• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2006

Effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgY powder on H. pylori infection were evaluated 3 and 7 weeks after powder feeding by urease, PCR, and histological tests, and specific IgG assay of murine gastric tissue using mouse model. To produce anti-H. pylori IgY powder, laying hens were immunized with H. pylori prior to egg yolk harvest. C57BL/6 mice showing high response to H. pylori were infected with H. pylori and fed with the anti-H. pylori IgY powder. In urease and PCR tests, urease activity and gene count of anti-H. pylori IgY powder-fed group significantly decreased in comparison with control. Histological results indicated anti-H. pylori IgY powder effectively protected mice from H. pylori.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2012

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) associated with gastritis and gastric cancer is mainly detected dental plaque and saliva in the oral cavity. Most infection is probably acquired in childhood, but the route of transmission is not clear. The oral cavity has been indicated as secondary reservoir of H. pylori, and may therefore be argued in the route of transmission and reinfection of the stomach which follows treatment of H. pylori infection. So this review aimed to discuss about H. pylori in the oral cavity. H. pylori in stomach can appear in the oral cavity by gastroesophageal reflex or vomiting, but infection of stomach and oral cavity is different. Diagnostic methods are serological method, urea breath test, PCR method, urease test, histologic method and so on. Nested PCR recommend for detection of H. pylori in saliva and dental plaque. H. pylori infection in the oral cavity appear variously and is no relation with dental diseases. The antimicrobial mouthrinse recommend in patients with periodontal diseases because of high detection rate fo H. pylori. Thus H. pylori may be considered as the normal oral microflora.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.1002-1018
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• 2007

Ever since the World Health Organization classified Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen, a variety of discussions over the actual role of H. pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis has existed. Although a majority of researches support the positive correlation between H. pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer, many aspects of this association are yet uncertain, and some data even suggest that there may be no correlation between H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. However, there are proofs indicating these reports underestimated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and therefore, the association of the infection and gastric adenocarcinoma. In this report, I reviewed the epidemiology of H. pylori and gastric cancer, evidence supporting and against the positive correlation of the infection and the disease, and the possible pathological role H. pylori infection may have in gastric carcinogenesis referring particular to published literature. As a conclusion, despite a few reports of a possible negative or no relationship between gastric cancer and H. pylori infection, I was able to find that H. pylori infection did have a pathological role in the development of gastric cancer.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization of the stomach mucosa and duodenum is the major cause of acute and chronic gastroduodenal pathology in humans. Efforts to find effective anti-bacterial strategies against H. pylori for the non-antibiotic control of H. pylori infection are urgently required. In this study, we used whey to prepare glycomacropeptide (GMP), from which sialic acid (G-SA) was enzymatically isolated. We investigated the anti-bacterial effects of G-SA against H. pylori in vitro and in an H. pylori-infected murine model. MATERIALS/METHODS: The anti-bacterial activity of G-SA was measured in vitro using the macrodilution method, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production was measured in H. pylori and AGS cell co-cultures by ELISA. For in vivo study, G-SA 5 g/kg body weight (bw)/day and H. pylori were administered to mice three times over one week. After one week, G-SA 5 g/kg bw/day alone was administered every day for one week. Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of G-SA. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to measure the genetic expression of cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA). RESULTS: G-SA inhibited the growth of H. pylori and suppressed IL-8 production in H. pylori and in AGS cell co-cultures in vitro. In the in vivo assay, administration of G-SA reduced levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas IL-10 level increased. Also, G-SA suppressed the expression of cagA in the stomach of H. pylori-infected mice. CONCLUSION: G-SA possesses anti-H. pylori activity as well as an anti-H. pylori-induced gastric inflammatory effect in an experimental H. pylori-infected murine model. G-SA has potential as an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of H. pylori infection and H. pylori-induced gastric disease prevention.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and iron-deficiency anemia in pubescent children, susceptible to iron deficiency due to the high iron requirements for growth. Methods: Hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori were measured in 937 children (475 boys and 462 girls). Their ages ranged from 10 to 18 years. The prevalences of H. pylori infection were compared between groups, based on the presence or absence of anemia, hypoferritinemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia. The levels of hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin were obtained according to the presence or absence of H. pylori infection. Results: The prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, and H. pylori infection were 8.1%, 9.1%, 3.1%, and 20.8%, respectively. The H. pylori-positive rates in anemia, hypoferritinemia, and iron-deficiency group were 34.2%, 29.5%, and 35.3%, respectively, compared to 19.6% in the non-anemia group, 19.2% in the non-hypoferritinemia group, and 19.4% in the non-iron deficiency group. The H. pylori-positive rate in the iron-deficiency anemia group was 44.8% in comparison with 20.0% in the non-iron-deficiency anemia group. Hemoglobin and iron levels did not show any significant differences between the H. pylori-positive and -negative groups, whereas the serum ferritin level decreased significantly in the H. pylori-infected group. Conclusion: H. pylori infection is thought to be associated with iron deficiency in pubescent children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2004

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been known to be vital in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease in children as well as in adults. But the relationship between H. pylori infection and the histopathologic findings of the duodenum has not been explained obviously in children yet. So the aim of this study is to determine whether duodenitis and/or gastric metaplasia in the duodenum increases the risk of duodenal ulcer disease in children infected by H. pylori. Methods: From October 2001 to April 2004 gastric and duodenal biopsies were performed in 177 children who visited Department of Pediatrics, Gil Hospital, Gachon Medical School. Biopsy sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and also with Giemsa for identification of H. pylori. The grades of duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were classified from 0 to 3 and from 0 to 4, respectively. Results: The incidence of H. pylori infection was 54% in total patients. Amongst 163 children with duodenitis there was a lack of correlation between H. pylori infection and the grade of duodenitis. Amongst 11 patients with duodenal ucler, only 4 children were infected by H. pylori. And amongst 5 patients with gastric metaplasia, H. pylori and duodenal ulcer were detected in 2 and 3 children, respectively. The occurrence of duodenal ulcer and gastric metaplasia were increased significantly in proportion to the grade of duodenitis (p<0.0001 and p=0.0365, respectively). Conclusion: As opposed to the results of previously reported articles, there were lacks of correlation between H. pylori infection and duodenitis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric metaplasia. So further study hould be done to clarify the effect of H. pylori on the duodenal histopathology in children infected by H. pylori.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgY powder to suppress infection of Helicobacter pylori in humans. Hens were immunized with H. pylori to produce a specific anti-H. pylori IgY in their egg yolks, and then anti-H. pylori IgY Powder was used a sample after egg yolks were harvested The safety tests of anti-H. pylori IgY powder were conducted a acute and subacute toxicity test, The result was that the mice fed IgY powder were normal state on a acute and subacute toxicity test The effect of anti-H. pylori IgY powder was evaluated by urease breath test, Volunteers who tested positive for H. pylori using a $^{13}C-urea$ breath test were divided in two groups, one was administrated with anti-H. pylori IgY powder (11.2g/day) and natural extract mixture and the other was administrated with water soluble protein fraction (3.2g/day) of anti-H. pylori IgY powder, The results of clinical test in two groups were shown reduction of UBT value about 23 and 18 respectively. This result indicates that anit-H. pylori IgY is safety and can be used toy the effective supplement as an ingredient of functional food.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

Lots of cases relating Helicobacter pylori infection to iron-deficiency anemia have been described in the literature and H. pylori infection has emerged as a cause of refractory iron-deficiency anemia which is unresponsive to oral iron therapy. H. pylori-associated iron-deficiency anemia can be treated by H. pylori eradication. It is not thought to be attributable to gastrointestinal blood loss, such as duodenal ulcer. The mechanism by which H. pylori infection contributes to iron-deficiency anemia remains unclear. However, four possible explanations can be posited for this relationship; occult blood loss secondary to chronic gastritis, reduced iron absorption due to hypo- or achlorhydria, increased iron consumption by H. pylori, and iron sequestration in gastric mucosa. H. pylori-associated iron-deficiency anemia seems to develop in populations at increased risk for iron depletion. When pubescent girls, including athletes, are found to have iron-deficiency anemia refractory to iron administration, they should be evaluated for H. pylori infection.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

Purpose: We measured anti-H. pylori IgG in Korean elementary school children living in Shinchon area of Seoul, Korea to evaluate the influence of environmental living standards on H. pylori infection. Methods: IgG antibodies to H. pylori were measured in plasma using a commercial ELISA kit (GAP IgG Helicobacter pylori, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA). Information on environmental status such as place of birth, parental income, type of housing, number of persons in the household, parents' occupation, family history of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer was obtained. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square and logistic regression test using SPSS $7.0^{TM}$ for Windows. Results: Study subjects consisted of 571 children, and the age distribution ranged from 6.0 to 13.6 years with a mean of $9.6{\pm}1.8$ years. Male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. The seropositive rates of H. pylori infection ranged from 10.4% in children aged 6 years to 30.9% in 12 year-old group, overall 16.8%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection progressively increased with age, but there was no significant difference in seropositive rates among children in different age groups (p=0.06). Seropositive rates of anti-H. pylori IgG on the basis of gender, place of birth, parental income, type of housing, parents' occupation, family history of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer showed no statistically significant difference. Interestingly, however, seropositive rate of anti-H. pylori IgG showed statistical significance in relation to number of persons in the household (p=0.003; Odds ratio 1.50 by logistic regression test). Conclusion: These results suggest that number of persons in the household is the most important factor among environmental living standards, and that risk of H. pylori infection increases by increment of 1.5 times as the number of persons in the household increases by one.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2016

The antimicrobial effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of Inula britannica against several Helicobacter pylori strains (26695, J99, and SS1) were evaluated in vitro, to determine their applicability as functional foods. In the paper disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial effects of the I. britannica extracts against the H. pylori strains were apparent. Viable cell counting also showed that the extracts at 100 μg/ml concentration dramatically decreased the viability of the H. pylori strains. In particular, the methanol and ethanol extracts at a concentration of 100 μg/ml reduced the H. pylori SS1 cell number to 2.46 log CFU/ml and 1.08 log CFU/ml, respectively. In the presence of 100 μg/ml extracts, the urease production of H. pylori SS1 was decreased to more than 30%, whereas that of H. pylori J99 and H. pylori 26695 was decreased to about 20%, relative to the controls. The extracts inhibited the attachment of the H. pylori strains to human gastric AGS cells as well as caused the detachment of already attached H. pylori cells. In addition, the H. pylori morphology was changed to a coccoidal shape in the presence of the extracts. In conclusion, the I. britannica extracts were effective against H. pylori strains in vitro, irrespective of genotype status, and could therefore be used as novel functional foods.