of fish, which is the core of future fisheries resource surveys.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2014

Feeding behavior of Temora turbinata was investigated through laboratory experiments with special emphasis on its food preference and consequent clearance rate on diatom and microbial components given as common natural food assemblage of coastal area (Uchiumi, Uwa Sea, Japan). Among available prey items, T. turbinata showed the highest clearance rate for Thalassiosira spp. ($0.23{\pm}0.08L\;Temora^{-1}day^{-1}$) followed by Chaetoceros spp. ($0.11{\pm}0.03L\;Temora^{-1}day^{-1}$), but clearance rates for other diatom, Nitzschia spp. was lower (0.03 to $0.07L\;Temora^{-1}day^{-1}$). Bacterial abundances showed no response against 24-h feeding of T. turbinata. Feeding of T. turbinata on heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) was apparent when clearance rates of T. turbinata on diatoms were relatively low, but T. turbinata did not consume HNF as well as ciliates with Thalassiosira spp. of which clearance rate was highest. The results suggest that HNF and ciliates are possible supplementary prey item for T. turbinata, but their contribution as food sources can be limited by the presence of other prey items such as preferable diatom species.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

Certain European truffles including Tuber melanosporum (Perigord black truffle) and T. aestivum(Burgundy truffle), are valuable food commodities, selling for hundreds of dollars per kilogram worldwide. These underground(hypogeous) mushrooms may become profitable agroforestry crops in the south-central United States. Native to Europe, T. melanosporum and T. aestivum are being cultivated to a limited extent and with mixed results in New Zealand and the United States. Tuber species grow mutualistically as ectomycorrhizae with the roots of compatible host trees including white and evergreen oaks(Quercus spp.) and hazels(Corylus spp.). Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum have environmental requirements compatible with conductive sites in the south central US. Climatic and edaphic conditions for cultivating T. melanosporum are more constraining, but T. melanosporum also commands a much higher price.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.337-346
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• 1992

Trichoderma spp. are an effective control agent for damping-off or other plant diseases. The interaction between. T. hamatum and Rhizoctonia solani on the rhizosphere or surface soil were examined to assess the possible roles of antibiosis or competition in the mechanisms of biological control agents as a basic research. In a proportional comparison, total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and Trichoderma spp were 65%, 8.8%, 25.9% and 0.28% respectively in their distribution in the soil. Among Trichoderma spp isolated, the 5 species of Trichoderma spp were indentified as T. koninggii, T. pseudokoninggii, T. aureoviridi, T. hamatum and T. viride respectively. In a mycoparasitic test, one isolate of T. hamatum strain Tr-5 showed an enzymatic ability to break fungal hyphae into piecies and infected on the R. solani hyphae showing a parasitism. Spore germination of the all isolates of Trichoderma spp showed a 1.7-7.3% of germination in natural soil conditions, but the percentage was high in sterile soil indicating all the natural soil were fungistatic on conidia of Trichoderma spp. In rhizosphere competent assay in pea plant, the antagonistic T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koninggii, T. pseudokoninggii showed a colonizing upper soil depth in rhizosphere around 1-3 cm in root zone, but the colonizing ability was much reduced along the deeper the soil depth. Propagule density was decreased in deeper the soil layer. Disease development rate treated alone with plant pathogens, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocarpon destructans increased, but disease incidence rate reduced in treatment with combinations with antagonistic T. hamatum strain Tr-5.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1976.04a
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• pp.184.5-184
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• 1976

In the course of studies on thermostable liquefying amylase from thermostable Bacillus spp., we have isolated a strain which produces amylase activity. This strain was identified to be Bacillus stearothermophlus. The amylase of this strain demonstrated a maximum activity at 65$^{\circ}C$ and Ca$\^$＋＋/ did not improve thermostability of the enzyme although the erzyme was capable of hydrolyzing starch at temperature of 80$^{\circ}C$ and above. The maximum amount of the enzyme was product at pH 7.0, 50$^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.150.2-150
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• 2003

Carnation mottle carmovirus(CarMV) was isolated from Lilium spp. in Korea. This isolate, CarMV, was done bioassay, which plants were Dianthus caryophyllus, Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Dianths chinensis. CarMV was propagated on the leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor with the crude-sap inoculation method and purified by Mossops method(1976). We produced antiserum against CarMV and analyzed the antiserum specificity with ELISA, Gel diffusion method, and Rapid Immunofilter Paper Assay (RIPA). From these results of the assay, RIPA method was simple and rapid for CarMV detection. We have established successfully the CarMV detection system. CarMV coat protein gene was amplified by RT-PCR with specific primers and sequencing analysis was done.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Raw and washed spinaches were tested to evaluate the incidences of Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from spinach samples, and identified by morphological and biochemical methods, including API and ATB identification systems. Isolates from MacConkey, Cereus Selective, Clostridium Perfringens, and Baird-Parker agar media were in 99.9, 99.8, 99.9, and 97.8% agreements with A. hydrophila, B. cereus, C. perfringens, and S. aureus at the species level, respectively. SET-RPLA revealed, among the five strains of S. aureus isolates, two produced type A enterotoxin. All five strains of B. cereus isolates produced enterotoxin as revealed with CRET-RPLA.